Researchers found that vaccinating half of a population can reduce cholera cases by 89% in unvaccinated individuals and 93% overall. Mass vaccination is a viable strategy to control endemic cholera outbreaks.
Researchers have identified lung injury in nonsmokers exposed to secondhand cigarette smoke using a special type of magnetic resonance imaging. The study found structural changes in the lungs similar to those found in smokers, suggesting early signs of emphysema or chronic bronchitis.
A new MUHC study found that informing patients about their cardiovascular risk and receiving ongoing feedback from their doctor leads to greater drops in lipid levels. Patients with higher risk profiles experienced a greater impact on their risk profile, highlighting the importance of communicating calculated cardiovascular risk.
A study published in CANCER found that non-white women with metastatic breast cancer experience poorer pain control, with a higher risk of severe pain. The researchers also found that inactive performance status and previous radiation treatment were associated with greater pain.
A study by Rafael Reuveny examines the impact of climate change on population migration and conflict. He advocates for a five-step approach to minimize climate change-induced migration and violent conflict in receiving areas.
Researchers at Kent State University investigate middle-school students' ability to judge their own learning, finding that overconfidence is a major issue. To address this, the team develops a 'study buddy' tool that combines accurate monitoring with effective schedules of learning.
Discussing coronary risk profiles with physicians can improve cholesterol management and treatment adherence. Patients who receive their risk profile have smaller reductions in LDL levels and are more likely to reach lipid targets.
The Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory will investigate how soils form from bedrock, affecting water movement and groundwater flow. Researchers will conduct field experiments and implement high-performance computers to predict weathering rates and model the impact of forest regolith on local water resources.
Researchers examined the effectiveness of cholinesterase inhibitors in delaying the onset of Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia. The study found no significant reduction in the rate of progression from mild cognitive impairment to dementia, suggesting that these drugs may not be beneficial for patients with MCI.
A mutation in RNA polymerase III enzyme disrupts organ growth in zebrafish, with specific tissues like the intestine being severely affected. The study provides hope for a therapeutic application against cancer by targeting the enzyme's role in protein production.
Researchers suggest that internationally licensed, killed whole-cell cholera vaccines may be highly effective in controlling endemic cholera when given via mass immunization. Vaccinating just 30% of the population every two years could achieve a 76% overall reduction rate.
Researchers at Université Laval discovered that a diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids protects the brain against Parkinson's disease. The study found that mice fed an omega-3 rich diet were immune to the toxic compound MPTP, which causes damage to dopamine-producing neurons.
A team of researchers at UCLA has modeled the structure of the largest cellular particle ever crystallized, proposing ways to engineer vaults for targeted drug delivery. The proposed atomic structure consists of a barrel-shaped shell with 96 identical protein chains, offering a human-friendly nanocontainer for therapeutic applications.
A comprehensive genetic analysis suggests that the ancestors of Native Americans originated from a single source in east Asia, with a unique genetic variant widespread across both continents. The study's findings support the land bridge theory and hint at evidence for coastal migration to South America.
Multicenter trials show CT angiography highly accurate in detecting coronary artery disease with sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 90%. The noninvasive exam was equal in accuracy to invasive angiography in identifying patients to be referred for angioplasty or bypass surgery.
A study found that over 89% of men with early prostate cancer received inappropriate therapies due to pre-existing problems. The mismatched treatments may be attributed to patients' reluctance to discuss symptoms with their physicians.
Researchers found that the N-Myc gene triggers cancer when paired with growth-promoting protein IL-3 and causes cell suicide without it. The study also shows that immortalized cells overexpressing N-Myc become more aggressive and produce fewer growth-inhibiting proteins.
Argonne is developing advanced simulation tools called SHARP to validate new nuclear technologies and reduce waste, with the goal of closing the nuclear fuel cycle and reducing proliferation risk. The lab's work aims to optimize reactor design and safety using high-speed supercomputers.
A study found that many prostate cancer patients receive treatment contraindicated by pre-existing conditions, such as urinary or bowel dysfunction. This 'mismatched' therapy can lead to worsened symptoms and outcomes.
A study of 500 consecutive children admitted to Arkansas Children's Hospital following ATV accidents found a high incidence of head, spinal, lung, and extremity injuries. Many victims suffered permanent disabilities or fatalities, highlighting the risks associated with ATV use in children.
A recent study found that electronic patient tracking systems can affect how healthcare providers communicate information and track activities, leading to inefficiencies and workarounds. The manual whiteboard-based system allowed for flexibility in tracking patients, but the computerized system lacked this flexibility, requiring provid...
A comprehensive review by CAMH researchers highlights the importance of family doctors advising patients to quit smoking, doubling quit rates. The article also provides guidance on pharmacotherapy options and non-pharmacologic methods for quitting.
Researchers have created a three-dimensional map of the yeast genome, enabling them to locate nucleosomes and predict their behavior. This breakthrough could lead to early detection of diseases like cancer by identifying genes that are actively being converted into proteins.
A survey of 1,011 women found that ethnic background influences preferences regarding breast cancer screening for early detection. Black and Hispanic women tend to prefer recall over earlier detection, while Caucasian women prioritize earlier detection.
New research findings suggest that girls may be more susceptible to their friends' drinking, while opposite-sex friends increase drinking for both genders. Genetic analyses indicate shared environmental effects across genders.
A study by Penn researchers found that transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a safe and effective treatment for patients with major depression who have tried other options without success. The non-invasive technique has minimal side effects and can be administered via the scalp, avoiding bodily side effects.
New research suggests that nicotine patches can improve attention and working memory in recovering alcoholics, particularly those who smoke. The study found that these individuals are more sensitive to the effects of nicotine, which may help explain their struggles with quitting nicotine use.
Researchers at the University of Iowa are studying risky decision-making among pre-teens, focusing on factors that contribute to risk-taking behaviors such as smoking and drinking. The three-year study aims to identify profiles of at-risk children and track how their decision-making deficits affect everyday choices.
Researchers from UF and UT Austin analyzed DNA sequences to build a family tree for plants, revealing the five major lineages of flowering plants that exist today. The diversification is believed to have been sparked by various factors, including climate change and the emergence of new traits.
A new study reveals that individuals with higher body mass index (BMI) experience greater drops in lung function after acute ozone exposure. The research found that underweight individuals have lower ozone-related drops in lung function, while overweight and obese individuals exhibit the greatest declines.
A study published in Archives of Internal Medicine found that undocumented Latinos are less likely to use healthcare services, experience poorer care outcomes, and face significant barriers to accessing care compared to US-born individuals. The findings highlight the need for targeted strategies to address healthcare disparities among ...
A new study reveals the evolutionary Tree of Life for flowering plants, with monocots and eudicots found to be more closely related than to other major lineages. The analysis of genomic data suggests a unique species called Amborella represents the earliest diverging lineage of flowering plants.
Researchers propose an entirely new model of human-centered biomes, acknowledging that humans have a significant impact on the global environment. The current system of classifying ecosystems may be misleading, and it's time to study ecosystem functioning in backyards and urban areas.
A new study by University of Bristol scientists found that red blood cell transfusions may increase the risk of heart attack or stroke in cardiac surgery patients, regardless of haemoglobin levels or age. The research suggests a three-fold increase in complications arising from lack of oxygen to key organs.
A five-year study will evaluate the performance of chest X-ray CAD in identifying hard-to-detect lung cancers, aiming to improve patient survival rates. The study, funded by the State of Ohio, will involve 9,000 test subjects and assess the software's ability to identify actionable pulmonary nodules.
A study by Temple University researcher Dr. Robert Whitaker found that smoking and depression often co-occur in new mothers, affecting the health of their children. The combination may lead to sudden infant death, asthma, ear infections, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, behavior problems, language delay, and childhood depression.
Research suggests that Mexican Americans with the H6 haplotype of the CYP2E1 gene are more susceptible to developing alcoholism. The study also found associations between the H6 haplotype and late-age onset of drinking and heavy drinking habits.
Using fewer drugs in treating malaria could help slow the spread of drug resistance, making patients just as healthy. Longer treatment periods increase resistant parasite numbers, which can lead to shorter lifespan of antimalarial drugs.
Research explores how social, cultural, and historical contexts hinder Israeli children's understanding of the Palestinian perspective. Dr Asi Sharabi's study reveals contradictory feelings of racism and compassion among Israeli children, highlighting the need to overcome prejudices in conflict situations.
A novel MRI technique has identified structural damage to the lungs caused by secondhand cigarette smoke. The study found that breathing secondhand smoke can injure your lungs, with 57% of smokers showing early lung damage.
PETRA III will be one of the world's leading sources for short-wavelength X-rays, enabling innovative research in medicine, materials science, and molecular biology. The new facility will feature 14 experimental stations and a unique combination of light sources, attracting scientists from Germany and abroad.
The AMPATH program, a comprehensive approach to HIV/AIDS care, has made an ongoing difference in large numbers of individuals and communities. By addressing medical care, nutritional sufficiency, and economic security, AMPATH has improved the lives of over 52,000 HIV-positive people in western Kenya.
Researchers developed a definition of therapeutic misconception to improve participant understanding and informed consent. The concept affects trial participants' knowledge of the scientific purpose of clinical trials and potential risks/benefits.
The Lancet's Editor Dr. Richard Horton emphasizes the significance of non-experimental research in medicine, citing examples of reliable causal inferences and notable errors. He stresses the need for rigorous scientific practice, communication, and replication to ensure credibility and inform policymaking.
A study by Nicholas M. Perry found that urban women have denser breasts and are nearly four times more likely to develop breast cancer than rural women. Regular breast screening with digital mammography is advised for all women, especially those with dense breast tissue.
A study funded by the National Institute of Mental Health found that premenopausal women with mild depression have lower bone mass than their nondepressed peers. Bone thinning was especially prevalent in hip bones, increasing the risk of fractures and other costly injuries as they age.
Eating high-glycemic index carbohydrates has been associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes in Chinese and African-American women. Conversely, consuming more cereal fiber may lower this risk. Studies have shown that foods with a higher glycemic index cause rapid spikes and drops in blood glucose levels.
A statistical model based on climate factors indicates that the estimated undercount of historic tropical storms in the Atlantic is only slightly below actual numbers. The researchers found that the average undercount bias from 1870 to 1944 was approximately one tropical storm per year.
The Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (IGMM) brings together researchers in human biology to develop non-toxic cancer treatments that could prevent tumours from spreading. The institute aims to learn lessons from each condition to inform others and develop personalized medical treatment.
A study by Indiana University researchers found Dechlorane Plus, a chlorinated flame retardant, in tree bark across the northeastern US, with highest concentrations near the Niagara Falls factory. Tree bark can serve as a natural passive sampling device to detect airborne chemicals.
A new study found that individuals with alcohol dependence and conduct disorder have a high number of sex partners, increasing their risk for unintended pregnancies, infections, and reproductive health damage. Researchers also suggested that college campuses and healthcare staff play crucial roles in addressing this issue.
A recent study by the University of Leeds reveals that porous sandstone can react quickly with injected fluids, making it a potential safe reservoir for carbon dioxide. This reaction is essential if the captured CO2 is not to leak back to the surface, and could provide a long-term solution for tackling climate change.
A University of Minnesota researcher found that materialism in children and adolescents is directly connected to self-esteem, which peaks during early adolescence but declines in late adolescence. Boosting self-esteem by giving positive information about peer acceptance reduced materialism levels in teens.
A study found that individuals with low levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and high homocysteine levels, as well as diabetes, are more likely to experience memory problems and greater disability after a stroke. These factors can also slow down stroke recovery, particularly in those over 57 years old.
Researchers at UCLA have modeled the structure of large cellular particles, known as vaults, which may function in innate immunity. The study proposes ways to engineer these particles for targeted release of drugs.
Researchers found increased brain activity in children with bipolar disorder when encoding happy faces and irritability when angry faces, suggesting a neural basis for mania. The study also revealed reduced memory for emotional faces in children with bipolar disorder compared to typically developing peers.
A pilot program at the University of Cincinnati has shown promising results in curbing alcohol abuse among college students who turn to drinking to cope with social anxiety. The program uses motivational interviewing and behavioral therapy to help students manage their anxiety and reduce hazardous drinking behaviors.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory have created a compact device that can generate terahertz radiation, a non-ionizing form of electromagnetic radiation. This technology has the potential to enhance airport security by detecting hazardous substances and identify certain types of cancers through imaging capabilities.
The new journal will link all aspects of the chemical sciences by publishing research on energy conversion and storage, alternative fuel technologies, and environmental science. Free access to previous content will be available following a simple registration process.
The new devices have electron-mobility values higher than amorphous silicon, low threshold voltages, and high operational stability. They can be produced at room temperature, making them compatible with flexible plastic substrates.