Researchers discovered racial variations in lipid levels among HIV-1 patients on protease inhibitors, which may inform the development of tailored treatment plans. These findings could also lead to earlier initiation of lipid-modifying therapies for high-risk patients.
Researchers analyze cost-effectiveness of different screening strategies to prevent cases through contaminated blood products. Screening only during mosquito season is deemed unnecessary in states with low WNV infection rates, while creating a 'supersafe' pool of blood for vulnerable individuals may be an effective solution.
Researchers found space-time clustering of glioma tumour cases in different geographical locations, consistent with patterns caused by infections. The study suggests a possible link between infection and brain tumours, potentially leading to future preventative measures.
Researchers created a three-dimensional simulation of plant growth, simulating cell division and auxin concentrations to reveal the molecular mechanism behind phyllotaxis. The model enhances biological experiments and promises accurate models for other organisms' development from primordial stem cells.
A study at the University of Chicago Medical Center found that erectile dysfunction is a stronger predictor of significant coronary heart disease than traditional risk factors. Men with ED had reduced exercise endurance, decreased ejection fraction, and higher evidence for coronary artery blockages.
A study of focus groups with 73 participants found diverse views on healthcare, spirituality, family, and dying among different racial and ethnic groups. Cultural values and Western medical system's limitations influence these differences.
The study provides a nearly complete parts list of all the machines in yeast, including 257 previously unknown machines and new components of existing ones. It also reveals how cells dynamically assemble and disassemble machines to respond to environmental challenges.
GlycoFi researchers have made a major leap in protein bioengineering by controlling sugar structures on antibodies to boost cancer-killing ability. This approach can be applied to any therapeutic glycoprotein, and the company is poised to capitalize on the growing 20% annual growth of the therapeutic protein market.
Researchers have discovered a way to multiply adult stem cells 30-fold, offering promise for treating blood diseases and gene therapies. This breakthrough could address the limited availability of stem cells from donors.
U of MN researchers identified the specific mutation causing Spinocerebellar ataxia type 5 (SCA5), a dominant gene disorder. The discovery enables genetic testing for patients at risk, providing improved diagnoses and insight into neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers found that up to 25% of injected malaria parasites stop in lymph nodes close to the bite site, where they can interact with immune cells and degrade. While partially developed or destroyed parasites may not contribute to symptoms, their presence could affect how the immune system responds to infection.
Researchers at GlycoFi have successfully produced human-glycosylated antibodies in yeast, improving cell killing and drug characteristics. This breakthrough allows for unprecedented control and uniformity of glycosylation, enabling optimization of therapeutic proteins.
Researchers created a modified form of troponin I to improve cardiac function in mice and damaged human heart cells. The protein helps the heart respond to stress by boosting performance during periods of hardship.
Researchers isolate causes of cognitive loss following coronary artery bypass surgery, finding that minimal aortic movement significantly reduces neurological deficits. The study suggests that emboli are the cause of cognitive problems, and patients who did not use the heart-lung machine had fewer emboli.
Researchers report three cases of severe liver failure and hepatitis linked to telithromycin, a newly approved antibiotic. The study highlights the potential risk of idiosyncratic drug reactions at one medical center.
The Vilcek Foundation honors Dr. Massagué's work on controlling cell behavior and its connection to cancer development. The prize recognizes his contributions to the field of cancer biology and genetics.
Researchers found barbell-shaped bacteria in a marine pond that swim toward geomagnetic south when oxygen levels are high, contradicting the accepted model of magnetotaxis. The discovery suggests new models are needed to explain how these bacteria behave in their environment.
ICWater is a computer-based tool that integrates multiple information sources and data from incident commanders to help predict contaminant reach times for drinking water intakes. The tool is currently used by water utilities and response teams in the US, with an operational version set to be deployed nationally by summer 2006.
Elsevier celebrates its 1,000th journal with the adoption of online submission and peer-review tool EES. The rollout has significantly reduced refereeing times and completed editorial processes by an average of 9 weeks. This development enhances the work of editors and reviewers, improving service for authors and readers.
Scientists from Max Planck Institute and MIT perform atom-by-atom investigations, gaining insight into dynamic fracture instabilities. They propose a new model that explains how material properties affect crack propagation, with implications for understanding fracture in various materials and scales.
A study found that hazard mitigation grants can save up to $14 billion over 10 years by reducing property damage and loss of life. The grants also help reduce tax revenue losses due to economic disruption caused by natural hazards.
A study of 298 simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplant recipients found metabolic syndrome to be a risk factor for long-term kidney dysfunction. Patients with metabolic syndrome were 10 times more likely to experience reduced kidney function three years post-transplant compared to those without it.
Researchers found that visual details are retained in working memory despite distractions, contradicting the idea of information loss. The study suggests a specialized system for processing real scenes, with implications for understanding development, aging, and attention disorders.
A study found that patients prefer receiving both their GP letter and patient letter, as they provide valuable information. The letters were also compared for accuracy, with GPs preferring the structured format of their own letters.
Researchers at Pitt University developed a new treatment for epilepsy using radio frequency technology, which has fewer side effects than traditional treatments. The RFNS device is implanted under the skin with one surgical incision, reducing infection risk.
The collaboration aims to develop and field-test individual lessons/modules that can be incorporated within courses or used to support entire courses. The project's deliverables will benefit digital library users with improved understanding of those who build the next generation of digital library systems.
The study found that epicatechin, a flavanol present in cocoa, is directly linked to improved circulation and other hallmarks of cardiovascular health. Volunteers from the Kuna Indians, who consume large amounts of flavanol-rich cocoa, had higher levels of urinary nitric oxide compared to their mainland counterparts.
Researchers have developed a new theory that reconciles heat dissipation and electronic transport in metallic carbon nanotubes. The findings explain why shorter nanotubes can carry more current before burning apart due to efficient heat removal.
Belgian and Italian researchers developed a new imaging technique that can predict breast cancer patients' response to hormonal treatment with high accuracy. The technique uses 99mTc-depreotide scintigraphy to assess hormone sensitivity in tumors, allowing for early selection of patients likely to benefit from hormonal therapy.
The project aims to investigate high carrier frequencies of mid-infrared light for efficient communication and applications such as light-based radar devices, medical imaging, and synthesizing electronic tones. Researchers will design, build, and test thumbnail-sized chips capable of encoding data at unprecedented rates.
A recent study by UC Riverside graduate student Matthew Walsh found that harvesting large individuals from a fish population introduces genetic changes that harm the overall fish population. The remaining fish become progressively smaller, have fewer and smaller eggs with lower survival rates, and lower foraging and feeding capabilities.
Blair Rudes, a UNC Charlotte linguist, uses historical linguistics to revive the Virginia Algonquian language spoken by Native Americans in Jamestown. He reconstructs over 1,000 words and syntax to give the film authenticity.
Researchers screened 480 strains of soil bacteria for resistance to 21 antibiotics and found that all were multi-drug resistant. The study suggests that studying resistance in the soil can help predict future clinical problems and guide the development of new therapies.
A clinical trial found that epidural injections of steroids and local anaesthetics provided modest pain relief for shingles patients, but did not prevent chronic pain. The treatment was most effective during the first week after injection, but its effects were short-lived.
Astronomers have discovered two bright debris disks around nearby stars, similar to our own solar system's Kuiper Belt. These narrow disks are believed to be shaped by the presence of a star-like companion that continually grooms their edges.
The Munduruküul community in Brazil shows competence with basic concepts of topology, Euclidean geometry, and geometrical figures, even children as young as six years old performed well. The study suggests that core geometrical knowledge is a universal constituent of the human mind, independent of formal education or cultural devices.
Researchers have identified a new vitamin D-related compound that inhibits the production of c-Fos protein, which plays a key role in bone breakdown and resorption. In contrast, a nuclear protein called Tlx acts as an oxygen-sensing switch to regulate angiogenesis in retinal astrocytes.
The spread of avian influenza in Turkey highlights the need for increased global funding to combat bird flu and prevent human pandemics. Donors at the International Pledging Conference acknowledged that funds should be scaled up to address this failure, with estimated costs ranging from $1.2 billion to $1.4 billion.
A UK study reveals a correlation between women's stress levels and their career ambitions, while also highlighting the benefits of Portugal's more family-friendly policies. The research suggests that women in Britain face limited access to quality childcare and domestic help, leading to increased work-life conflict.
Researchers found two sequences in Gli1 protein that prevent its degradation, leading to accelerated tumorigenesis and shorter tumor latency. This discovery may represent a novel anticancer therapy by modulating Gli protein stability.
Research reveals that plant species in highly diverse ecosystems face reduced fruit production due to inadequate pollination. This lack of pollination hinders the survival and reproduction of plants, posing a significant threat to their extinction.
Researchers at Northwestern University have developed a new compound that selectively inhibits pro-inflammatory proteins called cytokines by glia, slowing or reversing neuroinflammatory cascade progression. The compound also restored normal synaptic function and attenuated Alzheimer's-like behavioral deficits in mice.
Mechanical engineers at Purdue University have proven that chaotic oscillations in an atomic-force microscope can cause errors in measurements, affecting the accuracy of research and industry applications. The study reveals how much error is caused by chaos and provides information that could be used to improve measurement techniques.
Researchers found that serotonin is passed between key cells in the immune system, activating an immune response. The study suggests that commonly used SSRI antidepressants could either restore healthy immune function or trigger autoimmune disease.
Researchers have discovered a way to strengthen carbon nanotubes by heating them to extreme temperatures, resulting in a nearly 280% increase in strength and a significant reduction in diameter. This breakthrough has implications for the development of high-temperature-resistant ceramics and electronics.
Researchers at Virginia Tech create sub-micron fibers from natural compounds, exhibiting porous nonwoven structure. Potential applications include drug delivery and patches for horses, showcasing the synergy of electrospinning and self-organizing molecules.
A team of students from Stevens Institute of Technology has won the 'best student paper' award at a leading IEEE conference for their innovative research on wireless spectrum policy reform. The paper proposes reduced-complexity searching algorithms to optimize wireless network performance.
A review of history and lessons from tobacco litigation inform the evaluation of potential litigation strategies against the food industry. The authors argue that public health lawsuits can encourage food companies to improve nutritional content and change marketing practices, ultimately addressing obesity issues.
Researchers found that using a low-level heat wrap therapy (CLHT) for three consecutive days significantly reduced pain intensity and improved pain relief, with benefits maintained in the follow-up period. The study showed CLHT to be a safe and effective alternative for treating acute low back pain.
Pitt researchers create tiny semiconductor islands that can confine individual electrons, a crucial step towards building a quantum computer. The achievement demonstrates the potential of nanotechnology in advancing quantum computing.
The Lancet editorial calls on UK Parliament members to consider the health implications of voting on a smoking ban. Exemptions for pubs without food service may perpetuate health inequalities and increase second-hand smoke exposure, particularly in poorer areas.
Researchers found that tropical glaciers on Mars were formed from snow brought from the polar regions, similar to Earth's mountainous regions. This discovery sheds light on past climate changes on Mars and potential pockets of ice scattered across the planet.
The study reveals that MDC1 plays a critical role in amplifying distress calls from injured DNA, triggering the repair process. This discovery provides insights into how cancer researchers can design new treatments to manage DNA damage and resist tumor formation.
Researchers have discovered a gene in barley that controls flowering time, allowing for longer growing periods and potential adaptation to UK climate conditions. This breakthrough could lead to the development of new crop varieties better suited to hot and dry summers.
A new approach eliminates some steps in conventional tanning, resulting in substantial production efficiencies and a significant reduction in pollutants. The reverse process produces comparable leather with 42% less time, 54% fewer chemicals, 42% less energy, 65% less water and up to 79% fewer emissions.
Researchers have identified vitamin D as a potential target for preventing bone loss and osteoporosis. The study suggests that vitamin D may signal anti-osteoclastogenic action, which could lead to new treatments for this condition.
Scientists have identified a key gene, ramosa2, that regulates inflorescence architecture in maize and other grasses. The ra2 gene's expression pattern is conserved across multiple species, suggesting its critical role in shaping the initial steps of inflorescence development.
Researchers found that two classes of antivirals prevented flu symptoms but not infection, and did not stop virus shedding. Dr. Tom Jefferson advises against using these drugs for seasonal influenza control, citing low effectiveness and potential adverse effects.
A UW astronomer has successfully collected a record-breaking amount of cosmic dust from comet Wild 2, which dates back to the formation of the solar system 4.6 billion years ago. The aerogel collector, which greatly reduced impact stress on particles, revealed tracks of larger particles visible from several feet away.
Women with Lynch syndrome have an equal risk of developing endometrial and colon cancers, and are at high risk for additional cancers. Prophylactic surgeries, such as hysterectomy and ovary removal, significantly reduce the risk of these two gynecological cancers.