Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine have developed a new model for discovering and evaluating anti-HIV drugs using a mouse protein called APOBEC3. The study found that APOBEC3 inhibits the infection and spread of a mouse tumor virus, providing a potential test system for evaluating human APOBEC3-based drugs.
A study of 32 African adolescents reveals long-standing HIV infection leads to stunted growth, chronic ill health and organ damage. Early testing and care can prevent this, highlighting the need for reduced barriers.
A Penn study found that only 16% of male veterans indicated zero tolerance for detainee exposure and deprivation, while 48% showed no tolerance for detainee rape. Depression and PTSD were strongly linked to increased tolerance for abuse.
A new study reveals that mice lacking a critical gene develop postpartum cardiomyopathy, a condition where prolactin-blocking drug bromocriptine reverses symptoms. The research found increased levels of cathepsin D, an enzyme that damages heart muscle, in PPCM patients.
Scientists at the University of Edinburgh have made a groundbreaking discovery in treating Rett syndrome, reversing symptoms in mice. By activating the MECP2 gene, they were able to eliminate breathing and mobility difficulties, leaving mice undistinguishable from healthy counterparts.
Private cord blood banking is praised as a way to increase available cells, with Richard Branson's Virgin Health Bank offering processing and storage options. The bank's dual public-private approach donates one-fifth of samples to those in need at no cost.
Researchers found that ancient Athenian rowers would have matched up well with modern-day athletes in terms of endurance. The study suggests that ancient Greeks may have had a more efficient way of rowing, or were extremely fit, to power their warships at high speeds.
Researchers at NIH have found a second genetic defect causing previously unexplained forms of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a disorder weakening bones and resulting in frequent fractures. The affected gene contains information for P3H1 protein, crucial for refining collagen to its final form.
Researchers found that newborn brain regions controlling vision and sensory information grew significantly faster than those controlling abstract thinking. Gray matter, which contains most of the neurons, grew by 40% in the first months after birth, leading to potential implications for autism research.
The ankle exoskeleton helps patients regain limb function, and users can learn to walk with it in about 30 minutes. After three days, their nervous system retained control over the device.
Researchers investigated opioid analgesic abuse and found it is more prevalent in rural areas, with teenagers increasingly affected. Spinal cord stimulation also showed significant results in managing axial low back pain associated with failed back surgery syndrome.
Scientists have successfully decoded brain patterns to determine an individual's chosen plan of action before execution, revealing a key role for the medial prefrontal cortex in reflecting mental states. This breakthrough uses functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to decode intentions from neural activity patterns.
Researchers have created a fly-by-sight micro-helicopter that mimics the flight capabilities of insects, including takeoff, level flight, and landing. The study reveals how insects use optic flow to maintain their position relative to the ground, providing insights into previously unexplained observations about insect flight.
Researchers at the University of Virginia Health System have developed a non-invasive, real-time monitoring system to predict sepsis in neonates. This technology analyzes heartbeat signals to identify characteristic patterns that indicate an impending infection. By detecting these patterns early, clinicians can initiate treatment soone...
Researchers at the University of Edinburgh successfully reversed the symptoms of Rett Syndrome in a genetic mouse model, restoring normal brain function and mobility. The study's findings, published in Science Express, have significant implications for the treatment and potential cure of autism spectrum disorders.
A new model proposes that sexual differentiation may exact a high biological cost, reducing function of mitochondria and influencing longevity. The model predicts which genes regulate life span and suggests testable hypotheses for exploring the biggest question in aging research.
A study of twins and their children found that parents' genes, rather than parental arguing, influence the development of conduct problems. The research suggests that focusing on a child's parents in family therapy may not be as effective as targeting the child themselves.
The study found that 86% of doctors feel obligated to present all options, but only 63% believe it's ethical to describe their objections. Male physicians and those who personally object to certain practices are less likely to refer patients to alternative providers.
A new study published in Child Development found that children who sleep more have lower BMI measures and are less likely to be overweight five years later. Sleeping an additional hour reduced young children's chance of being overweight from 36% to 30%, while it reduced older children's risk from 34% to 30%.
A study of 562 young students found that girls experienced more depressive symptoms and stressors than boys, particularly in their interpersonal world. The researchers discovered that exposure to stressors and the way girls reacted to these events contributed to their higher levels of depression.
The EO Lawrence Award recognizes eight scientists and engineers for their exceptional contributions in research and development. The winners, including Paul Alivisatos and Moungi Bawendi, are honored for their work in materials science, physics, life sciences, chemistry, and environmental science.
Physicists at JILA have demonstrated that a surface's warmth increases its attractive force on nearby atoms, a finding with potential implications for devices like atom chips and MEMS. By using ultracold atoms and heated glass surfaces, researchers measured the temperature dependence of the elusive Casimir-Polder force.
Researchers have discovered that two alphaproteobacteria lack the universal extra guanylate nucleotide typically found in transfer RNA molecule tRNAHis, which assists in incorporating amino acid histidine into new proteins. This finding suggests a radical departure from previously known identity rules for histidine-carrying tRNAs.
A study found that children who perceive their parents as antisocial are more likely to engage in similar behaviors. The researchers concluded that children learn antisocial behavior by observing and interpreting their parents' behavior, which provides a model for their own behavior.
A new study suggests that a common yardstick of school readiness may obscure the toll that lower income takes on ethnic minority children. Despite this, researchers found similarities across racial and ethnic groups when looking at models of how low income affects parenting and children's readiness for school.
A Northwestern University study found that getting inadequate sleep increases the risk of being overweight in children. The five-year study, conducted on a nationally representative sample of 2,182 children aged 3-18, suggests that even an extra hour of sleep can reduce a child's chance of being overweight.
Researchers found a toxic link between beta-amyloid and tau that causes nerve cell death in Alzheimer's disease. The connection occurs before the formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, and affects cells containing tau, which account for just 10% of brain cells.
A team of researchers from biology, chemistry, and engineering have developed a proposal for artificially created cells to treat diseases without injecting drugs. The cells would target and deliver chemicals needed by the body to function properly.
A Stanford University study suggests that boosting endocannabinoid levels in the brain may be a new treatment approach for Parkinson's disease. Researchers combined a drug with an experimental compound to trigger improved movement in mice with a condition similar to Parkinson's, showing promising results.
The horse genome sequence has been successfully assembled, offering a comprehensive understanding of the equine genome. The data provides valuable insights into genetic variations in horses, which can help identify the causes of various diseases affecting these animals.
Female Antarctic fur seals travel long distances to mate with genetically diverse males, rather than local dominant males. This behavior enables species to maintain genetic diversity, crucial for resisting disease and parasites.
A major new study finds that family income affects children's cognitive skills and social emotional competence when parents experience material hardship, not just their income level. Researchers used data from 21,255 American kindergartners to identify two ways family income impacts children, including the provision of enriching materi...
Researchers developed a biological model of visual processing inspired by the brain to recognize objects in busy street scenes. The model achieved surprising versatility and learned from examples, validating biologically-inspired computer science.
A team of science policy experts argues that adaptation to global climate change is essential for securing a future on a warming planet. They emphasize the importance of sustainable development and building resilient societies in minimizing negative effects.
Researchers at NIST have taken the first two-dimensional pictures of a frequency comb, revealing colors and intensity of all lightwaves simultaneously. The technique transforms the comb into a twodimensional brush, enabling scientists to measure and manipulate optical frequencies in a massively parallel manner.
Researchers found that standard treatment with clomiphene was more effective than metformin alone in helping women with PCOS achieve successful pregnancy. The study, the largest and most comprehensive effort yet to compare the two drugs, showed that obese women were less likely to conceive during the course of the study.
A new study from Ohio State University found that workers who lift for a living need to take longer or more frequent breaks than they now do to avoid back injury. Taking regular breaks helps muscles recover and reduces the risk of fatigue-related back injuries.
A new study reveals that African-American and poor children are more vulnerable to the effects of sleep disruption on their cognitive function, with poorer performance on school-related tests. The study suggests that health-related disparities between different groups of American children have important consequences.
Researchers have identified certain proteins that can protect against Chlamydia infection and are working towards developing a vaccine for adolescent women. The funding boost will allow QUT to evaluate the effectiveness of prevention methods, including a potential patch-based delivery system.
A recent study reveals that the bacteria causing most painful stomach ulcers has been present in humans since modern man migrated from Africa over 60,000 years ago. The research provides new insights into early human migration and offers a way to study the diversification of human populations.
Researchers discovered that New World arenaviruses enter cells through the transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), a well-known protein involved in iron uptake. Inhibiting this receptor may help reduce infection severity and develop a treatment strategy.
Researchers at Harvard University have successfully stopped, store, and revive a light pulse in two separate locations using supercooled sodium clouds. This technique enables precise control over optical information and has potential applications in quantum information processing and cryptography.
A recent study published in Nature documents the largest climate change in North America over the past 65 million years, with fossilized teeth revealing a temperature drop of nearly 15 degrees Fahrenheit. The Eocene-to-Oligocene transition saw massive changes in ocean currents and life extinctions.
The partnership aims to boost the number of STEM graduates at Wright State and promote a smooth transition from high school to college for careers in science, mathematics, engineering, and technology. A key focus is on implementing an introductory math class for first-year students to address STEM college attrition.
Researchers at Ohio State University used forensic photography to analyze ancient textiles from Hopewell burial mounds, revealing previously hidden patterns and markings. The technique helps minimize damage during sampling, providing valuable information about prehistoric Native American technologies and colorants.
Research finds standard therapy more effective in helping women with PCOS achieve pregnancy compared to diabetes drug metformin, which was initially thought to have great promise. Clomiphene fosters ovulation by stimulating hormone release, increasing pregnancy chances two times over metformin.
New research found that older adults gain fat and lose lean mass each year until age 80, contributing to disability. The study also revealed that those born later experienced higher body fat percentages, highlighting the impact of the obesity epidemic on aging
Geologists use seismic waves to locate missing rock under Tibet, clarifying how continents behave when they collide. The research helps solve a long-standing mystery and provides key evidence for understanding the full dynamics of continental collision.
An international consortium, led by Professor Dominique Gauguier, aims to understand the complex causes of coronary artery disease (CAD) and develop effective treatments. The project will use advanced genomics techniques to identify biomarkers for predicting CAD risk factors, offering insights into disease diagnosis and prevention.
A new study found that nonresident fathers who are involved with their adolescent children report lower levels of delinquency. The researchers also discovered that increased parental involvement can help adolescents develop self-control and self-competence, decreasing the likelihood of engaging in problem behaviors.
A recent study highlights the urgent need to update design standards in stable continental regions like Peninsular India. The assessment shows that major urban areas are underprepared for earthquakes, with risks exceeding current safety standards.
A new study reveals Pycnogenol, a French maritime pine tree extract, is 190 times more potent in delaying glucose absorption than prescription medication Precose. This natural extract has been shown to suppress carbohydrate absorption in diabetes, making it an effective alternative for managing type 2 diabetes.
A study found that students who believe their intelligence can be developed outperform those who think it's fixed, especially in math grades. Students with a growth mindset are more motivated, work harder, and bounce back from setbacks.
An international EU project led by the University of Bonn aims to shed light on why the immune system weakens with age, particularly in elderly people. The researchers will analyze up to 40,000 blood samples to develop new medicines that can largely inactivate viruses and enable the immune system to deal with residual viruses.
Researchers used GPS to record precise movements of hundreds of points on the Asian continent over 10 years, finding that most of Asia behaves like a 'c ceramic plate' while some areas, such as Tibet, deform more like Play-Doh. The findings challenge long-standing theories and provide new insights into continental deformation.
A new computer-based technique has the potential to automatically determine acceptable radiation plans in a matter of minutes, reducing the need for hours of manual tuning. The algorithm was tested on 10 prostate cancer patients and found to be effective in determining clinically acceptable treatment plans.
Researchers at NIH/National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases found that up to 10% of B cells retain faulty receptors, escaping correction. This discovery sheds light on the development of self-reactive B cells in autoimmune disease.
The James Webb Space Telescope's mirror blanks have been constructed, forming a mirror over seven times larger than the Hubble Telescope's mirror. The larger mirror enables excellent resolution and sensitivity, allowing scientists to see back to the formation of the first galaxies after the Big Bang.
A new study found that the simultaneous effect of habitat fragmentation, overexploitation, and climate warming accelerates population decline and increases the risk of extinction. Experimental microcosm populations of rotifers showed significant declines under individual threats, but even faster declines when exposed to multiple threats.
Duke University researchers developed a three-dimensional fabric scaffold for cartilage repair using patient stem cells. The new technology could treat larger areas of cartilage damage and provide more effective results than current therapies.