Researchers at RIT are working on a groundbreaking study to model how rumors spread in social networks and affect individuals and groups. The project aims to use two diverse methodologies combining psychological and mathematical expertise to investigate the impact of rumors on human relationships and society.
A recent study found that children using community health centers in medically underserved areas have a higher prevalence of overweight compared to the general population. The study analyzed data from nearly 2,500 children aged 2-11 and found that overweight children made up 22% of younger kids and 24% of older kids in these centers.
A new JAMA study compares sleep deprivation to alcohol ingestion and shows that long work hours impair young doctors' cognitive function. The researchers found that residents who worked extended hours performed similarly to those with a blood alcohol concentration above the legal limit.
A new study finds that adequate daily folic acid intake before pregnancy can reduce neural tube defects (NTDs) by up to 70%. The March of Dimes advocates for increased folic acid fortification in grain foods, particularly among Hispanic populations.
The US government has awarded a $20 million grant to develop novel synthetic catalytic scavengers (SCS) to protect against and treat the effects of radiation exposure. Proteome Systems will provide its SCS compounds for clinical application, aiming to create medical products for victims of radiological terrorism or radiation accidents.
The Academy of Finland and Tekes have launched a new funding programme to strengthen key areas of science and technology in Finland. The programme aims to build longer-term international research cooperation by hiring top foreign researchers, who will work as part of the Finnish research community.
The ACTIVE trial program was designed to evaluate the use of clopidogrel plus aspirin in patients with atrial fibrillation. After an interim analysis, it was recommended to discontinue the ACTIVE W trial but continue the ACTIVE A and I trials.
A recent study found that many resident physicians feel unprepared to provide cross-cultural care, despite recognizing its importance. The survey of over 2,000 residents revealed a lack of training in handling specific cultural situations and limited opportunities for mentorship and evaluation.
A diet high in soy protein prevents the accumulation of triglycerides and cholesterol in the liver despite obesity and hyperinsulinemia. This is achieved through reduced expression of genes involved in lipid production and increased breakdown of fatty acids.
The study reported a 10.6% rate of stent-related MACE for the control Tecnic group, while the Janus group had a 6.4% rate, with a significant reduction in TLR, and no stent thrombosis occurred
A study of 34 young pediatric residents found that working long hours and overnight shifts impairs their attention, judgment, and driving abilities. The researchers compared the effects of heavy work shifts with those of consuming three to four alcoholic drinks, revealing similar impairments in both cases.
A study found that teenage boys who believe they might get someone pregnant, regardless of their intentions, are more likely to engage in unprotected sex. Healthcare providers should initiate conversations with adolescent males about reproductive issues, particularly those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds.
The ELISA II trial found that triple antiplatelet (AP) therapy reduced enzymatic infarct size and improved epicardial coronary artery flow in patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE ACS). Triple AP therapy also showed a trend towards better event-free survival at 96 hours and 30 days after randomization.
Researchers used PET scanning to track monoamine oxidase (MAO A) levels in smokers and nonsmokers, finding that MAO A was 50% lower in smokers' lungs. Smokers also held onto a tracer chemical longer and had reduced delivery of tracer into arterial blood supply.
Researchers created an animal model of Parkinson's disease using fruit flies with deleted DJ-1 genes, finding increased sensitivity to oxidative damage from common agricultural agents. The study suggests that DJ-1 plays a critical role in protecting dopaminergic neurons from oxidative stress.
The Deep Impact mission revealed several dozen impact craters on Comet Tempel 1, with a powdery layer tens of meters deep. The comet's surface is composed of a fine-grained, loosely glued layer of organic powder and ice, sparking new questions about its composition and the formation of the solar system.
A study found that resident physicians feel insufficiently prepared to care for patients from different cultures, with significant gaps in cross-cultural education and mentoring. The survey results highlight the need for improved training programs to address racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare.
Hebrew University researchers found that investors prefer non-liquid, low-risk assets like bank deposits over liquid, high-yielding T-bills, paying a premium for the perceived safety. This 'ostrich effect' ignores reported risks in T-bills and unreported risks in bank deposits.
Researchers found that displaced songbirds in the high Arctic use a combination of geomagnetic and solar cues to adjust their orientation. The study suggests that birds may rely on declination to determine longitudinal position, allowing them to navigate despite challenging conditions.
Scientists have identified four sugar-coated faces made by stem cells as they develop into brain cells, which may help navigate the adult brain and repair brain injury or disease. These glycoconjugate markers could aid in functional recovery and controlling stem cell proliferation.
Research finds that long residency hours impair medical residents' performance, increasing the risk of accidents and errors. Heavy call rotations show comparable impairment to heavy drinking, highlighting the need for safer work schedules and countermeasures.
A study published in American Journal of Roentgenology found that 3D MRI can detect pancreatic cancer in patients with severe mid-abdominal pain and other symptoms. The study suggests that radiologists should look for pancreatic cancer even if the patient didn't have an examination for that purpose.
A study found that neighborhood safety concerns did not lead to increased TV time or obesity in preschoolers, challenging the intuitive solution of reducing screen time. The researchers instead recommend increasing outdoor play and making neighborhoods safer for children to improve their well-being.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have developed a cell-based biosensor system that can scan thousands of compounds to identify those that activate dendritic cells, which play a crucial role in the immune system. The new screening technique is highly sensitive and cost- and time-efficient, allowing for rapid identification ...
A long-term study found that 3.1% of people who suffered a stroke developed epilepsy. Those with severe strokes had five times the risk compared to those with less severe strokes. New treatments and improved care may reduce the frequency of post-stroke epilepsy.
Researchers found that women taking letrozole experienced a significantly better overall disease-free survival rate and distant disease-free survival rate compared to those on placebo. This study confirms the protective effect of extended adjuvant letrozole therapy for postmenopausal breast cancer patients.
The STEEPLE study examines the safety and efficacy of enoxaparin in percutaneous coronary intervention patients, comparing it to UFH regimens. The results confirm earlier findings that enoxaparin is simple and effective, with minimal bleeding risk, and suggest its use as a standard treatment option.
The BASKET trial compares the costs and outcomes of drug-eluting stents (DES) and bare-metal stents (BMS) in 826 patients with PCI. The study aims to identify patient subgroups where DES are cost-effective, potentially impacting daily practice and preferences.
A study in western Alaska found that vegetation growth, particularly shrubs, interacts with snow to affect Earth's albedo and alter the winter energy balance of the Arctic. This could lead to accelerated warming and changes in the region's carbon budget, with implications for the rest of the world.
A study found that medical students are frequently exposed to pharmaceutical company gifts and activities, with 93.2% of respondents required to attend at least one sponsored lunch. Many students also believe they are entitled to gifts and think sponsored grand rounds can be educational but biased.
A study found that nearly 60% of prostate cancer specimens received higher Gleason scores than original assignments, suggesting that pathologists are more likely to assign high scores to contemporary tumor samples. This 'Will Rogers phenomenon' may lead to a false sense of therapeutic accomplishment and skew mortality rates.
Researchers found that abstract symbols can lead 3-year-olds to choose smaller rewards over larger ones, improving their impulse control. In contrast, tangible objects like candy often tempt children towards bigger rewards.
A study published in Science reveals the vast potential of small RNAs in regulating gene expression, with over 77,000 unique small RNAs identified in Arabidopsis plants. This breakthrough has significant implications for understanding small RNA function and regulation, which may also contribute to cancer diagnostics.
African-American women are at high risk of physical inactivity, with nearly a third missing leisure-time exercise. A new study reveals that social support from family or friends significantly predicts physical activity, accounting for over 23% of the variance.
Researchers found ER-positive/PR-negative tumors may be more aggressive and respond poorly to tamoxifen, while EDNRB mutations are linked to melanoma risk. Farnesyltransferase inhibitors show promise against aerodigestive tract cancer cells.
A randomized trial found that hand sanitizer reduced the incidence of secondary GI illnesses by 59% in families with day care children. Families who used hand sanitizer also showed a lower risk of transmitting respiratory illnesses, although this effect was not statistically significant.
The number of students in US medical schools remained constant between 1994-1995 and 2004-2005, at approximately 67,000. Meanwhile, full-time faculty members increased by 32%, with many specialties experiencing an influx of new recruits.
Researchers found that anthrax's lethal toxin can block neutrophil production of filaments by nearly 60% in just two hours. This paralysis allows the bacteria to move freely in the body, leading to fatal outcomes in inhalation anthrax victims.
A new study published in Schizophrenia Research found that individuals with schizotypal personalities are more creative than normal or fully schizophrenic people. They also use the right side of their brains more heavily to access creativity. This is supported by research showing a disproportionate number of schizotypes and schizophren...
Researchers found reduced MAO A levels in smokers' lungs, which may contribute to physiological effects of smoking like changes in blood pressure and pulmonary function. Smokers also retained tracer chemicals longer and had lower delivery into arterial blood supply.
As Baby Boomers retire, US workers are considering extended employment to alleviate labor shortages. Research focuses on flexible work options to understand their impact on aging workforce. Studies have shown most older Americans want to continue working due to personal and family circumstances.
Researchers found that prenatal exposure to domoic acid levels below those deemed safe for adults caused lasting behavioral effects and impaired memory in rats. The findings imply that unborn children may be negatively affected by the toxin at levels not causing symptoms in expectant mothers.
A recent study confirms that letrozole treatment can improve the survival of women with node-positive disease and reduce metastasis risk. The study also found a 39% reduction in the risk of metastasis among participants receiving letrozole.
A team of researchers, including Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, has developed a network of distributed sensing devices and water-monitoring robots that use solar power to extend their deployment time. This technology will enable the detection of chemical and biological trends in lakes, rivers, and waterways to improve water quality ...
A recent study published in the American Journal of Roentgenology found that batch reading mammograms results in lower recall rates and accurate cancer detection. The research analyzed 9,522 screening mammograms, with 1,538 interpreted by batch reading, showing a 20.1% to 16.2% decrease in recall rates.
A study examining the health of over 2,900 black immigrants reveals that those born in Europe experience poorer health outcomes than U.S.-born blacks, while those from Africa and South America fare better. The research highlights the negative impact of racial discrimination on health.