Researchers received FDA approval for a nonhormonal contraceptive device that blocks sperm in the vas deferens, aiming to provide a long-term and reversible method. The Intra Vas Device has shown effectiveness in preliminary studies, with men citing benefits such as avoiding hormonal side effects.
Scientists have made significant breakthroughs in understanding how proteins are transported across cell membranes, a process fundamental to all living organisms. The findings could lead to new insights into the treatment of type-2 diabetes and other diseases.
Researchers deciphered the signaling pathway for a key class of steroid hormones that regulates growth and development in plants, enabling potential manipulation of plant stature. This breakthrough could lead to broader implications for urban forestry, crop development, and agricultural practices.
NDRI researchers studied non-injecting heroin users transitioning to injection, finding it's not universal and influenced by individual characteristics and social networks. The study highlights the importance of understanding these factors to prevent infectious diseases like HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C.
Researchers have identified a novel protein called JHDM2A that plays a key role in gene activation mediated by the androgen receptor, a protein responding to testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. This discovery has implications for prostate cancer treatment, as lowering androgen levels can shrink or slow cancer growth.
A study comparing therapeutic communities in the US, China, and Thailand will examine client and program characteristics to understand treatment effectiveness. The research aims to advance substance abuse treatment services globally by developing a standardized model.
A new study by Harvard Medical School researchers found that visual stimulus turns up the expression of some genes and turns down others, shaping the brain. The study identified distinct sets of genes that respond to visual input at different ages, suggesting a more holistic view of gene function in neural development.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have identified a gene that promotes both disease resistance and pollen development in rice. The xa13 allele, found to be resistant to bacterial leaf blight, has a surprising positive effect on plant fertility.
Researchers at Rutgers University duplicated Martian razorback shapes using statically charged sand grains on acrylic. Meanwhile, DNA molecules and carbon nanotubes can convert rotational motion to linear translation, potentially solving a crucial problem in micromachine parts.
Researchers from University of North Carolina Health Care and N.C. State University develop a vaccine that protects animals from chancroid, a sexually transmitted disease that can enhance HIV transmission. The study suggests that a chancroid vaccine could be relatively easy to develop and may help reduce HIV transmission in Africa.
A novel approach to epilepsy surgery in young children with tuberous sclerosis has shown promising results, with 17 of 25 patients freed from seizures after a multi-stage brain operation. The procedure involves multiple surgeries to remove seizure-causing tissue, and may improve developmental outcomes for affected children.
Researchers have identified alveolar type I cells as potential diagnostic markers for acute lung injury. The study's findings suggest that these cells may play a crucial role in the development of pulmonary diseases.
Reddy's study found a selective loss of both presynaptic and postsynaptic proteins in AD patients' brains, highlighting the need for further investigation into synaptic damage. The award recognizes his work on understanding molecular and cellular bases of neurodegenerative diseases.
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has launched a $71 million effort to investigate rare diseases affecting fewer than 200,000 persons in the US. The Clinical Research Consortium Network (RDCRN) aims to develop personalized treatments and prevent complications through genetic research.
A study by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons found that liposuction patients who maintained a healthy diet and exercise reported significant weight loss and clothing size reduction. The majority of patients lost an average of five to 10 pounds in less than six months, with 55% reporting a three-dress-size decrease.
The University of Washington has licensed its innovative cardiovascular software, CASCADE, to VPDiagnostics. The technology helps clinicians identify 'vulnerable' plaque, which is linked to heart attack and stroke, providing a powerful tool for researchers to study atherosclerosis.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have developed blood-compatible nanoscale materials using heparin composites or coatings. The composite heparin membrane with nanopores can filter blood and maintain its flow, potentially eliminating the need for systemic administration of heparin during kidney dialysis.
Researchers propose using switchgrass as a supplement to corn to make ethanol, ensuring affordable fuel for distributors and consumers. The study found that cellulosic ethanol from dry switchgrass can deliver 16% ethanol fuel to all US consumers, potentially leading to significant decreases in gasoline prices.
Researchers have identified a stomach receptor for Helicobacter pylori, a common gut bacteria that causes peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. The discovery suggests that drugs targeting this receptor could prevent or treat these diseases.
Rutgers-Newark Chemistry Professor Elena Galoppini and her team have received a $1.3 million NSF grant to develop new solar cells that harness organic materials and nanoparticles. The research aims to create more efficient methods of converting sunlight into electricity.
Researchers found that blocking the H1 histamine receptor can effectively reduce allergic lung responses and alleviate symptoms of hay fever. The study suggests this approach could provide new treatment options for individuals suffering from allergies.
Researchers have discovered that meteorites contain isotopes of nitrogen and hydrogen that are similar to those found in interplanetary dust particles. This suggests that the parent bodies of these meteorites, such as comets, formed in the interstellar medium and were not severely processed by the inner solar system.
Scientists discovered massive sand dunes on Saturn's moon Titan, formed by tidal winds and unique atmospheric conditions. The dunes, similar to those in Namibian Deserts, suggest that Titan's atmosphere can create surface winds powerful enough to sculpt sand.
Scientists have identified a key player in gene silencing, the protein HDA6, which removes acetyl groups from histones and modifies DNA. This discovery sheds new light on epigenetic mechanisms, potentially leading to breakthroughs in understanding tumor growth, blood disorders, and other diseases.
Researchers identify key factors that contribute to the amplification and transmission of West Nile Virus, including drought-induced conditions and specific mosquito species. By understanding these local conditions, control strategies can be devised to prevent the spread of the disease.
A new study found that high plasma folate levels are associated with an increased risk of twin births after in-vitro fertilization (IVF), particularly when two embryos are transferred. The study suggests that limiting folic acid intake may help reduce the incidence of multiple births while maintaining livebirth rates.
Researchers found a molecular mechanism that regulates careless DNA polymerases, preventing excessive mutations and cancer risk. The p53 and p21 proteins act as supervisors, controlling the careless enzymes' activities.
Research reveals a previously unknown role for histamine receptors in asthma, suggesting that blocking these receptors could alleviate symptoms. Additionally, a novel peptide inhibitor has been discovered to prevent bone loss in osteoporosis by targeting the RANK/TNF pathway.
On a landmark 20-day Atlantic cruise, scientists cataloged 500 species of tiny zooplankton, including new discoveries. The expedition, part of the Census of Marine Life initiative, aimed to illuminate these essential life forms in the ocean's lower layers.
Researchers develop novel nanoscale architectures using spin-wave buses for efficient interconnectivity and low power consumption. The breakthrough enables the design of fully interconnected networks of processors on a single chip, overcoming current limitations in spintronic architectures.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute determined the x-ray structure of EmrD, a multidrug transporter protein in E. coli, which could help understand its mechanism and develop new drugs. The study revealed an internal cavity composed primarily of hydrophobic residues that contribute to drug specificity.
A new method called microCT-based virtual histology allows scientists to quickly examine large numbers of mouse embryos with different genetic mutations or damage from toxic chemicals. This enables them to determine the normal function of many genes faster than existing methods, improving drug safety and efficacy.
A neurobiology study found that dread influences human decision-making by activating the brain's pain network and attention centers. The researchers discovered two types of individuals: mild and extreme dreaders, who differed in their brain activity patterns.
The new movies released by NASA's Cassini mission provide a realistic experience of the Titan landing. The images taken by Huygens' Descent Imager/Spectral Radiometer (DISR) during its plunge into Titan's atmosphere have been converted into movie format, showcasing the probe's descent and the changes it observed in the environment.
A Rutgers-Newark chemistry professor has been awarded the Alfred P. Sloan Fellowship for his groundbreaking research on multifunctional Lewis acids, which could lead to new materials for display technology. The fellowship is a significant milestone in his young career, following his recent National Science Foundation Career Award.
Dr. Jin's study focuses on the role of oxidative stress in atherosclerosis, a process that speeds up hardening of arteries in Type 2 diabetes patients. His research may lead to new drugs preventing cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients.
Five Spanish hospitals are participating in a phase III trial for an H5N1 influenza pandemic vaccine, alongside countries such as Germany, Holland, and France. The vaccine uses fractionated viral proteins and an adjuvant to stimulate the immune system, with the goal of improving vaccine production strategies.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis and Stanford University have created a mutant photosynthetic reaction center that passes electrons along an alternative pathway with a high yield of 70 percent. This breakthrough advances the understanding of photosynthesis, a crucial process for plant energy production.
Researchers analyzed 50 patients' routine CT studies, finding additional lesions detected through simultaneous review of transverse and coronal images. The study suggests combining different CT views can benefit patients by detecting more findings and improving radiologist confidence.
The H5N1 virus poses a significant threat, prompting researchers to revisit studies of influenza A viruses. The immune system response to H5N1 can be catastrophic, with a 'cytokine storm' causing rapid death. Understanding the battle between the immune system and influenza A viruses holds promise for better therapies and vaccines.
The Broad Institute scientists will survey DNA of 50,000 individuals using large-scale genotyping technologies and advanced informatics to highlight genetic differences in specific genes. The project aims to accelerate the pace of identifying risk factors and genetic variants associated with human diseases.
Researchers used Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to study cilia function and signaling in human cells. They found that intraflagellar transport (IFT) is necessary for cilia to bind with signaling molecules, enabling response.
Fire ant expert Walter R. Tschinkel's new book reveals the fascinating world of S. invicta, dispelling misconceptions and showcasing the creature's vital role in ecosystems. The fire ant thrives in disturbed habitats, controlling pest populations and adapting to human activities.
According to NASA, La Niña will have no effect on the 2006 Atlantic hurricane season due to rising sea surface temperatures and favorable atmospheric conditions. The current La Niña event is fading, with sea surface temperatures returning to near-average levels in the eastern Pacific.
A study found that 17% of patients with non-small cell lung cancer experienced a significant change in tumor size after just 31 days of chemotherapy. Tumors either grew or shrunk by 20-48% during this period, prompting changes to treatment plans.
A study found that near 100 percent mammography recall compliance can be achieved with minimal additional cost, saving healthcare dollars. The program involved tracking down noncompliant patients and resulted in one early curable breast cancer diagnosis, justifying the low cost of 16 cents per screening patient.
A new technology developed by Pall Corporation enables faster and more efficient cell harvesting for cell therapy, with processing times reduced to under 15 minutes. The system exhibits higher yield of cells and is easy to use, adhering to Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) regulations.
Researchers at U-M's Life Sciences Institute discovered that the MT1-MMP gene regulates fat cell size and metabolic gene expression. In three-dimensional environments, the gene plays a critical role in adipocyte development, potentially leading to novel therapeutics for obesity prevention.
Research papers highlight the influence of Himalayan topography on monsoon rainfall and reveal self-gravity wakes in Saturn's A ring. Additionally, studies show complex ion chemistry on Titan's nightside and suggest ammonia ions in Titan's ionosphere.
The University of Pittsburgh's Mascaro Sustainability Initiative has received a $506,000 grant to establish the Sustainable Engineering Fellowship Program. The program will engage diverse students in translating fundamental sustainability science into real products and processes.
A U-M study found that non-invasive ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) can be effectively treated with lumpectomy and radiation, with only 8% of women experiencing recurrence. Regular follow-up mammograms are a reliable way to detect any return of cancer.
The global community faces a worsening crisis with 1.2 million road-traffic fatalities in 2002, projected to rise to third leading cause of disease by 2020. A UN resolution promotes road safety measures and organizes the first Global Road-Safety Week.
A team of Swedish scientists has discovered a key gene controlling tree growth and development, shedding light on the complex mechanisms behind flowering and dormancy. The findings hold promise for revolutionizing forest tree breeding and improving pulp, paper, construction, and bioenergy production.
Researchers find Hox system genes are independently evolved in cnidarians, contradicting its role as defining characteristic of metazoan animals. This discovery explains the remarkable morphological diversity seen in Cnidaria.
In the absence of MT1-MMP, preadipocytes fail to break through extracellular matrix, disrupting fat cell development. However, MT1-MMP is essential for remodeling the surrounding matrix to facilitate normal fat formation. The enzyme may also regulate collagen in white adipose tissue and act as a protein-degrading rheostat.
Researchers found that students with high-risk attitudes are more likely to experience harm from their drinking. To mitigate this, they recommend limiting drinks, using self-protective strategies, and having low-risk attitudes.
Two unique soybean lines (PI 567476 and PI 603570A) have been identified that do not contain the leading allergy-causing P34 protein. These naturally occurring genetic mutations eliminate the protein's potential to trigger allergies, offering hope for reducing soy allergies.
Researchers suggest that finding organic nitrogen on Mars would be a strong indication of past biological activity. The presence of nitrogen in the Martian atmosphere is unlikely due to the planet's lack of biological activity, making it an important target for search missions.
Scientists have discovered that ancient genes, including Constans (CO) and Flowering Locus T (FT), dictate flowering and fall bud set in trees. This finding has significant implications for understanding tree maturation and adaptation to climate change, as well as speeding up tree breeding.
A survey of 397 women found that 16% believed their risk of breast cancer was 50% or higher, and most thought mammograms could detect all cancers. The study identified pain experience, emotional distress, anxiety, and satisfaction with healthcare as significant predictors of repeat mammography behavior.