Researchers have identified a new pathway for cancer treatment by targeting the degradation of steroid receptor coactivator 3 (SRC3) through the REG-GAMMA molecule. High levels of SRC3 can lead to tumor growth in breast cancer, but low levels of REG-GAMMA can activate its destruction, potentially halting tumor progression.
Research suggests that chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is influenced by multiple factors, including neuroticism, introversion, and genetics. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and exercise therapy have been found to be effective in managing symptoms.
A landmark study reveals that older trees in tropical forests are more diverse than younger ones, suggesting that diversity is selected for as each forest matures. This finding highlights the importance of ecological value to species diversity in these complex ecosystems.
A master determinant was identified to generate dopamine neurons from embryonic stem cells, promising advances in cell replacement therapy for Parkinson's disease. The discovery also highlights the importance of understanding developmental processes for producing authentic cells from stem cells.
A detailed study of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) region reveals a region of stability that may have provided protection against infection and disease. The study found over 300 amino acid changing variants, strong candidates for functional studies to understand the role of variation in MHC-associated disease.
Researchers at Penn State developed a new nanofiber fabrication technique inspired by forensic science's fingerprint development method. The technique produces biocompatible materials, including fibers with diameters in the 200-250-nanometer range and nano-sized spheres.
The sympathetic nervous system plays a crucial role in regulating hematopoietic stem cell mobilization. Researchers found that defects in the transmission of signals via this system can stall stem cell movement. Drugs that stimulate the sympathetic nervous system restored stem cell movement in mice with impaired ability to respond to n...
A recent study by UC Berkeley researchers suggests that ethanol can be a good substitute for gasoline, offering substantial energy savings and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. The study analyzes six high-profile studies of ethanol and finds that producing ethanol from corn uses significantly less petroleum than producing gasoline.
A recent study has found that a specific genetic variation, ALDH2*2, is responsible for the reduced effectiveness of nitroglycerin in Asian populations. This variation affects the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2), which plays a crucial role in metabolizing nitroglycerin.
A recent study found that biodiversity arises from the same underlying processes in tropical rainforests and Minnesota prairies. Rare trees may have an advantage due to reduced vulnerability to predators and resource competition.
The study found that the BRCA1 gene interacts with progesterone receptors to inhibit growth, but its absence leads to increased growth in response to estrogen and progestin. This understanding could lead to new treatment options for hormone-dependent cancers and ordinary cancers resulting from under-expressed BRCA1 genes.
Two genes, Lmx1a and Msx1, play a critical role in forming cerebral dopamine cells. This discovery can be used to control the formation of dopamine-producing cells from stem cells in a highly effective manner, representing an important step towards a stem-cell-based treatment for Parkinson's Disease.
A study of 100 children with chronic daily headache and 100 children with episodic headache found that sleep disturbance was a common issue in both groups. The researchers suggest that addressing sleep problems may help alleviate headaches and prevent the progression from episodic to chronic daily headache.
Researchers at the University of Nevada and Los Alamos National Laboratory have developed a breakthrough in concentrating carbon ion beams, a crucial step towards improving cancer tumor treatment. The innovation also opens up opportunities for advances in nuclear fusion applications.
Astronomers have found a small planet with a mass about five times that of Earth, orbiting a small star near the center of the galaxy. The discovery suggests there are many other small planets in habitable zones, where temperatures are moderate enough for liquid water to appear on their surfaces.
Researchers from Max Planck Institute used data from a popular internet game to analyze banknote movements, finding universal scaling laws that govern human travel behavior. These laws provide insight into the statistical rules governing the spread of diseases.
Researchers found that anxious fathers can increase a mother's pain experience after a caesarean delivery. Preparing the birth partner through antenatal classes and pre-operation support may reduce post-operative pain and improve the birth experience.
A recent study by Dr. Luisa Borrell at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health reveals a racial disparity in hypertension among Hispanics, suggesting that being Black within this ethnic group is associated with the highest prevalence of high blood pressure. The research highlights the importance of addressing health inequ...
A new robot system developed by Dmitry Oleynikov and colleagues enables surgeons to visualize the abdominal cavity using minimal incisions, allowing for less trauma and potentially reducing scars. The device is controlled from a console and can be inserted through small incisions, allowing for more flexibility in surgical procedures.
Astronomers have discovered the first and only icy exoplanet that matches theoretical predictions for Solar System formation. OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb orbits a small red star at an extremely close distance, with a surface temperature of -220°C, and is likely to resemble Pluto more than rocky planets like Earth.
Research highlights the impact of aerosols on ocean temperature, with manmade aerosols delaying warming by several decades. Ship emissions also make clouds brighter and higher near European harbors.
The discovery of OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb provides strong evidence that low-mass planets, potentially supporting life, are more common than Jupiter-like gas giants. Researchers hope the gravitational microlensing technique will reveal more habitable worlds in the Milky Way galaxy.
A comprehensive review of 29,000 individuals across 22 studies found that mentally stimulating leisure activities can significantly reduce dementia risk. Individuals with high brain reserve have a 46% decreased risk of dementia compared to those with low brain reserve.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have developed a method using carbon nanotubes to detect single DNA base mutations. The technique produces sensor results comparable to state-of-the-art optical techniques and has several advantages over existing methods, including cost, time, and simplicity.
A demographic analysis reveals significant disparities between damaged areas and undamaged zones, with black and poor residents facing greater odds of harm. The findings have implications for the future of the Gulf region, particularly in New Orleans.
Scientists have identified two large subglacial lakes beneath the Antarctic ice sheet, 90ºE and Sovetskaya. These lakes are estimated to be around 2,000km2 and 1,600km2 in size, respectively, and are sealed beneath over two miles of ice.
A recent study suggests that U.S. Hispanics have lower rates of high blood pressure than non-Hispanics, but this advantage disappears when race is accounted for. The research found that black Hispanics exhibit the highest prevalence of hypertension, regardless of their ethnicity.
Researchers found that Magellanic Penguins in Argentina's largest colony can handle up to 70,000 annual visitors without significant stress or harm. However, the study highlights the challenges of quantifying long-term consequences of human disturbance on wildlife.
A study by cognitive psychologists Helga Noice and Tony Noice found that actors acquire lines quickly by focusing on the character's intention, rather than just memorizing the words. This 'active experiencing' principle is effective not only for actors but also for improving memory and cognition in older adults.
Researchers found that the Runx1 gene is essential for the development and function of nociceptive sensory neurons, which are responsible for sensing pain. The study reveals that Runx1 regulates the specification of these neurons and their wiring, providing a genetic basis for chronic pain.
A study led by scientists at Einstein and Beth Israel found a significant link between the G2019S LRRK2 gene mutation and Parkinson's disease in Ashkenazi Jewish patients. The mutation was detected in 18.3% of patients, highlighting the importance of genetic counseling for early detection and diagnosis.
A new study reveals that plant metabolic rates are driven by nitrogen content, which has significant implications for understanding the global carbon cycle. By estimating nitrogen content, scientists can model plant metabolism and better assess the global plant metabolic rate.
Researchers are investigating delivering chemotherapy drugs directly to breast ducts to treat early breast cancer. Studies in rats and mice show promising results, with tumors shrinking or disappearing after treatment. The procedure aims to minimize disfigurement and spare normal tissues.
Researchers at UW-Madison have discovered a systematic mechanism for the influenza virus to package its genetic materials, enabling the development of new antiviral drugs and more efficient vaccine production. This finding has significant implications for addressing avian influenza pandemics.
Researchers used a popular internet game to study human travel patterns in the US, revealing statistical laws that can be applied to model infectious disease spread. The breakthrough model considers variables such as population density and transportation modes, offering improved predictions for future pandemics.
Researchers estimate that copper and zinc reserves are not enough to meet future demands if all nations adopt modern technologies, threatening sustainable resource use. The study suggests that scarce metals like platinum risk depletion in this century due to lack of substitutes.
A study has found that vaginal oestrogen can increase systemic oestradiol levels in women on aromatase inhibitors (AI) for breast cancer, potentially counteracting AI treatment. Researchers recommend avoiding the combination of AIs and vaginal oestrogens, except in exceptional circumstances.
The study found a 25% overall decrease in the risk of death following care in a trauma center compared to non-trauma centers. Trauma centers also showed lower mortality rates for patients one year after injury.
Despite having more free time, women experience a 'family penalty' from childcare and housework responsibilities. A study found that married women with children feel 2.2 times more rushed than single, childless women.
Astronomers have detected a rocky, icy planet about five-and-a-half times the mass of Earth, located over 20,000 light years away. The discovery was made possible by gravitational microlensing, which may lead to finding smaller planets in habitable zones around stars.
Two studies found that 44% of geneticists and 32% of other life scientists reported witholding data from colleagues, while trainees reported difficulties accessing information and resources. Data withholding was more common in highly competitive settings and associated with industry relationships.
A study using satellite data found that indigenous lands are highly effective in stopping deforestation, with some areas showing less than 1% inner deforestation rates despite high rates of outer deforestation. This contradicts the assumption that indigenous peoples will cease to protect forests with acculturation.
A renowned NJIT mathematician has been awarded the prestigious Steele Prize for his groundbreaking work on the Korteweg-de-Vries equation, a problem that had stumped mathematicians for decades. The award is a testament to Miura's innovative approach and contributions to the field of mathematics.
The year 2005 may have been the warmest year in a century, with global temperatures returning to levels seen in 1998. The Earth has warmed by 0.6° C or 1.08° F over the past 30 years and 0.8° C or 1.44° F over the past 100 years.
Research suggests that chronic drinking and smoking both lead to significant brain structural abnormalities, including reduced gray matter and neuronal injury. Chronic smoking may also hinder recovery during abstinence from alcohol, leading to impaired cognitive function.
Scientists have successfully engineered lactic acid bacteria to produce a viricide that disables HIV, paving the way for potential use as a microbicide. The genetically modified bacteria will be tested in monkeys this summer, with human trials planned for three years.
Researchers have found that common bacteria can exploit a natural mechanism to get inside cells, using receptors and nitric oxide to evade the immune system. By controlling dynamin activity through inhibition of nitric oxide synthases, new methods to prevent infections may be developed.
The project 'Engineers and the Metrics of Progress' maps engineering education in reverse chronology, tracing how engineers have responded to various ideas of progress. By analyzing these responses, researchers aim to demonstrate engineers' key role in promoting national identity worldwide.
Researchers from Livermore have determined the phase boundaries for carbon at pressures up to 20 million atmospheres and temperatures over 10,000 degrees Kelvin. The study provides results on the physical properties of carbon, essential for devising models of Neptune, Uranus, and white dwarf stars.
A large-scale analysis of stage I endometrial cancer patients reveals that adjuvant radiation therapy significantly improves overall and relative survival. Adjuvant RT shows particular benefits for patients with stage IC/grade 1 and grades 3 and 4 disease, resulting in lower death rates.
A large study found that statin use was associated with a 19% reduced risk of sepsis in patients with cardiovascular disease. The study analyzed data from over 69,000 people and suggested that statins may be used to prevent sepsis in this population.
A systematic review of 38 studies found that omega-3 fatty acid consumption was not significantly associated with reduced cancer risk for most types of cancer. However, some individual studies showed increased or decreased risk for certain cancers, such as breast, lung, and skin cancer.
A new study reveals that high fitness levels can enhance the effects of short-term hormone treatment and offset declines associated with long-term use. Researchers analyzed brain tissue volume in 54 postmenopausal women and found a significant association between higher fitness levels and greater tissue volume in key areas.
Researchers at the University of Leicester have made a breakthrough in understanding the cause of brain damage and its link to various neurological diseases. The study identified glutamate receptors as the culprit behind oligodendrocyte damage, paving the way for potential treatments to block these receptors and prevent injury.
A University of Toronto study has ruled out the theory that duck-billed dinosaurs' crests were linked to their sense of smell. The research, led by David Evans, found that the brain changed little from non-crested dinosaur ancestors, suggesting the crests may have been used for visual display or attracting mates.
Researchers have successfully treated Down syndrome in mice by restoring nerve growth in the cerebellum, a key brain region affected by the condition. The treatment, which stimulates the Hedgehog pathway, restored normal cell division rates and numbers in granule cell precursors.
A new book by Arizona State University professor Gary Ladd explores the impact of children's peer relationships on their social competence, health, and development. The book reveals that many children face challenges in forming friendships and navigating peer groups, which can lead to feelings of loneliness, anxiety, and depression.
A UCLA/Harvard study reveals that less than half of US healthcare workers receive flu shots, with lower rates among African American and younger workers. This low vaccination rate increases the likelihood of flu transmission to patients, highlighting the need for targeted educational campaigns to improve outreach and vaccination rates.
A recent study using genetic data demonstrates a drastic decline of orang-utan populations on the island of Borneo, coinciding with colonial powers' arrival and accelerated timber extraction. The research highlights the urgent need for conservation efforts to protect the species.
A study of 135 bacteria and 16 primitive microorganisms reveals large- and small-scale organizational patterns in their genomes, which are highly nonrandom. The findings suggest that evolution of prokaryotes is constrained by both gene content and genome arrangement on chromosomes.