Researchers found that hospital caregivers need to tailor their resuscitations to a patient's situation, with respiratory failure more common than arrhythmia in adults. The study suggests that CPR may succeed more often than physicians believe, leading to better survival rates and neurological outcomes for children and adults.
Researchers at UVA Health System are investigating a novel approach to combat chronic kidney disease by targeting inflammation with adenosine drugs. Preliminary results show promising decreases in inflammation, urinary protein loss, and kidney scarring.
Researchers found a strong link between smoking, HLA-DR SE genes, and anticitrulline antibodies in early rheumatoid arthritis patients. Smoking significantly raises RA risk for individuals testing positive for these antibodies, regardless of SE gene status.
A new study by Matthew Gentzkow and Jesse M. Shapiro finds that media bias arises from a desire to maximize reputation, rather than personal beliefs or values. The authors argue that supporting the growth of independent media in competitive markets can counteract this bias.
The Stardust spacecraft is returning to Earth after a 2.88 billion-mile journey, carrying samples of comet Wild 2 and interstellar dust. The samples are expected to provide key information on the formation of the solar system 4.6 billion years ago.
Research shows female rats less sensitive to sedating effects of alcohol, cycling hormonal levels mediate effects; adult women may become less sensitive to sedation as they mature. The study emphasizes the need to explore how factors associated with the estrous cycle affect sex differences in alcohol's effects.
Researchers have developed a new system of 'self-exploding' microcapsules that can release medication without external triggers. This technology has the potential to transform how vaccines are administered, allowing for more efficient and targeted treatments.
Two new studies uncover significant associations between certain autoimmune disorders and an increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Meanwhile, a separate study suggests that consuming carbonated soft drinks may decrease the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma, contrary to previous findings.
The University of Iowa and Universidad de Puerto Rico's Summer Institute for Mathematics programs have successfully increased diversity among U.S. graduate students from underrepresented minority groups, with notable retention rates and career outcomes.
A meta-analysis of 36 clinical trials reveals that optimal radiation therapy significantly improves patient survival rates in breast cancer patients. The analysis found a 2.9% and 6.4% absolute increase in survival at 5 and 10 years, respectively.
Researchers at Yale University found no direct evidence to support the theory that carbonated soft drinks contribute to esophageal adenocarcinoma risk. Instead, they discovered an inverse association between diet soda consumption and reduced risk of this cancer subtype in men and women.
A nine-year study found that alcohol deterrents can help patients achieve long-term abstinence, with an abstinence rate of over 50 percent. The study suggests that the psychological role of ADs plays a key role in relapse prevention and maintenance of abstinence.
A study found that nearly half of patients treated with the PC combination experienced a clinical benefit, including stable disease and tumor size reduction. Researchers believe this combination has a beneficial role, especially for patients with poor treatment outcomes.
A new study has challenged previous reports that cannibalism played a significant role in shaping the human genome. The research, published in Genome Research, found a deficit of intermediate frequency variants in the PRNP gene, suggesting a complex history of episodic or fluctuating selection.
The FDA has approved the first medical device using a Rutgers-developed biomaterial for hernia repairs. The device features a partially degradable polymer that facilitates precise placement and reduces implant material following resorption. This approval represents a major breakthrough for regenerative medicine.
Researchers discovered that substances produced in the body called endocannabinoids, which are present in bones and other tissues, help preserve bone density. A new synthetic compound has been developed to activate CB2 receptors, slowing osteoporosis development without psychoactive side effects.
Researchers analyzed data from over 5,000 premature births and found that black baby girls were twice as likely to survive compared to white baby boys. Baby girls also had a significant survival advantage when born weighing less than 1,000 grams.
Between 14 and 26 percent of psychotropic medication visits lacked a mental health diagnosis, sparking concern about trend's impact. Pharmaceutical companies' spending on TV advertising increased six-fold between 1996 and 2000.
A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials found that statins did not reduce the incidence of cancer or cancer death. The study evaluated 86,936 participants and 26 trials, with no reductions noted for specific types of cancer.
A large study of over 4000 participants found no association between statin use and reduced risk of colorectal cancer. The researchers noted that if statins strongly reduced the risk, any cholesterol-lowering drug would likely show some reduction in risk due to shared users.
A two-year study of patients with early, aggressive RA demonstrates the superiority of anti-TNF plus DMARD therapy over either treatment alone. Nearly half of participants in the combined therapy group achieved major clinical remission after 2 years.
Kleinerman's research highlights three key findings: the necessity test, extraordinary circumstances, and the separation of personal feelings from official duty. These lessons are crucial in understanding the proper role of executive power in a constitutional system during crisis situations.
A new set of guidelines aims to help care for children during emergencies, with a focus on simplifying treatment protocols and addressing special needs. The guidelines will be based on existing clinical protocols and are designed to be accessible to community health workers and volunteers.
A long-term study found that a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet did not lead to weight gain in postmenopausal women. The study, which followed 48,835 women for an average of 7.5 years, showed that the intervention group maintained a modest weight loss and showed no increase in weight over time.
A recent study published in JAMA found that administering L-arginine to patients following a first ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) does not reduce vascular stiffness or improve ejection fraction. In fact, the study suggests that older patients taking L-arginine may be at an increased risk of death after a heart attack.
Research suggests that oral contraceptives may cause chronic elevation in sex hormone binding globulin levels, leading to reduced unbound testosterone and potential long-standing health problems. This can result in decreased desire, arousal, lubrication, and increased sexual pain in women.
A study found that across-the-board price increases may not lead to a decrease in alcohol sales. Instead, individuals tend to switch to cheaper alternatives, potentially increasing overall consumption. The research highlights the importance of considering consumer choice and beverage quality when implementing policy interventions.
Researchers Bocquet-Appel and Naji found a sudden 20-30% increase in birth rates worldwide during the Neolithic period, as indicated by an abrupt change in skeletal evidence. This finding corroborates a global demographic transition, with archaeological evidence showing parallels between Europe, North Africa, and the Americas.
The Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial found that a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet did not result in weight gain among postmenopausal women. Instead, participants lost about 5 pounds initially and weighed less than the control group after 9 years.
The study found that Chlamydial infection was common in both heterosexual and homosexual men with NGU, with C. trachomatis and M. genitalium being associated with unprotected vaginal sex. Oral-genital contact may be an important mechanism of NGU pathogen transmission, according to the findings.
A recent study published in Archives of General Psychiatry found a significant link between genetic risk factors and myelin breakdown in the brain. The research suggests that assessing myelin health through MRI may help identify individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease, allowing for targeted prevention strategies.
A new UCSF study found that obesity is a significant risk factor for kidney failure, with the morbidly obese having up to seven times greater risk than normal-weight individuals. The research, published in Annals of Internal Medicine, suggests that weight loss may be a potential way to reduce kidney failure risk.
Research suggests that people in middle-income areas are more likely to respond to depression treatment than those in low-income areas. The study found an inverse relationship between median household income and suicidality, with low-income areas having a higher risk of suicidal behavior.
A US study found that young people who viewed more alcohol ads drank more alcohol, even those under 21. The study controlled for other factors like total sales and advertising spending.
A promising new therapy has been approved by the FDA for patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis, offering improved lives through reduced inflammation and increased mobility. Nearly 70% of patients experienced clinical response and remission within a year of treatment.
A study of 768 US children found that those living in neighborhoods perceived as less safe were more likely to be overweight. Parents' perceptions of neighborhood safety were not affected by other factors, suggesting a direct link between environment and child weight.
The Cambridge Templeton Consortium has received $2.8 million to investigate the emergence of biological complexity through various fields, including molecular biology, social sciences, and philosophy. Researchers will explore questions about the development of intelligence, human self-awareness, and design in nature.
59% of general internists, 60% of subspecialists participated to improve professional image and update medical knowledge. The survey also found that 69% of general internists believed board-certified physicians are more competent than non-certified ones.
Scientists use hydrophones to distinguish sounds made by different whale species, finding rare right whale sightings in the Gulf of Alaska and distinct 'dialects' among species. The study also reveals surprisingly robust populations of sperm whales during winter months.
A survey of internists reveals the most common reasons for recertification are to maintain professional image and update knowledge. In contrast, a review finds no evidence that oral nutritional supplements help elderly patients in a home setting. Meanwhile, unsupervised walking at home can slow decline from peripheral arterial disease.
Researchers found a correlation between obstetric complications and anorexia nervosa, with specific complications increasing the risk of developing the disorder. The study suggests that prenatal factors may contribute to the development of eating disorders by impairing neurodevelopment or causing neonatal brain damage.
Researchers analyzed chemicals in elephant tail hair to determine their diet and movements, revealing the need for secure habitats to protect endangered species. The study aims to inform land use planning and minimize conflicts between humans and elephants.
Research suggests that structural brain imaging can identify high-risk individuals for developing dementia, even before cognitive symptoms appear. People with severe amygdalar or hippocampal atrophy have the highest risk of developing dementia.
Researchers have discovered a novel strategy for enhancing HIV vaccination by silencing the SOCS1 molecule in dendritic cells, which can induce a good memory immune response and boost the potency of HIV DNA vaccination. This approach has potential for therapeutic and prophylactic vaccines against HIV and other pathogens.
Researchers have discovered that cannabinoid receptors, particularly CB2, play a crucial role in regulating bone density and reducing the risk of osteoporosis. The study found that mice with a specific gene defect exhibit lower bone density, while patients carrying a variant of the CB2 gene have a three-fold higher risk of osteoporosis.
The use of underwater listening devices has yielded surprising discoveries about the movements and calling behavior of endangered large whales in Alaskan waters. These devices have enabled scientists to detect and recognize whale calls over tens of miles, providing new insights into the seasonal habits of these marine mammals.
A systematic review of cardiovascular disease research reveals that most studies fail to account for ethnic diversity, leading to inadequate representation of minority groups. Researchers urge urgent action in Europe to ensure inclusive research practices and relevance to all population segments.
A Northwestern University study found that self-directed walking exercise at least three times a week slows the decline of physical abilities in people with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Participants with the worst PAD at the start of the study were most likely to benefit from this type of regular exercise program.
A new HIV vaccine strategy involves removing the natural immune system's 'brake' to enhance anti-HIV responses, showing promise for improved treatment and prevention. The approach uses a molecule called SOCS1 to regulate immune cells and boost antibody and T-cell responses.
A study of 13,041 cystic fibrosis patients found that those enrolled in clinical trials showed a slower decline in lung function compared to non-participants. The authors suggest that access to better healthcare through more office visits may be the key reason for this difference.
A recent study suggests that individuals with a family history of lung cancer are at increased risk, with approximately a two-to-threefold higher chance of developing the illness. Researchers recommend identifying high-risk populations through data collection on family history and genetic susceptibility to facilitate targeted screening...
Researchers have discovered a new radiotherapy technique using gadolinium to treat glioblastoma (GBM) with minimal invasiveness. The therapy, called Gadolinium Synchrotron Stereotactic Radiotherapy (GdSSR), targets cancer cells while sparing normal brain tissue, offering a potential cure for this deadly disease.
A long-term population-based study found that adults do not experience an increased risk of suicidal behavior after starting antidepressants. The study analyzed over 65,000 patients and discovered a significant decline in suicide attempts following treatment initiation.
Wisconsin scientists have developed a culture system free of animal cells, growing two new human embryonic stem cell lines. The new lines survive for over seven months in the defined medium, showing promise for therapeutic use. However, further work is needed to understand chromosome stability during long-term culture.
Researchers in antidepressant studies focus on symptoms to gauge remission, while patients prioritize factors like positive mental health and return to usual functioning. Studies suggest that patients consider multiple factors beyond symptom disappearance to determine remission from depression.
The study found that 12.3% of participants had night eating syndrome, which was more common in obese patients and those with substance abuse issues. The condition is often associated with life stress and depression, and mental health practitioners need to screen for and treat it.
About a third of participants reached remission or virtual absence of symptoms, while nearly two thirds remained treatment-resistant. The study, STAR*D, included 2,876 participants and was conducted over six years.
A recent study published in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association found that eating breakfast every day or some days was significantly protective against overweight in adolescents with obese parents. Additionally, nutrition education is crucial for successful weight loss among low-income women, particularly when combined wit...
A third of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) fully recovered from symptoms after initial treatment with antidepressant medication. Nearly 47% showed a response rate, with one in three achieving symptom-free state.
A four-month study found that art therapy sessions improved eight out of nine symptoms in cancer patients, with significant reductions in pain, tiredness, and anxiety. Patients reported feeling energized and benefited from the creative process as a form of expression.