Researchers have discovered that all Type Ia supernovae explode with the same mass and energy, making them useful for measuring distances. The brightness of supernovae depends on the amount of nickel they contain, allowing for more accurate calibration and future distance measurements.
A Phase IV study found that Kadian's extended-release mechanism is maintained even in the presence of significant amounts of alcohol. The concomitant use of tested levels of alcohol with Kadian has no significant impact on morphine blood levels or release timing.
Researchers found African-American women are three times more likely to deliver prematurely and nearly five times more likely to experience recurrent preterm births. The study analyzed data from Missouri birth statistics between 1989 and 1997, adjusting for socioeconomic factors.
Researchers found that proteorhodopsin helps bacteria supplement energy when respiration is impaired. When exposed to light, these bacteria can use solar power to carry out vital life processes.
A new benchmark study finds that timeliness is a critical factor in the success of treatment for twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). The study, led by Dr. Timothy Crombleholme, highlights the importance of early diagnosis and aggressive intervention to improve survival rates. Fetal echocardiography is recommended as a crucial diagno...
Research shows African American mothers are 3 times more likely to deliver prematurely at 20-34 weeks and almost 4 times more likely to deliver extremely prematurely. Repeating premature births also occur at a significantly higher rate among African American women compared to Caucasian mothers.
Sequenom's Fetal Nucleic Acid Technology shows promise in detecting fetal DNA in maternal blood, potentially diagnosing genetic defects early in pregnancy. This approach could benefit all expectant mothers, particularly those with high-risk pregnancies.
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory scientists have identified a new tumor suppressor gene, CHD5, which prevents multiple types of cancer. The gene's role in regulating the tumor-preventing power in cells suggests that modulation of its activity may provide novel strategies for better design of more effective cancer therapies.
Researchers found facial composite systems produce poor likenesses of the intended face, affecting accuracy in criminal identification. Whole-face methods show promise as a solution by utilizing holistic processing and multidimensional similarity, leading to improved results.
David Mendonça is leading a study on creativity by first responders after the 2001 World Trade Center attack and 1995 Oklahoma City bombing. The analysis draws from radio communications and interviews with response personnel.
Adolescents with parents in the military experience increased stress and physiological changes during wartime, including higher blood pressure and heart rates. Researchers found that these effects were particularly pronounced in children of deployed parents.
Researchers at Oncolytics Biotech have developed a harmless virus that not only kills tumor cells but also primes the immune system to mount a powerful defense against cancer. Studies have shown that reovirus exposure can activate dendritic cells, which then educate natural killer cells and T cells to attack the tumor.
Researchers create an array of magnetic-field sensors to detect tiny magnetic spheres, which can bind with cell receptors. This technology enables rapid evaluation of potential antiviral drugs and high-precision detection of cancer biomarkers.
A French study suggests modifying therapeutic treatment for individuals with cryptococcosis based on patient sex, serotype, and fungal load. The study found that patients with a high fungal load should receive initial therapy combining two antifungals.
Researchers found that never-smokers get lung cancer more often than thought, with women even more at risk. The study tracked over 1 million people and found significant differences in lung cancer incidence rates between males and females, shedding new light on the disease.
Researchers used 3-D ultrasound to measure fetal adrenal gland size, identifying a preterm risk of delivery within five days. This method has the potential to assist clinicians in devising better therapeutic and preventive interventions for preterm birth.
Researchers discover PALB2 gene linked to increased breast cancer risk due to mutations, also found in prostate and colorectal cancers. The mutation causes impaired DNA repair leading to runaway cell growth.
A new study by the March of Dimes Foundation finds that high-dose progesterone treatment can significantly reduce the risk of preterm delivery in pregnant women who have previously experienced premature labor. The treatment appeared to prevent cervical shortening and inflammation, key factors contributing to premature birth.
A new test, Hypomanic symptom check list (HCL-32), has been validated to identify type II bipolar disorder patients. The test, which consists of 32 questions, is more precise than the Mood disorder questionnaire in identifying this underdiagnosed disease.
Researchers at Yale University developed a novel method to detect abnormal proteins in amniotic fluid, indicating a higher risk of delivering prematurely. The study found that these proteins are associated with inflammation and infection, allowing for earlier detection and treatment of neonatal infections.
A collaboration of international calculation grids analyzed nearly 80,000 potential malaria medicines per hour over 10 weeks, significantly speeding up the selection process. This approach also has implications for treating other tropical diseases and can substantially reduce the cost of developing new medicines.
Research reveals genetic variation in the DARPP-32 gene linked to improved cognitive performance and increased risk of schizophrenia. The study's findings suggest a possible genetic connection between the protein and frontostriatal brain structure and function.
A one-year, $1 million dollar grant supports research on enhancing agricultural soils' role in climate change mitigation. PNNL experts contribute basic research, biophysical modeling, and economic analysis to identify carbon sequestration strategies.
Researchers found lower transplant rates in African-Americans compared to Caucasians, even when using self-donated or relative-donated stem cells. The discrepancy may be attributed to various factors, including differences in insurance coverage, cultural attitudes, and physician biases.
Researchers have discovered a protein, GAPDH, that allows group B streptococci to colonize and cause infection in newborns. The protein modulates the immune system, increasing the risk of invasive bacterial infection.
A study published in JCI Journals reveals that vitamin D3 production is induced by skin wounds, leading to increased expression of antimicrobial peptides and microbial recognition receptors. This mechanism helps protect the skin from harmful microbes and enhances immune response.
A recent study published in Nature found that a genetic defect in PALB2 elevates the risk of both breast and prostate cancer. The mutation was discovered in Finnish breast cancer families and was also identified in patients with prostate cancer, suggesting its potential role as a susceptibility gene for heritable cancer.
A global survey of genetic variation shows that at least 10-20% of heritable variation in gene activity is due to copy number variations (CNVs), affecting the activity of over 1,000 genes. The study provides a first genome-wide view of how unique genetic variations lead to unique patterns of gene activity.
The trial will evaluate a candidate HIV vaccine on the African continent, aiming to determine its effectiveness and potential protection against different strains of HIV. The study will enroll healthy HIV-negative males and females aged 18-35, exploring how the vaccine works in a predominantly heterosexual epidemic.
The winners of the BioMed Central Research Awards have made significant contributions to both human health and scientific understanding. Dr. Lalit Dandona's work on HIV in India reveals major differences from official estimates, while Flavio R Zolessi's research on retinal ganglion cells sheds light on neuronal differentiation.
Researchers found that herbivorous fish play a key role in coral reef recovery from bleaching events. Exclusion of these fish led to reef degradation, while their presence boosted resilience.
The NARVAL observatory, installed at the Bernard Lyot Telescope, allows scientists to study magnetic fields of stars and their impact on planetary formation. SU Aurigae's complex magnetic 'web' was observed using NARVAL and ESPaDOnS, revealing new insights into stellar evolution.
People with advanced cancer reported better quality of life when receiving spiritual support from religious communities and medical service providers. The study suggests that making a 'spiritual history' routine part of patient care can improve patients' well-being at the end of life.
Scientists have developed a new method to read brain activity patterns associated with specific thoughts, enabling the decoding of secret intentions. The technique, called multivariate pattern recognition, combines brain imaging data with sophisticated computer algorithms to predict subjects' decisions.
New research in mice suggests that reversing CaMKII inhibition alleviates Angelman syndrome neurological problems. The study identifies potential therapeutic targets for treating symptoms, and the findings may apply to other unexplained mental retardation syndromes.
Research reveals that Mexican-Americans perceive more and tougher barriers to higher education due to internal and relational factors. The study aims to understand how societal context influences student perceptions of roadblocks to achieving their goals.
Researchers at MIT's Center for Bits and Atoms have created a microfluidic device that uses bubble logic to control chemical reactions and perform process control information like a computer. The technology has the potential to revolutionize large-scale chemical analysis, synthesis, testing, and industrial production processes.
A new study from the University of Alberta reveals that community-dwelling spouses of elderly individuals in long-term care facilities are heavily involved in their partners' lives. Despite common assumptions, marriage-sustaining activities continue, such as shared hobbies and regular visits.
Researchers at Purdue University have developed mathematical models to simulate and analyze the rattling of car headrests, a major source of consumer dissatisfaction. The models can predict which vibration frequencies cause the rattling and enable automakers to tune their suspension systems more effectively.
A study published at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center found that endoscopic brain surgery is effective in removing life-threatening tumors in children, with minimal complications and no neurological damage. The minimally invasive approach allows for faster recovery times and a shorter hospital stay.
A randomized double-blind trial found that macrolide antibiotics increased resistance in oral streptococcal flora, with azithromycin showing a higher effect. The study highlights the ecological side-effects of antibiotics and suggests a causal link between antibiotic use and resistance.
Research by UCSD School of Medicine reveals that Vitamin D3 plays a crucial role in controlling the body's innate immune response and protecting against infections. Fluctuations in vitamin D3 levels affect the healing process of skin wounds, with lower concentrations linked to increased susceptibility to infection.
A common gene variant is found to optimize brain function and improve thinking abilities, but also increases the risk of developing schizophrenia. The study suggests that this variant may have a paradoxical effect when combined with impaired prefrontal cortex function.
Researchers at UTSA's Department of Earth and Environmental Science are analyzing data collected in Antarctica to understand the impact of global warming on sea ice sheets. The team found regional increases and decreases in sea ice coverage, linked to global change in the atmosphere.
Scientists have created a quick, inexpensive, and efficient method to extract single DNA molecules and position them in nanoscale troughs or 'slits' for easy analysis and sequencing. This technology promises faster and more efficient genome analysis, potentially leading to customized DNA profiles for patients.
A Mayo Clinic study found a link between dopamine agonist medications and compulsive gambling in RLS patients. The medication-induced behavior worsened with increasing doses, but was reversible when the dose was reduced or alternative medication was used.
A new study by UC Irvine researchers found that immigrants are more likely to become US citizens when they live in states with a warm and welcoming attitude towards them. This suggests that money is not the primary motivator for naturalization, but rather a sense of community and acceptance.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine identified a core set of 33 microRNAs that regulate adult blood-forming stem cells. These 'master switches' can be targeted to control when stem cells grow into new blood cells, offering potential for new treatments for cancer and bone marrow disorders.
A trial comparison found that COX-2 inhibitors like etoricoxib are associated with fewer upper gastrointestinal clinical events in patients with arthritis, compared to traditional NSAIDs like diclofenac. The study suggests that COX-2 inhibitors may be a safer alternative for pain management.
Researchers found that the genetic code is nearly optimal for encoding signals of any length in parallel to sequences coding for proteins. The code is also organized efficiently, halting protein synthesis when necessary to conserve energy and resources.
Researchers at Columbia University Medical Center have uncovered the complex structure of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a central energy gauge for cells. This discovery provides crucial details about the molecule necessary for developing new therapies for diabetes and obesity.
A new study from The Wistar Institute suggests that a component of the common vitamin B3, nicotinamide, binds to sirtuin molecules and inhibits their activity. Activating these enzymes could have anti-aging effects and help counteract age-related health problems like obesity and type II diabetes.
A team of researchers has made a groundbreaking discovery in the Movement, Adaptation, Cognition Laboratory, revealing an interaction at the cellular level between cognitive information and motor information. This finding provides a fundamental advance in understanding the physiological role of the basal ganglia and has significant imp...
Research by G. Edgar Folk and colleagues found that Arctic animals, including rodents, maintained a 24-hour cycle of rest and activity despite living in continuous light. The study suggests that these animals may be conscious of the sun's position in the sky and use it as a cue to regulate their circadian rhythm.
A robotic therapy device called HOWARD has been shown to improve hand function in stroke patients by nearly 10% and manual dexterity by 20%, enabling them to grasp and release objects more effectively. The device, developed by UCI researchers, wraps around the hand and assists patients as they initiate movement.
Researchers developed a small-molecule inhibitor of Plk1, a key kinase controlling cell division. The compound BI 2536 effectively halts cancerous cell growth in culture and in animal models, causing cell death and tumor regression. This discovery has therapeutic potential for patients with locally advanced or metastatic cancers.
The Phambili trial aims to determine the efficacy of a candidate HIV vaccine and its potential to protect against clade C subtype prevalent in South Africa. The study will enroll healthy HIV-negative men and women aged 18-35 years old.
Researchers find vitamin D3 plays a role in immune response after skin wounds, inducing expression of antimicrobial peptides. Genetic variation linked to schizophrenia may be associated with increased expression of DARPP-32, influencing brain communication.
Scientists studying hawk moths discovered the Johnston's organ, a tiny structure above the antenna, senses movement and sends signals to the brain. The antennae guide the insect's body back to correct heading through a fine-tuned mechanism.
Researchers found that Enceladus's geysers spray ice particles, creating reflective surfaces on other Saturn moons and altering their appearance. The study suggests that Enceladus's geological activity supports the possibility of liquid water beneath its surface.