Researchers have identified 33 structural changes in the cerebral cortex of individuals with Williams syndrome, including asymmetry between left and right sides. The study's findings may provide insights into developmental brain disorders like autism by enabling scientists to quantify brain structure trends.
Researchers found sulfur-eating bacteria infect giant tubeworm larvae through their skin, not stomach as previously thought. The bacteria then induce tissue differentiation to form the trophosome, a specialized organ housing the symbionts.
The new open-access journal aims to increase the accuracy and completeness of evidence available for clinical decision-making. All randomized trials are rigorously peer-reviewed and reported accurately, regardless of outcome.
A new blood test measures the rate of nicotine metabolism to predict quitting success, distinguishing smokers who need higher doses of nicotine or alternative therapies. The study used saliva samples from 480 smokers and found a link between rapid metabolism and increased craving.
The hepatitis C virus uses its protease activity to destroy a key antiviral signaling protein called MAVS, preventing infected cells from producing type 1 interferon. This allows the virus to evade the immune system and persist indefinitely, highlighting potential new treatment strategies.
Emergency departments are struggling with high rates of pursuit-related fatalities, particularly among African Americans and Native Americans. The 2004 influenza vaccine shortage also exacerbated issues, especially for patients with pre-existing respiratory conditions and those without insurance coverage.
Researchers are using California horn snails as a 'data logger' to monitor trematode populations and infer predator-prey relationships in wetland ecosystems. The study found that higher parasite counts were associated with more bird species, indicating the effectiveness of this method for assessing biodiversity.
Researchers at Hebrew University have identified a new protein that scans DNA for damage during bacterial sporulation, identifying a key mechanism in the process. This discovery may aid in understanding diseases involving DNA damage, such as cancer.
The Stevens Institute of Technology's ASME student section won three awards at the recent conference for their Senior Design projects. The award-winning projects include a women's lacrosse skill development device, a wave energy power generator, and a micro-air vehicle with weight and payload optimization.
Multiple studies investigated ICD replacement complications, with one study finding a 1.24% complication rate and another reporting 8.1% complications. A decision analysis model was developed to guide management of device recalls, concluding that risks are not insignificant but should only be considered for high-risk patients.
Between 1996 and 2005, the FDA issued 52 advisories involving AEDs or accessories, affecting over 385,000 devices. More than one in five AEDs were recalled due to potential malfunctions, with electrical and software problems being the most common causes.
Researchers have developed a non-invasive method to measure beta cell mass in individuals with diabetes using PET-based quantitation of VMAT2 receptors. This approach allows for the estimation of beta cell mass in rats with type 1 diabetes, providing insights into the pathogenesis of diabetes and potential therapeutic interventions.
The University of Minnesota is set to establish a new engineering research center focused on compact and efficient fluid power. Researchers will develop technologies to improve efficiency, leading to significant energy cost savings and the creation of new industries.
Researchers at Northwestern University have developed a new method to deliver antisense cancer drugs using gold nanoparticles, outperforming conventional agents. The nanoparticles improve stability, binding efficiency, and cellular uptake of the DNA, resulting in enhanced gene knockdown and lower toxicity.
Schepens scientists identify the intracellular switch that regulates angiogenesis, a process that can be both beneficial and detrimental to the body. The discovery may lead to more targeted drugs for diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration.
Regular exercise helps patients with permanent atrial fibrillation (AF) maintain a regular heartbeat. Moderate physical activity decreased the patients' ventricular rate by 12 percent in those with chronic AF. Researchers also explored new pacemaker technology using acoustic energy, found to be safe and effective.
A study involving 10,635 students found Greek pledges who get drunk weekly have five times the risk of falling from a height and two and a half times the risk of experiencing a burn compared to non-Greek students. They also face higher risks of other injuries, including sexual assault.
A new study led by Seth Bordenstein found that the WO-B virus interferes with Wolbachia's ability to cause cytoplasmic incompatibility, reducing bacterial growth. The research may aid in controlling insect-borne diseases and could pave the way for future strategies to control these diseases.
Researchers found that a slight difference in protein shape allows dioxin to bind more easily, triggering harmful effects. A test using molecular analysis could help assess dioxin sensitivity in wild animal populations.
Researchers used fMRI to monitor brain activity in pairs during a social exchange game, revealing a new 'social agency map' that tracks responsibility in social exchanges. The study improves understanding of psychiatric and developmental disorders with broken social capacities.
A team of researchers discovered that CYLD has a second role in controlling tumor growth by modifying the cancer-promoting protein Bcl-3. Mice lacking CYLD developed significantly more and larger skin tumors than normal mice, suggesting that CYLD plays a crucial role as a tumor suppressor.
Researchers developed a rapid diagnostic protocol for TIA patients, reducing hospital stays to 25 hours and costs by $662. The protocol did not harm patients, with comparable clinical outcomes to traditional inpatient admission.
Researchers developed a simple clinical rule to predict patients at high risk for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), reducing investigation rate to 66%. The rule uses 4 simple observations, including vomiting, diastolic blood pressure, and age, to identify patients who require further investigation via CT and/or LP.
Researchers identified a network of proteins that interact with each other when mutated, leading to degeneration of nerve cells and ataxias. The study provides a mechanistic basis for understanding disease, allowing for potential treatments to be designed to interrupt cellular missteps.
Scientists have developed a technique using lasers to strip hydrogen from silicon surfaces, promising to improve the quality of computer chips and solar cells. This method, which can be applied at low temperatures, offers potential applications in the manufacture of faster transistors and more precise control over nanoscale structures.
Researchers at Harvard Medical School have discovered a key mechanism that regulates blood vessel growth and regression. By targeting this process, new drugs may be designed to dismantle existing vessels or promote vessel regression in diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration.
The MAGIC team discovered variable gamma-ray emission from microquasar LS I +61 303, revealing a direct relationship between the stars' interplay and gamma-ray production. The findings suggest that gamma-ray emission could be a common property of microquasars, contradicting previous expectations.
The bones of the 'Hobbit' were found to be inconsistent with evolutionary theory. Microcephaly, or small brain size, is now considered a plausible explanation for the discovery.
A study led by University of Iowa researchers found that people with schizophrenia struggle to understand body language, including facial expressions and non-verbal cues. Even those with mild symptoms and taking medication, they have difficulty extracting information from these socially relevant clues.
A study found that when participants shared negative attitudes about someone else, they felt closer to a stranger with the same dislike. In contrast, those who learned they shared positive attitudes with another person felt less connected. This research challenges traditional views of gossip and its impact on relationships.
Scientists at University of Wisconsin-Madison develop technique to time events at the atomic scale, enhancing understanding of material properties and enabling improved memory applications in microelectronics. The breakthrough uses X-rays from Argonne National Laboratory's Advanced Photon Source.
A study published in The Lancet found that patients taking aspirin and dipyridamole had fewer circulatory events compared to those on aspirin alone. This combination therapy reduced the relative risk of vascular death, stroke, or heart attack by 18%.
Michael Viscardi, an eighth-grade student, excelled in calculus and graduate-level mathematics courses at the University of California, San Diego. His exceptional performance has earned him a $1,000 award from the American Mathematical Society, and his research on function construction is set to be published.
A comprehensive theory explains Madagascar's high levels of plant and animal endemism, relating it to watershed configurations and recent climatic shifts. The research provides a clear framework for testing evolutionary relationships and understanding the island's unique biodiversity.
The Lancet comments on the FDA's delay in approving Plan B, an emergency contraceptive. The agency's failure to make a decision undermines its credibility. The acting FDA commissioner is urged to move swiftly and show independence.
Toddlers learn more effectively from interactive videos that engage in conversation and use social cues, rather than passive videos. The study found that non-interactive videos were dismissed by toddlers due to the lack of perceived interaction.
A study of nearly 17,700 male physicians found that fish consumption was associated with a lower risk of sudden cardiac death, but not necessarily atrial fibrillation. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation may also have mixed effects on heart health, depending on individual factors.
Researchers emphasize the need for modern definitions of 'family' due to changing household and family structures, including rising cohabitation, divorce, and re-partnering. The report highlights the importance of considering complex living arrangements beyond traditional household units.
Rice University researchers capture natural selection in a flask using bacteria G. stearothermophilus. The study reveals that only six populations with specific mutations can outcompete others, pointing to the development of a system to predict antibiotic resistance.
A team of researchers has discovered a population of the painted frog, considered extinct since 1995, in Colombia's deserts. The finding offers hope that other species can survive the chytridiomycosis fungus and highlights the need for urgent conservation measures.
Hong Li's research on biomolecules has yielded new insights into RNA recognition and cleavage by a splicing endonuclease. The study provides critical information on the functioning of biomolecules, which could lead to new treatments for various health problems.
Researchers have identified a potential new treatment strategy for Alzheimer's disease by developing compounds that bind to the p75NTR receptor, preventing neurotrophin-mediated cell death. The study suggests these compounds may inhibit the death of oligodendrocytes and promote neuronal survival.
Routine childhood pneumococcal vaccination has the potential to save millions of lives, particularly children under five years old. The seven-valent vaccine is already licensed and in use in over 60 countries, and formulations with additional serotypes are being developed to target strains commonly causing death and disability.
Researchers have developed a new laser technique that removes hydrogen from silicon surfaces at room temperature, allowing for the growth of silicon devices at lower temperatures. This breakthrough could enable faster and more precise manufacturing of microelectronic devices.
The study found that escalating biphasic energy regimens were more successful in terminating ventricular fibrillation (VF) and converting to an organized rhythm for secondary shocks. However, the difference was not seen in overall survival rates.
A University of Alberta study found that teenaged girls aged 14-17 viewed cellphones as a means to balance freedom and responsibility, with parents' concerns driving their behavior. Despite advertisements showcasing independence, the girls prioritized staying safe and answering home calls.
A new study has demonstrated the use of PET imaging to track diabetes progression by measuring beta cell mass. The method uses a molecule expressed in both beta cells and the central nervous system, allowing for non-invasive imaging of beta cells in rats and potentially human subjects.
Researchers at Indiana University Bloomington found that even when ovary extracts are diluted 100,000 times, some sperm cells still respond to the scent. This discovery may help scientists understand problems with human conception and develop a diagnostic tool for male infertility.
The LA Kids program significantly reduced pediatric epinephrine dosing errors in cardiac arrest cases, with correct doses increasing from 28% to 57% and doses within 20% of the exact dose rising from 44% to 70%. The study emphasizes the importance of system-wide changes and education.
A recent study found that witnessing intimate partner violence as a child does not increase the risk of becoming a victim of IPV as an adult. Adult Child Witnesses were more likely to be less than 40 years old, have lower incomes, and have been abused as children.
Scientists have found that temperature variations are more intimately linked across time scales than previously thought. The researchers used measurements from corals, ice cores, and sediment cores to estimate past temperatures, revealing a stronger connection between annual and decadal cycles.
Researchers highlight disparities in bystander CPR for Latino victims of cardiac arrest. Therapeutic hypothermia also shows promise in reducing mortality and neurological damage after cardiac arrest.
A new measure of heart rate deceleration capacity has been found to be a stronger predictor of mortality than traditional measures in patients who have had a heart attack. This alternative marker for wellbeing can detect high-risk patients even if current gold-standard measures fail.
Researchers found that cooling a person by 2°C during the first day after resuscitation can significantly improve their chances of recovering from cardiac arrest. The study, which used rats to replicate human brain injury, showed that even modest cooling of the brain can have beneficial effects on recovery.
Researchers discovered a web of inter-related responses that cells use to avoid becoming diseased or cancerous after being exposed to environmental toxins. The findings could eventually be used to develop drugs to boost DNA repair in response to environmental toxins and possibly treat inherited degenerative diseases.
The consortium aims to enhance the quality and consistency of materials used in drug tablets, processed foods, agrichemicals, and composite organic products. Research will focus on particle shapes, forces that bind materials together, and efficient production of structured materials.
Researchers at Columbia University have developed a non-invasive method to measure beta cell mass in diabetic rats using positron emission tomography (PET)-based quantitation of pancreatic radiolabeled VMAT2 receptors. This method has the potential to study the pathogenesis of diabetes and monitor therapeutic interventions.
A new model forecasts a significant decline in winter snowpack between now and 2100, affecting mountains in temperate zones. The Sierras, Cascades, and southern Rockies will be among the hardest hit, with some regions losing up to 64% of their current snowpack.
Research finds that moderate stress during pregnancy may be associated with children being more advanced in mental and motor development at age 2. However, this effect is not seen in the children's ability to regulate their emotions or behavior.
A recent study published in Child Development found that moderate maternal stress during pregnancy is associated with improved early childhood development. The research followed 137 women and their children, revealing that prenatal stress did not hinder temperaments or behavior regulation.