Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have developed a new PET radioligand, [11C]JHU75528, which allows for noninvasive visualization of central cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the human and animal brain. This breakthrough could lead to the development of new medications for treating obesity and drug dependence.
A study by Irwin L. Morris found no link between various forms of non-lottery gambling and income equality. Slot machine parlors to lotteries were examined for their effects on social inequality across the US from 1976-1995.
Rutgers University researcher John Sinko has received a $1.7 million NIH MERIT award to continue his research on nanotechnology-based, targeted drug delivery systems for treating HIV-infected cells. The funding will support the design, development, and testing of novel anti-HIV drug delivery systems.
Researchers discovered that an aspirin-like drug called sodium para-aminosalicylic acid dramatically reduces symptoms of manganese intoxication. The treatment has been shown to reverse Parkinson-type symptoms even 17 years after initial exposure.
New research finds ancient oil droplets containing biomarkers from eukaryotes and cyanobacteria that lived before the planet's glaciation, contradicting previous theories. The study suggests oxygen was produced long before the atmosphere became oxygenated, supporting life in extreme conditions.
Researchers at the University of Virginia Health System developed a new test for peripheral arterial disease (PAD) using MR spectroscopy, a technique from the 1970s. The test measures phosphocreatine recovery time in leg muscles after exercise, indicating PAD severity and potential complications.
A study published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute found that screening for lung cancer can lead to overdiagnosis, resulting in unnecessary treatment and harm. The study suggests that mass screening may not be beneficial for public health due to the potential for overdiagnosis bias.
A new study by Dr. Judith S. Hochman's group demonstrates that some patients who quickly received invasive treatment with angioplasty or open-heart surgery to bypass clogged coronary arteries survive long-term, and the superiority of this treatment is sustained over time.
A randomized controlled trial found that HPV testing combined with liquid-based cytology increased sensitivity by 47% compared to conventional pap smears, but also led to a 60% increase in false positives. HPV testing alone showed a 40% increase in sensitivity and a smaller decrease in specificity.
A 10-year study by U-M researchers found that women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations who underwent breast-conserving surgery and hormonal treatment had lower rates of breast cancer recurrence. Tamoxifen reduced the risk of same-breast recurrence by 58 percent, while oophorectomy lowered the risk even further.
Scientists have rediscovered two Critically Endangered frog species in the El Dorado Nature Reserve in Colombia, providing a glimmer of hope for saving these endangered species from extinction. The reserve's protection is timely, as the region has recently been affected by a fungal disease that has wiped out many amphibian populations.
Researchers discovered that supernova remnants in the Small Magellanic Cloud contain up to one-hundredth the amount of dust predicted by current theories. This finding suggests alternative sites of dust formation, such as massive star winds, may be more important contributors to primordial galaxies. The study provides a unique test of ...
Researchers used FLT PET to monitor treatment response in DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP chemotherapy. Treatment led to temporary increases in FLT uptake, indicating increased DNA synthesis and tumor cell proliferation. This suggests that FLT PET may be a sensitive tool for differentiating non-responding tumors.
A study found that cancer drug ads are often difficult to read, prioritizing effectiveness over safety. The ads typically featured large text highlighting benefits, with side effects and risks presented in smaller font.
A study found that pre-menopausal African American women are more likely to have the basal-like breast cancer subtype, which is more aggressive and lacks targeted treatment options. The researchers also noted a higher mortality rate among younger African American women with this subtype.
The D-SPECT camera reduces image acquisition times by an order of magnitude, provides better image quality, and enables simultaneous multi-isotope imaging for more versatile diagnostics. This technology also offers personalized diagnostics taking into account patient-specific physical information.
A recent clinical trial has shown that heart attack patients with cardiogenic shock who undergo emergency angioplasty or bypass surgery within six hours experience improved long-term survival rates compared to those receiving intensive medical therapy. The study enrolled 302 patients and found significant benefits from early revascular...
Research from Cornell University suggests that completing high school is associated with reduced smoking rates, particularly for women whose mothers completed more schooling. However, no significant impact on weight was found, with male high school completers actually being more likely to be overweight.
A study by McMaster University researchers found that treating pneumonia in nursing homes can significantly reduce hospitalizations and quality of life issues. By following a defined clinical pathway, hospital admissions were reduced by over half and cost savings reached $1,200 per resident.
Researchers discovered that overexpressing a gene called uPA in mammary cancer cells can delay tumor progression and inhibit the formation of new blood vessels, leading to slower tumor growth. The study also suggests that uPA expression may have anti-cancer effects by reducing angiogenesis and proliferation.
Researchers found that a new drug, imatinib, destroys the blood vessels that feed prostate cancer cells, preventing tumor growth and metastasis. In a mouse model, tumors were significantly reduced when treated with a combination of imatinib and chemotherapy.
Daniel Guarasci, a clinical assistant professor at State University of New York at Buffalo, has been honored with the SNMTS Outstanding Educator Award. He translates complex information into understandable language for students, positively influencing nuclear medicine technology students.
A team of students from Johns Hopkins University has developed a prototype that improves chest closure after heart surgery, replacing traditional metal wires with polymer cable ties. The device, which resembles a stapler, is designed to be safer and less invasive, reducing potential injuries to patients and surgeons.
Researchers from the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) have detected five unique RNA sequences associated with centrosomes, which play a key role in cell division. These findings may shed light on the complex process of cell division and its relationship to cancer research.
Researchers found a link between increased serotonin receptors and body weight in overweight individuals. The discovery suggests that serotonin receptor manipulation could be a potential target for treating obesity.
Nick Holonyak Jr.'s seminal research on transistors and lasers has been recognized as one of the most significant papers in Applied Physics Letters. His work on room-temperature operation of a transistor laser facilitated faster signal processing, seamless communications, and higher performance electrical and optical integrated circuits.
Alexander Gottschalk, a Michigan State University professor, received the 2006 Benedict Cassen Prize for his groundbreaking research in nuclear medicine. He made significant contributions to the field, including dynamic camera studies of the brain and heart using technetium-99m.
UGA researchers have found evidence that low-temperature archaea may have evolved from moderate-temperature environments, contradicting current theories. The discovery sheds light on the evolution of Crenarchaeota and their role in fixing carbon dioxide, with implications for understanding global warming.
The three most important and damaging cacao diseases, black pod, frosty pod, and witches' broom, are threatening global chocolate production. According to plant pathology professor Randy Ploetz, black pod could reduce yields by an additional one million metric tons per year in West Africa.
A study of 886 women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 genetic mutations found that prophylactic surgery reduced ovarian cancer incidence by 89% and breast cancer incidence by 47%. The results differ for BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers, highlighting the need for tailored risk-reduction strategies.
The professor's book explores how religious schools shape students' attitudes, skills, and beliefs essential to democracy. He argues that public schools should remain strong and viable, while supporting the training of religious teachers.
Researchers found that a new 'disease control rate' measure was associated with survival, suggesting it could enhance efficacy assessment and improve clinical trials for advanced NSCLC. The study pooled data from 984 patients with advanced NSCLC who participated in three randomized trials of platinum-based chemotherapy regimens.
The study demonstrated a statistically significant benefit of FOLFIRI in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, improving progression-free survival and overall survival. Adding bevacizumab to FOLFIRI also showed improved outcomes, with a higher percentage of patients alive after one year.
Researchers develop IMPY tracer to visualize abnormal protein in Alzheimer's and prion diseases, providing new directions for future research. The tracer may also aid in early diagnosis of Alzheimer's with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging.
A study of nearly 600 female heart failure patients revealed that women had better outcomes with lower VO2 levels and less need for a heart transplant. The results challenge the current 'gold standard' for assessing treatment options, highlighting the importance of considering gender differences in heart failure management.
The study found a reduced risk of breast cancer among women taking calcium and vitamin D supplements, with a significant interaction between those using supplements and those not. The researchers suggest further analysis of vitamin D metabolites may help clarify the findings.
Researchers found that zebra finch males prefer females with beaks more extremely colored than their mothers', demonstrating a 'peak shift' effect. This suggests that sexual imprinting drives the evolution of skewed mating preferences and exaggerated traits in birds.
Researchers have discovered six 'planemos,' planetary mass objects with masses similar to extra-solar planets, surrounded by dusty discs that may evolve into miniature planetary systems. These findings suggest similar infancies for our Sun and smaller objects, blurring the definition of a planet.
A new study reveals that dietary calcium is more beneficial than supplements alone for building strong bones. Vitamin D supplements only reduce fracture risk when combined with sufficient calcium levels. Meanwhile, research suggests high protein intake promotes bone health.
Seven young researchers from six countries have been awarded the IOF-Novartis Young Scholars' Award for outstanding contributions to osteoporosis research. The award aims to support and encourage careers in osteoporosis research, a field that has seen significant progress in understanding and treating this debilitating disease.
Researchers at OHSU Cancer Institute analyzed data from 5,587 colon cancer subjects to determine five-year conditional survival rates. The study found that as time elapsed since diagnosis, most subjects experienced an improvement in their subsequent five-year conditional survival following the initial disease-free period.
Research highlights continued health risks following surgery, particularly for patients with serious underlying diseases. By understanding the mechanisms of inflammation and adopting strategies such as minimizing surgical incisions and pre-surgery medication, healthcare teams can reduce these risks.
Researchers have developed a technology that can reduce imaging time for cardiac stress/rest tests by 50% without compromising image quality. This innovation allows for increased patient comfort and improved throughput in nuclear medicine departments, enabling more patients to be scanned without additional floor space or equipment.
The study found that tamoxifen reduced the incidence of non-invasive breast cancer, but had no effect on invasive breast cancer risk. Raloxifene also reduced the risk of invasive breast cancer and was associated with lower thromboembolic events.
Researchers at UCLA have developed a new method to detect Alzheimer's disease progression using FDDNP PET. The study shows that the worsening of memory and cognitive functions is correlated with increased 18F-FDDNP brain binding, providing valuable information for diagnosis and monitoring therapeutic interventions.
Researchers found that FDG PET scans can accurately diagnose fevers of unknown origin in half of cases, eliminating the need for further tests. The study suggests that FDG PET offers an effective tool for early diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment, reducing hospital stays.
New research suggests targeting affected nerves and spinal cords may provide relief from chronic neuropathic pain. The study found changes in spinal cord neurons after sciatic nerve constriction injury, but the exact mechanisms remain unclear.
A study led by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory found a steady increase in sperm DNA fragmentation with increasing age of participants. Sperm motility showed a high correlation with DNA fragmentation, associated with increased risk of infertility.
Natural killer cells rely on receptor tyrosine kinases, such as Tyro3, to acquire their reconnaissance tool kit, allowing them to distinguish friend from foe. The study reveals that environmental signals, transmitted through Gas6 and protein S, trigger the maturation of natural killer cells.
Researchers found that an intracellular protein called synectin is a key regulator of arterial growth, impairing development when disrupted. This discovery could lead to new therapeutic approaches for coronary artery disease and vascular biology research.
Researchers from UGA discovered a surprising absence of hot gas in the disk of spiral galaxy NGC 1068, which could offer clues to the origins of the Milky Way. The discovery suggests that the process of heating gas in this galaxy is more complex than expected.
Researchers discovered that the glassy-winged sharpshooter insect has a surprising symbiosis with two bacteria, Baumannia cicadellinicola and Sulcia muelleri. The bacteria receive essential amino acids, while the insect receives vitamins and cofactors from them.
A new approach to improving cancer chemotherapy involves giving anticancer drugs basic properties, allowing them to accumulate in both normal and malignant cells. This approach may lead to more effective treatment with fewer side effects.
Researchers have determined that gallium evens out the uneven bonds between plutonium atoms, leading to a stable high-symmetry cubic structure. The findings shed light on the nature of plutonium and improve confidence in its safety and reliability.
A recent study by Baicker and Chandra found that a 20% increase in health insurance premiums would reduce the probability of employment by 2.4 percentage points, equivalent to approximately 3.5 million workers. As healthcare costs rise, workers may accept lower wages for costlier health insurance.
Researchers found that a short nap can significantly boost physician concentration and alleviate chronic sleep deprivation. Interns who took naps reported lower levels of fatigue and improved ability to care for their patients.
Researchers have found that an ADHD medication 'harmonizes' with the body's dopamine system, improving attention and focus in individuals. The study, presented at a medical conference, provides direct evidence of the drug's beneficial effect, which was previously speculative.
A team of astronomers has found nearly 300 new galaxy clusters and groups, including 100 at extreme distances of eight to 10 billion light years. This discovery will allow scientists to study very young galaxies two-thirds of the way back to the Big Bang.
A Phase 3 trial shows Xcytrin significantly prolongs time to neurologic progression in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and brain metastases. Xcytrin, a texaphyrin-based drug, enhances cancer cell death when combined with radiation.
Researchers at ULg discovered a new kind of mutation that may contribute to the wide range of phenotypic variations observed in various species, including humans. The Patrocles database provides a comprehensive collection of these mutations, which can aid in discovering similar phenomena for other phenotypes and hereditary diseases.