Researchers investigate the effects of hypoglycemia on insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes and discover a potential solution using urocortin I. Urocortin I suppresses the counterregulatory response to low blood sugar, impairing glucose-sensing neurons in the brain.
Ewing's sarcoma treatment strategy proposed by Georgetown University Medical Center researchers, targeting EWS-FLI1 and helicase protein interaction to promote cancer development.
A study of 96 liver transplant patients found that 66% were fatigued, with physical fatigue and reduced activity being the primary concerns. Rehabilitation programs focusing on improving activity patterns and physical fitness may help alleviate fatigue after liver transplantation.
The study reveals a diverse population of over 60,000 genes in the human colon microbiome, including enzymes that help humans digest food. The findings suggest that bacteria in the colon co-evolved with their human host, contributing to our well-being and potentially leading to diseases like inflammatory bowel disease.
Researchers at New Mexico State University offer a new approach to understanding desertification by studying past events, environmental factors, and soil properties. Their six-step scheme integrates information from broad scale to fine scale to determine the most important influences.
Asteroid Itokawa is found to be a rubble pile, providing valuable clues on how the planets were formed. The confirmation has significant implications for theories of asteroid evolution and will lead to a better understanding of the early solar system.
The USC/Duke team has made significant improvements in controlling light pulses, achieving a slowdown of up to 20-fold increase over previous methods. By using a simple optical fiber and exploiting the Brillouin effect, they can potentially accommodate higher data rates and enable more efficient processing with photonics.
New findings of myglobin levels in the common carp could help scientists understand how humans could survive loss of oxygen supply to their tissues during a stroke or heart attack. The research suggests that the protein plays other roles in protection from low levels of oxygen, apart from storing oxygen.
Researchers at Harvard Medical School have defined a molecular signaling pathway linking oxidative stress to cell death in brain neurons. The discovery of the MST-FOXO biochemical switch mechanism may provide potential new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's.
The US Senate has passed a bill allowing unlimited foreign nurses to work in the country. The move aims to address the ongoing nursing shortage, but critics argue it is a temporary fix that neglects funding local workforce development and fair compensation for countries supplying nurses.
Researchers have discovered electric fish in Africa with the same DNA but different electric signals and appearances, sparking hope that they are on the verge of forming two separate species. The findings provide a rare example of sympatric speciation, where animals from the same geographic location diverge into distinct groups.
The Pauletta and Denzel Washington Family Gifted Scholars Program in Neuroscience awards $2,500 monthly support to graduate researchers and $2,000 per month to undergraduate students. The program aims to train the next generation of life scientists and promote significant contributions in the sciences.
Dr. Hammarskjold's team reveals WT1(+KTS) promotes translation by facilitating mRNA transport and stability, highlighting links between transcription and post-transcriptional gene regulation. The study's findings suggest a crucial role for alternative splicing in regulating genes like WT1 during normal development and disease.
A team of researchers led by UB microbiologist Steven R. Gill analyzed the DNA of microbes in the human distal gut using metagenomics. The study found significant differences between two microbial communities from healthy individuals, highlighting the importance of understanding the interactions between human and microbial genomes.
Chemists have synthesized a new species of iron, designated as iron VI, which has two valence electrons and is highly reactive. This discovery adds to our understanding of fundamental iron chemistry and its catalytic properties, potentially leading to novel compounds for industry and biomedicine.
A study analyzing data from over 7,250 patients in Zurich found a significant decrease in new heroin users between 1990 and 2002. The incidence of heroin use dropped from 850 to 150, while the overall number of heroin dependents only declined by 4% per year.
Researchers found evidence of ancient fig domestication at Gilgal I site, suggesting humans selectively propagated a parthenocarpic mutant around 11,400 years ago. This marked the beginning of agriculture and a significant change in human history.
Having any degree of impaired heart function may be an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke. Mild LVD is present in 3-6% of the general population and increases stroke risk more than three-fold in men and almost five-fold in women.
Long-term cancer survivors experience ongoing concerns about cancer recurrence and treatment side effects, affecting their mental health. Research found that these worries are linked to depression and anxiety, with varying levels of concern across different types of cancer.
The Infectious Diseases Society of America calls for routine HIV testing to identify those who need treatment. Early testing and connection with care can save millions more lives beyond the three million already saved through antiretroviral therapy.
A study in Queensland, Australia found that Indigenous patients had lower survival rates and fewer cases of early-stage cancer compared to non-Indigenous patients. The researchers highlight the need for holistic and culturally respectful approaches to address these disparities.
Researchers discovered that eliminating checkpoint proteins in microscopic worms increased their lifespan by 15-30%. This finding raises questions about the potential link between genetic variations in checkpoint proteins and cancer risk in humans. The study opens new avenues of inquiry into aging and cancer prevention.
Asteroid Itokawa's surface composition was determined by Brown University researcher Takahiro Hiroi, who linked it to LL chondrites, a common class of stony meteorites. The team also described the asteroid's diverse terrain, suggesting it may be an earlier stage of asteroid evolution and formation.
A recent study found that women who have undergone Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) are more likely to experience difficulties during childbirth and their babies are at a higher risk of death. The study also estimated that in the African context, an additional one to two babies die per 100 deliveries due to FGM.
Researchers found that magnetic waves propagate simultaneously in all directions in a Bose Einstein condensate state at high magnetic fields and low temperatures. The discovery reveals a 'lost dimension' effect due to atomic behavior in quantum states.
A study of 321 Finnish parents found that both active and passive TV viewing were associated with shorter sleep duration and increased sleeping difficulties. High levels of passive exposure to TV, especially adult-targeted programs, were strongly linked to sleep disturbances.
Researchers found that intermittent stresses like high blood pressure cause cardiac abnormalities before the heart enlarges. Exercising mice showed enlarged hearts without damage, while hypertensive mice exhibited structural and cellular changes early on.
Rice University's new global health program aims to equip students with the skills to tackle complex health issues in developing countries, including poverty, access to medicine, and cultural factors. The $2.2M grant will support undergraduate engineering students in designing solutions to these problems.
The 'brain-chip' from Martinsried allows biophysicists to visualize the influence of pharmaceutical compounds on neural networks. This breakthrough enables a novel test system for brain and drug research, advancing neurochip prosthetics and neurocomputation.
Daniel Zheng won the SIAM award for his project on the long-term effects of smoking on Down Syndrome. His project demonstrated a wide range of skills and techniques, impressing judges with its mathematical model and motivations.
Scientists at the University of Manchester have identified a previously unknown mechanism by which glucose blocks brain cells responsible for regulating wakefulness. This finding has implications for understanding and treating disorders such as narcolepsy, obesity, and addiction.
A recent study has identified a hormone called juvenile hormone that inhibits the growth of imaginal discs in insects, which can have implications for understanding cancer treatment and long-term effects of early infant malnutrition. Without this hormone, the discs can form and grow at the expense of the rest of the animal.
A study by Joslin researchers found that the PKC-beta enzyme is responsible for fluid retention and weight gain associated with popular type 2 diabetes drugs. The study suggests a potential treatment using PKC-beta inhibitors to prevent these side effects.
A study found that urocortin I impairs glucose-sensing neurons, leading to prolonged hypoglycemic responses. The regulation of the counterregulatory response is largely determined by CRFR2-mediated suppression and CRFR1-mediated activation in the hypothalamus.
A study by UT Southwestern Medical Center found that elevated TVs are a significant hazard for children, with 85% of parents unaware of the potential danger. The researchers recommend manufacturers include securement devices and labels on TVs to prevent toppling, as well as public awareness campaigns.
Dr. Meadows is nationally recognized as an expert in the after-effects of children's cancer, having conducted pioneering research on late effects of childhood cancer. Her studies showed that brain radiation damaged cognitive development and increased risk of later brain cancer.
Researchers observe dimensional reduction in Han purple pigment at low temperatures, which affects magnetic waves' behavior and could aid understanding of quantum computers. The discovery provides insights into the quantum mechanics of the universe, potentially explaining mysterious properties of other materials.
Researchers at Cornell University have discovered how bacteria sense their environments through a cooperative lattice of receptors on the surface of bacterial cells. This sensitivity allows bacteria to detect even slight changes in nutrient concentration, enabling them to respond to stimuli such as pollutants or explosives.
A recent WHO study found that female genital mutilation (FGM) is associated with a higher risk of baby loss and complications during childbirth, including prolonged hospital stays. The study analyzed data from over 28,000 women across six countries in Africa.
A study found that early exposure to estrogen or BPA increases the risk of precancerous lesions in the prostate. Researchers discovered that this leads to epigenetic reprogramming, altering gene expression patterns that promote prostate disease with aging.
A recent study by Cornell University researchers found that acid rain is causing a decline in sugar maple trees due to its acidic effects on the soil. The study used a test plot to replicate favorable soil conditions prior to industrial pollution and found that sugar maples rebounded dramatically when calcium levels were restored.
Researchers are developing a new field in disaster mental health training to address the emotional needs of victims, first responders, and others affected by disasters. With funding from the DOH Grant, they have already trained 168 community-based mental health professionals and plan to expand their reach.
Studies conducted by Harvard researchers reveal that prosopagnosia, or 'face-blindness,' may be more common than previously thought, affecting up to 2% of the general public. The condition can lead to social isolation and difficulty recognizing familiar faces, prompting individuals to rely on non-facial traits for recognition.
Researchers found that over 40% of the marshes have been reflooded and native species are recovering, with growth in giant reeds and rare bird sightings reported. However, challenges remain, including water supply issues and potential environmental threats from oil exploration.
A new artificial preservative has increased the storage period of blood platelets to 7 days, reducing the need for frequent transfusions and lowering the risk of adverse reactions. This innovation could have significant global implications for patients in critical need of platelet transfusions.
The study found that soluble forms of amyloid beta are highly toxic, killing neurons in as little as 12 hours, while fibrillar forms render them useless over a period of days. Researchers hope to develop therapies targeting these different forms of amyloid beta.
Researchers compared accuracy of three diagnostic methods for pulmonary embolism, finding chest CT with leg CT scan detects clots in 90% of patients. The study suggests that imaging technologies greatly expand our ability to diagnose and treat disease.
A long-term field experiment shows that ecosystems containing many different plant species are more productive than those containing only one species. This research suggests that a return to biodiversity may be key to meeting energy needs and restoring global ecosystems.
A study by Martyn Goulding and colleagues reveals that the Notch receptor protein determines whether a single progenitor cell produces excitatory or inhibitory neurons. The researchers found that activated Notch promotes excitatory neuron formation, while low levels of Notch lead to inhibitory neuron development.
Researchers found that Nepali rhesus macaques are genetically similar to Indian-origin animals, which could provide a new alternative for HIV/AIDS research. The study suggests that these animals may be representative of Nepali rhesus macaques in general, and their use in research could help address conservation concerns.
Researchers identified risk factors for PAD progression in large blood vessels, with smoking being a powerful predictor, while diabetes was linked to small vessel PAD. Effective preventive measures include smoking cessation, altering cholesterol levels through diet, exercise, and medication.
Researchers found a known Caveolin-1 gene mutation present in 19% of breast cancers fed by estrogen. They also discovered six new mutations associated with estrogen-driven breast cancers. The study suggests that Caveolin-1 mutations may play a role in the development of these cancers.
Scientists discover that higher temperatures near the equator speed up metabolism, fueling genetic changes and leading to speciation. This finding helps explain why more living species exist near the equator.
Research papers in Geophysical Research Letters highlight climate change impacts on Mars, with data from orbiting spacecraft and rovers revealing a hemispheric dichotomy. In the Arctic, sea ice reduction is linked to inflows from the Pacific Ocean, while the Indian Ocean experiences decadal variability in its circulation. Scientists st...
A new study published in Nature confirms that biodiversity stabilizes ecosystems and can be used to produce a sustainable supply of biomass for biofuels. Biodiverse prairie grasslands are 240% more productive than those with single species, offering a promising solution to meet growing energy needs while restoring global ecosystems.
A Virginia Tech student is selected to meet with Nobel laureates to discuss his research on bioremediation using bacteria-mineral interaction. The study aims to understand the fundamental reactions that dictate how bacteria interact with minerals, potentially leading to a safe and cost-effective means of environmental remediation.
Scientists from the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program have recovered sediments that indicate prevailing ice conditions during the last 14-16 million years. The study also found evidence of ice in the Arctic Ocean dating back 45 million years, while temperatures rose to subtropical levels 55 million years ago.
Male guppies with rare color patterns have a highly significant survival advantage in the wild, surviving at 84% rate compared to 69% for common-patterned males. This phenomenon is linked to frequency-dependent survival, where rarity confers an advantage over common variants.
A new study finds that same-sex segregation can be beneficial for some students, particularly those who are resilient to stereotypes and able to moderate their behavior. However, it can also create disadvantages for others who struggle with these skills.
Researchers genetically altered mice to resist cocaine's effects, discovering that blocking dopamine transporters is crucial for producing a high. The study aims to find drugs that prevent cocaine from binding to transporters while allowing the transporter protein to function.