Research at Karolinska Institutet reveals that human neocortical nerve cells do not regenerate, contradicting previous studies on apes and rodents. The new method uses atmospheric C14 levels to pinpoint cell birth times, showing no cell division took place in the neocortex from infancy to adulthood.
Researchers at Indiana University School of Medicine found that routine screening for celiac disease in asymptomatic children with Down syndrome can have negative consequences on their quality of life. The study suggests that the cost of screening and treatment may outweigh the potential benefits, making it a less beneficial practice.
A new study confirms the effectiveness of MRI-guided breast biopsy by using specimen radiography to confirm lesion removal. Whole specimen and sliced specimen radiography proved valuable in detecting lesions, identifying pathologists' findings, and locating fractured biopsy needle wires.
A comprehensive review published in Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology & Metabolism suggests that Western diets are causing hormonal imbalances in children, leading to overeating and obesity. The study attributes the rise in childhood obesity to an environment with high-calorie, low-fiber foods.
Research suggests that women's appreciation for their body is key to adopting better eating habits. According to the study, intuitive eaters reported higher levels of self-acceptance and less time spent thinking about appearance. This finding contradicts common messages that some degree of body dissatisfaction is healthy.
Researchers found two opposing mechanisms protecting cells from protein aggregation: one breaks down aggregates, while the other transforms smaller ones into less toxic high-molecular-weight aggregates. This discovery may lead to new therapies for age-related Neurodegenerative Diseases.
The College of Engineering at UC Santa Barbara has received a $2.75 million Partnerships for Research and Education in Materials (PREM) award from the National Science Foundation to partner with Jackson State University (JSU). The grant aims to develop new materials research in organic semiconductors and optical nanosystems, while focu...
Researchers studied ancient Arctic water cycles during a period of rapid, extreme global warming 55 million years ago. The study found that increased precipitation led to lower ocean salinity and drastically lower oxygen levels in the Arctic Ocean, similar to predicted effects of greenhouse gases.
Research by Phyllis Moen finds that middle class dual-earner couples are stretched thin, with fewer than one in six qualifying as 'super couples' with high quality of life. Women working in insecure jobs often face limited scheduling flexibility and control.
Montana State University has developed a massive database of wind turbine material tests, spanning over 17 years and involving 150 different composite materials. The MSU/DOE Fatigue Database for Composite Materials is now one of the world's largest open-access libraries on wind energy research.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute develop a virtual simulator that allows surgeons to practice minimally invasive surgery with actual tool handles, improving depth perception and dexterity. The system uses haptic technology to provide an immersive experience, reducing the need for cadavers and animals in training.
A survey found that one-third of Americans reject evolution, a higher figure than in European countries. Fundamentalist religions and politics play a significant role in this disparity.
A special issue of Nursing Research journal highlights innovative methods for treating tobacco dependence and practical approaches for clinical use. Nurses are widely recognized as central to global efforts to reduce the detrimental health effects of tobacco use, with training needed to deliver interventions to patients.
Research shows tadpoles respond more conservatively to predator cues during the day, but return to feeding quickly at night due to higher growth rate-to-predation risk ratio. This study highlights the importance of considering both external and internal factors in understanding prey behavior.
A new care model for bipolar disorder, developed by Brown University researchers, has shown promise in reducing manic episodes and improving quality of life. The team-based approach involves psychiatrists and nurses working together to manage symptoms, resulting in a significant reduction in symptoms and improved function.
Researchers at the University of New Hampshire found that blue mussels can recognize and respond to two invasive crab species within 15 years. In southern New England, mussels thickened their shells in response to Hemigrapsus sanguineus, while northern populations showed a delayed response.
American researchers have created a new basis for portable, multiplexed biodetection systems using silver and gold striped nanowires as supports for simultaneous immunological tests. The unique patterns of stripes act like barcodes, allowing for fast and accurate identification of multiple pathogens.
Researchers have solved a 30-year puzzle on how migratory birds integrate multiple directional cues. They found that polarized light patterns play a key role in calibrating the birds' magnetic compass, providing an independent reference system. This discovery sheds light on the complex navigation systems used by migratory birds.
Researchers found that restoring Ras-GAP activity through expression of the human NF1 GAP-related domain restored normal cardiac development in mice with Neurofibromatosis type I disease. However, this approach did not fully restore all pathologies associated with neurofibromin loss, indicating a more complex role for the protein.
A study by Salk Institute researchers reveals that aging is a critical factor in the buildup of toxic beta amyloid aggregates in the brain. The team found that cells use an unexpected two-pronged strategy to rid themselves of these aggregates, with high molecular weight species being less toxic than smaller ones.
A study by researchers at The Miriam Hospital and Brown Medical School found that breast cancer survivors who believed an unhealthy behavior contributed to their cancer were more likely to modify that behavior. The most robust relationship was found for changes in diet.
Research suggests that ACE inhibitors can reduce the risk of serious circulatory problems, including heart attack and stroke, in patients with hardening of the arteries. The benefits of ACE inhibitors for these patients are comparable to those seen in patients with existing heart failure.
In a study, researchers found that modulation of Ras activity is not the only function of neurofibromin, suggesting alternative therapeutic approaches for Neurofibromatosis type I disease. Interferon-gamma also plays a critical role in maintaining immune response balance by inducing Foxp3 and converting T cells.
A multi-year study by Texas A&M researchers found that the amount and quality of time parents spend with their children has a direct effect on children's rates of obesity. Mothers' time with children was more strongly linked to lower obesity risks, while fathers' time was associated with higher risks for older children.
The winning entry analyzed automobile manufacturers' sales data to optimize promotional activity, resulting in $2 billion savings. The prize recognizes outstanding implementation of marketing science concepts and methods in real-world applications.
Researchers at IRRI and UC Davis have identified a cluster of three genes linked to flooding vulnerability or tolerance in rice. The Sub1A gene is overexpressed, making normally intolerant varieties tolerant.
A new study reveals that Antarctic snowfall has remained stable over the past 50 years, with no statistically significant trends detected. The findings contradict climate change predictions and suggest that thickening ice sheets have not reduced sea levels.
Researchers at the Salk Institute found that specific plant hormones activate different factors rather than a common target, contradicting the long-held assumption that they converge on a central growth regulatory module. This discovery was made using gene-chip technology and analysis of microarray data from the AtGenExpress project.
Emory scientists have identified and mapped over 400,000 insertions and deletions (INDELs) in the human genome, providing an expanded view of human genetic differences. These variations differ from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and are likely to impact human health and disease susceptibility.
Researchers continue studying aging and cognition decline with a $6.2 million grant to investigate biological changes that contribute to age-related cognitive decline. The study will focus on hormones such as human growth hormone and IGF-1, which have shown to improve learning and memory in older animals.
The University of Pennsylvania researchers found that some of the simplest social networks function poorly and that information beyond a local view can hinder complicated networks' ability to accomplish tasks. In contrast, engineered or hierarchical structures proved easier for subjects to solve problems.
Researchers uncover a unique population of cells within the sebaceous gland, which produce and maintain the oily mixture called sebum. The discovery sheds new light on how stem cells renew and differentiate, with implications for understanding sebaceous gland disorders.
A new study shows that anakinra, a rare arthritis drug, brings marked improvement to children and young adults with the devastating inflammatory disease NOMID. The treatment reduces inflammation, improves symptoms, and has a significant impact on the central nervous system.
A study by the University of Alberta found that forest fires can cause substantial increases in human health risks, resulting in mortality risk, restricted activity days, and acute respiratory symptoms. The study estimated economic losses of $9-12 million from a 2001 fire in Chisholm, Alberta.
The new $4 million collaboration will develop a cybernose using sensor proteins from insects and nematodes, allowing for more accurate smell detection in the wine industry. The technology has potential to detect pests and diseases, boosting Australia's biosecurity.
A new experimental RNA-based drug has been shown to kill prostate cancer cells by targeting specific genes and inducing cell death. The treatment, developed at Duke University Medical Center, was tested in mice and found to shrink tumor size by half without causing any side effects.
A study by University College London researchers found that canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT) originated in a single wolf over 1,000 years ago and has since spread globally. The tumour cells are transmitted between dogs during sex, challenging current thinking about cancer.
A study published in BMC Public Health found that drug users who were coerced into treatment had a higher risk of dropping out. The proportion of individuals who completed treatment decreased from 5.8% to 3.5% between 1998 and 2002, while the number of re-presentations increased by 48.6%
Scientists have developed a new light microscope that can image cellular proteins with near-molecular resolution, surpassing conventional optical microscopes. This technique, called photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM), allows researchers to discriminate molecules separated by as little as two to 25 nanometers apart.
A new study from the University of Washington found that children of smokers are more likely to smoke, binge drink or use marijuana in adolescence and adulthood. The study also discovered a link between substance use by parents and their children's behavior problems, with a transmission link observed across generations.
A new analysis of data from twin satellites reveals that Greenland's ice sheet is losing ice at a rate five times faster than the previous year and a half. The rapid loss of ice primarily affects one shoreline, potentially impacting ocean circulation and global sea levels.
A recent study found that positive religious resources can enhance hope and perceived social support in heart surgery patients, leading to less depression and anxiety. Negative religious thoughts and struggles hinder recovery, while faith-based positive coping styles provide a protective mechanism against psychological distress.
A team of computer scientists calls for an interdisciplinary approach to tap the Web's full richness, exploring its social and policy implications while ensuring trustworthiness and respect for boundaries. The 'science of the Web' aims to bring informative resources to the Web through enhanced searchability and usability.
A study published in the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry identified nine genetic regions associated with successful aging, with some affecting men and women differently. Lifestyle factors such as smoking and excessive drinking also played a significant role in successful aging.
Researchers at UNC Health Care identified the cellular system that degrades faulty CFTR protein in cystic fibrosis, allowing some proteins to regain their proper shape. This understanding provides insight into potential therapeutics aimed at curing the disease.
UK doctors report a case where a patient's vision was severely damaged by taking prednisolone purchased online for four years. The authors highlight the risks of counterfeit and unregulated medications sold on the internet, which may interact with other treatments or have side effects.
Researchers found that a form of cancer affecting dogs is spread through the transmission of tumor cells, with evidence pointing to its origins in wolves or closely related ancient dog breeds. The disease has been transmitted among dogs for at least two centuries and has adapted to evade immune responses.
The Mayo Clinic team has developed a consensus statement recommending the use of pamidronate over zoledronic acid for starting therapy, and stopping or reducing bisphosphonates after two years for safe management of multiple myeloma. The guidelines aim to minimize adverse reactions while maintaining effective bone disease prevention.
A new study found that open-mindedness predicts higher intelligence in young adults, while disagreeableness is linked to better vocabulary and knowledge retention in older age. Conscientiousness also plays a role in strong short-term memory and visual processing in older adults.
A trachoma control programme using the SAFE strategy, which combines surgery, antibiotics, facial cleanliness, and environmental change, significantly reduced active trachoma prevalence by 92% in two districts. The study highlights the potential for this approach to also benefit other communicable diseases like diarrhoea and pneumonia.
Using single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), researchers observed the life cycle of RecA, a DNA recombination protein found in E. coli. They discovered that both ends of the filament continually grow and shrink, with one end growing primarily in one direction.
A recent study by Ohio State University researcher Tracy Tylka found that men are under immense pressure to have muscular bodies, which can lead to symptoms of eating disorders and unhealthy behaviors. The study of 285 college men showed that those who felt more pressure to be muscular were more likely to engage in unhealthy habits.
Researchers from Ohio State University and international partners assembled a 50-year record of snowfall in Antarctica, contradicting assumptions in some climate change models. The study suggests that global sea levels have not been slowed by a thickening of ice sheets.
Researchers have successfully induced differentiated adult cells to behave like embryonic stem cells using only four factors. The discovery could revolutionize the treatment of diseases such as Parkinson's and diabetes by providing a direct source of pluripotent cells from patients' own cells.
A new study from Michigan Medicine found that managing early pregnancy failures in an office setting is an acceptable option for many women, with lower costs and longer procedures compared to operating room procedures. Women opted for the office procedure reported higher pain levels but no major complications.
Researchers discovered that Herceptin is effective in treating breast cancer tumors with low or undetectable HER-2 levels but high HRG expression. Continuous production of HRG activates the HER-2 receptor, promoting tumor growth and proliferation.
University of Michigan researchers found that invasive cattails alter the environment in ways that hinder native species but benefit the invaders. The cattails' litter accumulation creates a different environment with higher nutrient levels and lower light, which favors the invaders' growth.
A new analysis of ocean-floor sediments collected near the North Pole reveals that the Arctic was extremely warm, unusually wet, and ice-free during a prehistoric period 55 million years ago. The findings suggest that massive amounts of greenhouse gases were released into the Earth's atmosphere during this time.
Researchers are investigating antioxidants for preventing or treating rickettsia bacteria, a deadly tick-borne illness. The study, funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, aims to identify novel therapeutic targets for rickettsial diseases.
A new species of hoofed mammal, Hemihegetotherium trilobus, has been discovered in Bolivia with distinctive three-lobed lower molar teeth. The animal is believed to have lived around 13 million years ago and was part of the notoungulate group, which dominated South America before its extinction.