A Saint Louis University study finds that pediatricians' efforts to encourage lifestyle changes in obese patients and their families are often futile due to a lack of motivation. Doctors recognize the challenges of changing patterns of behavior in low-income households with limited access to healthy food and time for physical activity.
Scientists found evidence of a new type of communication between nerve cells in the brain, which may be linked to epilepsy. The discovery suggests that excitatory nerve cells are coupled together by gap junctions, potentially leading to cross-talk and altered brain function.
Scientists have identified a specific pathway, reactive-oxygen species (ROS), that allows cancer cells to evade the immune system. By targeting this pathway, researchers hope to develop new therapies that can break through the 'escape hatch' and accelerate or slow down T-cell activity.
Researchers warn of a rare but serious complication associated with eye tests in infants. Apraclonidine eyedrops used to diagnose Horner syndrome can lead to severe lethargy lasting up to 10 hours, requiring hospital admission and oxygen administration.
A study published in Archives of Surgery found that diabetics spend more days in the intensive care unit and have more complications during hospitalization for trauma. Diabetics are also less likely to be discharged home and require skilled nursing care after discharge.
A review of type 2 diabetes treatment found older agents have similar or superior effects on glycemic control and intermediate endpoints compared to newer, pricier medications. Gonorrhea is becoming resistant to fluoroquinolone antibiotics, leading to recommendations for alternative treatments.
The new publication provides up-to-date recommendations for clinicians treating patients with both HIV and TB, emphasizing the urgent challenge of integrating these two complex diseases. Key articles focus on treatment options, diagnostic tools, and prevention strategies, highlighting the need for closer collaboration between experts.
A new study from Harvard School of Public Health found that hospitals in the top quartile of performance had nearly 1% lower mortality among patients with AMI, 0.4% among those with CHF, and 0.8% among those with pneumonia. This suggests that using quality measures to choose a hospital can increase survival odds.
The disease varies by race, sex, and geographic area, with higher incidence among blacks and men. The nationwide rates of the disease were last documented in 1992.
Non-compliance with dermatologic treatment is a widespread issue, and physicians can improve compliance by establishing strong patient-physician relations, choosing suitable medications, and using effective education materials. Research shows that addressing non-adherence can lead to better success for patients with psoriasis and other...
Dr. Clyde Goulden, a veteran scientist, received Mongolia's Friendship Medal for his climate change studies contributing to the global understanding of global warming. He has developed relations between the U.S. and Mongolia and promoted environmental research in the country.
A study of twins has connected genetic factors to the link between smoking addiction and major depression. The research found a shared gene associated with conduct disorder, which increases the risk of nicotine dependence and major depression, also leading to impulsivity and other drug addictions.
A Penn State research team discovered that blocking km23, a traffic cop protein, disrupts the transport of a signaling component to the nucleus, leading to reduced gene expression and cell growth. The findings may lead to diagnostic tools and earlier treatments for ovarian cancer.
Researchers found that HIV protease inhibitors block an enzyme crucial for generating the structural scaffolding of the cell nucleus. This leads to an accumulation of prelamin A and causes disease phenotypes similar to those associated with genetic defects in ZMPSTE24.
Researchers found a substantial rise in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cases over three decades, with highest rates in San Francisco and lowest in Iowa. The disease disproportionately affects men, Blacks, and those living in affluent areas.
A new study suggests that walking on two legs, or bipedalism, evolved because it used less energy than quadrupedal knucklewalking. Researchers collected metabolic, kinematic and kinetic data from chimpanzees and humans walking on a treadmill, finding that humans only used one-quarter of the energy as chimpanzees when walking upright.
Researchers at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) have successfully injected spin-polarized electrons from a ferromagnetic metal contact into silicon, producing a large electron spin polarization. This achievement is crucial for developing devices that rely on electron spin rather than electron charge, known as semiconductor spintronics.
A study analyzing 138 bird species reveals that maximum flight speed is not solely determined by aerodynamic scaling rules. The authors found that flight speed also reflects the evolutionary history of the species, with species from the same group tending to fly at similar speeds.
Researchers propose a 'value meal' approach to decrease medication costs while increasing benefits from expensive cancer drugs. By taking certain medications with meals or grapefruit juice, patients may use up to 80% of the prescribed dose and reduce side effects.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University found that nasal insufflation using a nasal cannula significantly reduced symptoms in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea. The treatment, known as TNI, delivered warm, humidified air at a high flow rate, showing marked improvements in patients with both mild and severe disorders.
Researchers isolated bisdemethoxycurcumin, which boosts macrophages to clear amyloid beta plaques found in Alzheimer's disease. The study identified key genes involved in this process, offering a new treatment approach that targets the innate immune system.
Scientists identified molecular markers linked to two root-knot nematode resistance genes, enabling breeders to efficiently screen for resistant plants. This breakthrough allows for faster and cost-effective development of root-knot resistant soybean crops.
A viral infection in 1990 reprogrammed the genetic machinery of a strep bacteria strain, creating a deadly form of
A team of researchers has discovered a new plant-bacterial symbiotic mechanism that allows certain leguminous plants to fix nitrogen more efficiently. This finding has significant implications for agriculture, particularly in tropical countries, and could lead to increased crop yields while reducing fertilizer use.
Researchers have identified a new gene, KIAA0350, associated with an increased risk of type 1 diabetes in children. The study used genome-wide association to analyze DNA samples from 1,046 children with the disease and found a significant link between a specific genetic variant and the development of type 1 diabetes.
Researchers at MIT's Picower Institute have discovered a molecular mechanism that governs the formation of fears stemming from traumatic events. Inhibiting a kinase called Cdk5 facilitates the extinction of fear, while increased activity persists fear learned in a particular context.
Researchers at McGill University Health Centre have identified a new gene involved in type 1 diabetes, bringing the total to five genes responsible for the disease. The discovery using high-density DNA microchip technology provides a promising step towards developing effective treatments and prevention methods.
New research suggests that extensive discussions of problems in friendships can have a negative effect on emotional adjustment in teenage girls. Girls who engage in co-rumination, or excessive talking about problems, are more likely to experience anxiety and depression.
A new study at WashU Medicine found that surgical repair of sports hernias using tension-free mesh, coupled with an innovative rehabilitation program, successfully returned athletes to competition in 93% of cases. The rehab protocol was developed by Ray Barile and involves a multistep, graduated approach to physical activity.
Researchers developed a new cancer treatment called Chlorotoxin:Cy5.5, which can illuminate tumor cells in the operating room, making it easier for surgeons to remove all cancerous cells without injuring surrounding healthy tissue. This technology has the potential to improve cancer therapy and save lives.
A new study finds that athletes with sports hernias can successfully return to competition using a standardized rehabilitation protocol. The protocol, developed by an athletic trainer, includes graduated activities from early ambulation to resistance and core building.
Long-term study found adaptive changes in the shoulders of young baseball players to help protect against injury. However, high pitch counts and year-round play can push these adaptations too far, leading to pain and growth plate injuries.
A new study published by the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine found that arthroscopic treatment of tennis elbow provides excellent long-term pain relief and functional restoration. The procedure demonstrated a high success rate, with 93% of patients satisfied and no repeat surgeries or injections required.
Researchers have identified IL6 as a protein that stimulates tumor growth when activated by Ras, leading to increased blood vessel formation. Suppressing IL6 activity has shown promising results in fighting tumor formation in preclinical models.
Research by Yale med student Peter Fabricant found that women and people with osteoarthritis have poorer short-term recovery from arthroscopic knee surgery. In contrast, factors such as age, obesity, and tissue removal affect long-term outcome. The study suggests that severe osteoarthritis may be a contraindication to surgery.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have discovered that the overactive Ras gene is responsible for above-normal secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6), which drives tumor growth. Inhibiting IL-6 production reduces new blood vessel creation, crucial for tumor development and nourishment.
A recent study found that nodal status is the strongest determinant of outcome after neoadjuvant therapy for esophageal cancer. Patients with complete pathological responses had better survival rates, but only if they also had no nodal involvement.
Researchers have developed a procedure using chitosan to create surgical materials with antimicrobial and healing properties, which remained unmodified after sterilization. Additionally, chitosan was found to be a natural bio-stimulant that boosts tomato seed germination and plant growth.
Mayo Clinic physicians have developed a new technique using real-time 3-D ultrasound to block nerve function in selected areas of the body prior to surgery. This allows patients to recover faster and with less need for pain medication. The technique has been successfully used in over 150 surgeries, showing improved outcomes for patients.
A phase III study of 341 high-risk patients with deep, local sarcomas shows significant improvement in tumour response and survival rates when treated with a combination of chemotherapy and local, deep hyperthermia. The combined therapy has been applied to patients before surgery, demonstrating its effectiveness.
A research team used Data Envelopment Analysis to evaluate the success of internet shops, finding that efficient websites like Jcrew and Abercrombie can serve as role models for less effective sites. By reducing inputs or increasing outputs, these non-efficient sites can improve their performance and competitiveness.
Researchers discovered clear changes in interstellar material absorption, indicating the existence of gaseous shells around a white dwarf. The system was likely composed of a white dwarf feeding on its red giant companion, leading to the supernova explosion. This finding strongly supports the Type Ia supernova scenario.
Surface plasmon polaritons move as waves and follow conventional optics' rules, limiting their size. Researchers developed a comprehensive theory to control SPPs, providing a bridge between nanoscale electronics and photonics.
A recent study published in the European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing reveals that women who have suffered heart attacks experience higher rates of lingering depressive symptoms compared to their male counterparts. Women scored lower in physical and social functioning after one year, with 14.3% experiencing worsening depression.
A randomized clinical trial found that selenium supplementation increased the risk of developing type 2 diabetes by 55%, with higher levels associated with a greater risk. The study suggests that taking high doses of selenium may have detrimental effects in well-nourished populations.
During the International Polar Year, University of Alaska Fairbanks hosts summer institutes to train K-12 teachers on climate change. Seven UAF scientists provide hands-on lessons, translating scientific research into classroom useable content. The goal is to energize youth about science and promote Alaska's Grade Level Expectations.
Scientists at Karolinska Institutet have found a new way chromosomes are repaired after damage, contrary to the long-held view that cohesion only occurs during cell division. The discovery shows cohesin reactsivate when DNA breaks, allowing cells to fix damaged sister chromatids.
A study estimates nearly one-third of hospitalized US patients are vulnerable to VTE, which can lead to dire complications. Researchers stress the need for reinforcing national guidelines and monitoring compliance with hospital protocols for VTE prevention, as well as educating outpatients on preventive measures.
Researchers suggest that perennial water-ice deposits at Mars' South Pole are juggled between the North and South Poles every 51,000 years due to precession. Water vapour is transported from the North Pole to the South Pole, where it re-condenses and freezes, forming a thick layer.
Researchers at Hauptman-Woodward Institute have solved the structure of a novel protein in Pseudomonas, a bacterium that causes cystic fibrosis and tuberculosis. The discovery may lead to the development of new antibiotics to prevent infection in patients with CF and TB.
A 19-year study found that primate tourism practices can lead to adult aggression, disease transmission, and increased infant mortality. The study suggests that range restriction and provisioning for tourists contribute to the problem, making them an inappropriate management strategy.
Research suggests that anti-war activists are divided between supporting the Democratic Party and others, potentially complicating their electoral prospects. The study found that grassroots activists support the Democrats at a rate of around 40%, while non-Democratic activists work with organizations like United for Peace and Justice.
Researchers studying fantasy baseball aim to comprehend expert and novice players' approaches, as well as their learning processes. They analyze three leagues with varying levels of expertise, gathering insights into player strategies, community connections, and the role of technology in gaming.
Researchers developed a silk-based scaffold, SeriACL Graft, to regenerate or re-grow anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tissue in goats. The study demonstrated the safety and efficacy of the device in promoting ACL regeneration, with 95% of animals returning to normal gait by 6 months.
A preseason groin injury prevention program reduced groin injuries by 28% in professional soccer players, with a significant decrease in acute injuries. The program's success was attributed to multidisciplinary efforts and has the potential to become widely adopted in professional soccer teams.
Researchers discovered how plants evolved to respond to environmental changes by repressing growth, a process integrated by the plant growth hormone gibberellin. The ability emerged in flowering plants 300 million years ago and is linked to major stages in their evolution.
A new study from the University of Washington finds that domestic violence and psychological distress can lead to increased unemployment, especially among adolescent mothers. The research followed 234 women for 13 years and found that those with high levels of psychological distress were more likely to be unemployed.
Dutch researcher Joris van den Berg developed a mathematical model to predict sand wave movement, improving safety for shipping and offshore infrastructure. The model simplified equations, enabling quick predictions of interventions like dredging and potentially unlocking studies on sand waves and banks.
A new MUHC study found that wearing soft protective headgear reduces the risk of concussions by 53% among adolescents aged 12-17 who played soccer. The research also suggests that most sports-related injuries are not reported, emphasizing the importance of preventive measures.
Scientists at the University of Michigan developed a lens-like device that focuses electromagnetic waves down to tiny points, removing wavelength limitations for data storage and sensing applications. The breakthrough enables CD storage to hold up to one hundred times more information using terahertz radiation.