Scientists have discovered that thawed loess permafrost in Siberia and Alaska contains a large amount of carbon, with approximately 500 Gt of carbon stored. This finding is significant as it suggests that the thawing of this type of permafrost could release substantial amounts of carbon into the atmosphere over the next century.
Researchers found a significant decrease in muscle cramps with Pycnogenol supplementation, including a 25% reduction for normal crampers and a 40% reduction for those with venous insufficiency. The study also showed improved blood flow to muscle tissue, reducing pain in patients with diabetic microangiopathy.
The number of hip fractures worldwide is projected to rise from 1.7 million in 1990 to 6.3 million in 2050, with estimated annual costs reaching $131.5 billion globally and $30 billion in the EU.
The IADR has reinstated the Isaac Schour Memorial Award, a prestigious award that recognizes outstanding scientific contributions in anatomic sciences. The award will be funded at the same level as other IADR Distinguished Scientist Awards and will consist of a $2,000 prize and a plaque.
Fossil specimens of a near-modern bird, Gansus yumenensis, found in northwestern China, indicate that early birds likely evolved in an aquatic environment. The findings suggest that these early modern birds were similar to ducks or loons, with webbed feet and bony knees.
Researchers found that GM-CSF and TNF-alpha induce the phosphorylation of a serine residue on NADPH oxidase, priming it for action at sites of inflammation. This prime may be targeted with drugs to prevent exaggerated neutrophil responses in inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.
A phase I clinical trial reveals nilotinib has a relatively favorable safety profile and demonstrates activity against drug-resistant CML, with notable improvements in chronic phase CML patients. However, the agent shows less activity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients and may require careful monitoring for cardiac events.
Research shows that dietary caloric restriction, particularly low carbohydrate intake, can reduce beta-amyloid peptides and promote a longevity program in the brain. This study suggests that calorie restriction may be a potential preventive strategy for Alzheimer's Disease.
Researchers found increased dopamine levels in the dorsal striatum, a part of the brain involved in desire and motivation, when cocaine addicts watched a video featuring people using cocaine. This increase was associated with craving levels and largest in severely addicted subjects.
The study suggests that traditional restoration projects may face less support due to climate change, and that new approaches are needed. The authors recommend considering the implications of climate change on restoration practice.
Researchers at Joslin Diabetes Center found that circulating bone-marrow derived cells do not produce oocytes or facilitate their ovulation. The study used a parabiotic mouse model and hormones to stimulate ovulation, demonstrating that oocytes are not seeded by blood-borne cells.
Dasatinib successfully circumvents Gleevec resistance in 68 of 84 patients, providing new options for CML treatment. The drug works in advanced stages of the disease and shows durable responses with no serious side effects.
A new study by Mayo Clinic researchers found that pesticide use increases the risk of Parkinson's disease in men, with a higher likelihood of exposure compared to women. The study matched individuals with Parkinson's disease to those without, assessing exposure via farming occupation or hobbies.
The University of Warwick is launching a butterfly farming project in Guyana to preserve the local rainforest. The project aims to enhance the livelihoods of indigenous communities by developing a low-tech butterfly farming industry, which will also conserve the rainforest habitat.
Researchers found Sprycel to be extremely effective in combating Gleevec resistance, with a major cytogenetic response reported in 45% of chronic phase patients. The drug works by binding to mutant proteins and inhibiting tyrosine kinases, offering CML patients a new treatment option.
Researchers at Stanford University argue that private investors can help solve global infrastructure problems with secure investments and fair returns. The Collaboratory for Research on Global Projects has discussed ways to improve infrastructure investment security and encourage private shareholders.
The study found that smaller Eastern European states were more vulnerable to US influence due to their dependence on stronger partners. In contrast, Western European states' public opinions played little role in shaping their foreign policy positions.
A recent study found that microorganisms can degrade relatively stable forms of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), making them more toxic. This process could render current and planned bans of the most toxic forms of PBDEs ineffective, scientists warn.
Researchers successfully created a hybrid butterfly species in the lab, with offspring exhibiting traits from both parent species. The discovery sheds light on the rare phenomenon of homoploid hybrid speciation in animals and has implications for our understanding of species formation.
The study, led by Dr Nathaniel Daw and Dr John O'Doherty, used fMRI scans to measure brain activity while subjects gambled for money. Most people switch between exploring and exploiting strategies seamlessly, making it hard to distinguish between them.
Researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University developed a new vascular graft material combining polydioxanone and elastin fibers, ideal for strength and tissue regeneration. The material undergoes slow degradation, causing few adverse reactions and promoting cell recognition and interaction with the body.
A new study by the University of Cincinnati found that infants exposed to specific airborne fungal spores have a higher risk of developing multiple allergies. The research team collected fungal spores from 144 infant homes and found that some fungi may cause allergic sensitization, while others inhibit allergy development.
Researchers at SickKids have discovered that stem cells found in adult skin can generate Schwann cells that can myelinate demyelinated axons and provide a growth environment for injured central nervous system axons. This breakthrough has the potential to treat nerve injuries, demyelination disorders such as multiple sclerosis, and spin...
Aberrant V(D)J recombination is found to be more common than thought, generating chromosomal abnormalities in human lymphomas. The study estimates that this process results in approximately 10,000 transpositions per day for the average adult.
Researchers at Salk Institute and Stanford University found that axon degeneration after injury involves different mechanisms than normal developmental pruning. The Wlds protein has been shown to slow degeneration in cut axons, and its conservation across species suggests general mechanisms for preserving nerve function.
Researchers discovered that nicotine activates specific receptors in dopamine-producing neurons, leading to increased responsiveness and triggering exploratory behaviors. The study suggests a hierarchical role of two receptor subunits in regulating the response to nicotine.
Broca's area plays a crucial role in organizing actions and processing hierarchical structures, according to researchers Etienne Koechlin and Thomas Jubault. Their experiments found that this executive function is distinct from the organization of temporal sequences of actions.
Guyton, a renowned pediatric ophthalmologist, has been awarded the ARVO's Weisenfeld Award for his exceptional work on strabismus and amblyopia. He is also a respected educator and leader in the vision community, with numerous awards and honors to his name.
Researchers found that elevated RBP4 levels are closely associated with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Exercise therapy can lower RBP4 levels and improve insulin sensitivity in individuals at risk of diabetes.
A Mailman School of Public Health study reveals that even low doses of arsenic in drinking water can increase the risk of skin lesions. Researchers found that participants exposed to well water with arsenic concentrations as low as 50 ug/l were at higher risk, particularly men and those with normal body mass index.
A study found that manual chest compressions were more effective than automated devices in treating out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. The research, published in JAMA, also showed that the device associated with worse neurological outcomes in survivors.
A new theory suggests that two-thirds of people diagnosed with schizophrenia have suffered physical or sexual abuse, making it a major cause of the illness. The research argues that trauma, not just genetic predisposition, contributes to schizophrenic symptoms.
Researchers develop a program that automatically generates 3D models from a single photograph, improving object recognition and understanding of geometric context. By teaching computers to spot visual cues that differentiate between vertical and horizontal surfaces, they create a breakthrough in computer vision research.
Researchers from NYU's Department of Chemistry and the Department of Radiology have successfully decorated virus particles with gadolinium chelates, resulting in a very intense signal in clinical MRI scans. This study validates hypotheses on the effect of particle size on MRI contrast agent effectiveness.
The production and distribution of counterfeit antimalarial drugs pose a significant threat to public health, particularly in poor and developing countries. Researchers are calling for stricter regulations and detection methods to combat the issue, which has serious implications for malaria control efforts.
A University of Manchester team has discovered a protein potentially involved in the spread of tumors. The researchers believe their findings could lead to new approaches to treating breast cancer by blocking the protein's actions.
CS-Keys, a new company formed by Indiana University faculty, is developing an early diagnostic tool for breast cancer using a biomarker that distinguishes healthy cells from cancerous cells. The technology has the potential to improve diagnosis and treatment outcomes, making it easier to detect cancer in its earliest stages.
A recent study found that major pancreatic cancer surgery can be successfully performed on patients in their 80s, 90s, and older with comparable five-year survival rates to the general population. This challenges common misconceptions about the suitability of elderly patients for such surgery.
The ESF task force identifies three research avenues to generate clean fuels from solar radiation: extending photovoltaic technology, constructing biomimetic devices, and tuning natural systems. These efforts aim to develop sustainable energy supply, reduce human ecological footprint, and mitigate climate change.
Researchers at UB aim to improve heart function in hibernating myocardium using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The study will investigate the effects of aging on MSC potency and develop optimized therapeutics for managing chronic coronary artery disease.
The LBD-CPR device's effectiveness is influenced by its use details, including patient population selection and deployment timing. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests claim over 1,000 daily US lives.
A study of 7-11 year olds reveals that celebrities, including David Beckham, have a greater impact on their interests than branded products. Children see Beckham as both a hero and villain, using his actions to understand right and wrong.
The program will focus on training field workers, park managers, and community leaders in environmental conservation and management. Yale University has received a $4.8M gift from the Lisbet Rausing Charitable Fund to develop a systematic, integrated program of training and education in tropical regions.
The Stevens Institute of Technology has launched its list of 100 Greatest Science Books, featuring prominent works such as The Varieties of Religious Experience by William James and A Brief History of Time by Stephen Hawking. Readers are encouraged to engage with the list, share their opinions, and nominate additional candidates.
Researchers suggest that cholesterol-lowering drugs like statins could be useful in treating and preventing severe complications of the flu during a pandemic. Statins have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects that may also benefit people with influenza, making them a potential alternative to vaccines.
Researchers found evidence of reactive chlorine chemistry in surface air, estimating it creates 5-8 parts per billion of maximum daily ozone level. Chlorine levels fluctuate with little regularity and its cause remains unknown.
Nearly 20% of Canadians work on weekends, mostly in the service sector, with most being female due to part-time and temporary job trends. The unsocial schedule can lead to stress, physical and mental health problems, and decreased productivity.
A new experimental vaccine has shown significant protective effects against multiple H5N1 strains in lab animals. The two-dose vaccination schedule induced higher levels of antibodies that were cross-reactive to various viruses, suggesting a potential solution for stockpiling vaccines during pandemics.
Researchers at LSUHSC discovered unique RNAs in centrosomes that govern cell division and genetic stability. The findings have broad implications for understanding eukaryotic evolution and potentially developing new cancer treatments.
Researchers at Georgia Tech have developed new high-throughput ionization techniques to quantify the composition of counterfeit anti-malarials. These techniques, DESI and DART, allow for rapid screening and improved sensitivity, with potential applications in drug quality control and malaria control.
A new study found that non-Hispanic blacks have the best hearing thresholds among three major ethnic groups in the US, with Mexican Americans falling in between. The median hearing levels of U.S. adults have not changed significantly since the early 1970s, despite increased noise sources.
A study of 149 smokers found that those with extensive facial wrinkles were five times more likely to develop COPD, with triple the risk of severe emphysema. The researchers suggest that facial wrinkling may be a common susceptibility factor for smoking-related lung disease.
A Mayo Clinic study found that acupuncture significantly improved symptoms of fibromyalgia in patients, including fatigue and anxiety. The study's results lend credence to the effectiveness of non-traditional methods in improving health.
A randomized study found that victims of sudden cardiac arrest were more likely to survive manual CPR rather than mechanical chest compressions. The study, conducted in five North American cities, involved over 1,000 participants and showed a significant difference in survival rates between the two groups.
Researchers found that women's brains responded with stronger electrical activity when viewing erotic images than non-erotic content, regardless of its pleasantness or disturbance level. The study suggests that the brain processes erotic material differently, potentially due to evolutionary factors.
Infertility risk in women with ulcerative colitis increases significantly after ileal pouch anal anastomosis surgery, according to a meta-analysis. The study found that the risk of infertility tripled to 48% after the procedure, with no obvious factors contributing to this increased risk.
Researchers present findings on the impact of stress, puberty, and prenatal programming on brain development and behavior. The studies explore the role of oxytocin in reducing stress during marital conflict and examine the effects of chronic stress on brain mechanisms.
The Yale University-developed technology has shown higher sensitivity and specificity than current commercially available tests for early-stage ovarian cancer. The technology, which analyzes serum proteins associated with cancer biology, will be developed and commercialized by SurExam to improve the health of women in China.
A multicenter study found no significant difference in survival rates between automated LDB-CPR and manual CPR after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. However, another study showed improved outcomes with the use of an automated device, including higher survival rates to hospital discharge.
Researchers found three patients over 65 with extensive intestinal surgery developing vitamin A deficiency despite taking supplements. Vitamin A injections improved vision within days, highlighting the growing concern of vitamin A deficiency in affluent countries.