A global ocean observing system is crucial to measure the health of our oceans and respond to climate change. The Partnership for Observation of the Global Oceans urges completion of a comprehensive system within 10 years.
Cambridge researchers identified distinct brain patterns in individuals with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and their close family members. This discovery could lead to more accurate diagnosis and prediction of OCD risk, as well as a better understanding of the underlying causes of the condition.
Scientists are uncertain about nanotechnology's health and environmental implications, with concerns about pollution, new health problems, and job losses outweighing benefits. The disconnect between scientific understanding and public perception hinders informed discussion and policy.
A review of 62 Mayo Clinic patients who underwent cryoablation to treat cancerous kidney tumors found that all patients remained cancer-free for up to two and a half years after the procedure. The treatment's effectiveness was demonstrated by the successful elimination of 89 out of 91 tumors in a single treatment session.
A new book on fauna and flora in the ALMA region has been published, showcasing unique observations of local species and key initiatives to protect them. The book is a valuable educational resource for students and teachers in northern Chile.
A study published in World Journal of Gastroenterology found that age, burden, divorce, and heavy tea consumption are significant risk factors for erosive esophagitis. Additionally, routine consumption of greasy food and constipation were identified as risk factors for non-erosive reflux disease.
A study found massive necrosis after trans-catheter treatment for liver cancer to be more common when a tumor capsule is present. Patients with tumors between 2-6 cm, low CLIP scores, and no constitutional syndrome were most likely to experience this outcome.
A recent study published in Molecular Ecology reveals that the genetic distribution of brown bears was not solely determined by Ice Age isolation. Instead, human hunting and land use have had a significant impact on their genetics, allowing them to survive and thrive in central Europe during the coldest periods. This new understanding ...
The Swiss Experiment brings together experts to tackle climate change, natural hazards, and sustainable resource use with innovative data collection and analysis. The project aims to improve models predicting floods, avalanches, and landslides, while documenting environmental degradation and change.
Researchers have developed a new drug called nitrosyl-cobinamide, a direct NO-releasing agent that could potentially treat hypertension and heart disease. The compound binds tightly to nitric oxide, forming a reversible NO donor, which may offer a safer alternative to existing treatments.
Researchers challenge the prevailing view that the Colorado Plateau shifted north during the Jurassic Period, citing evidence from ancient dunes and climate modeling. The findings indicate the area remained at the equator, sparking a new conundrum in the scientific community.
A new study highlights the struggles of living with HIV/AIDS in Serbia, where people face stigma, loneliness, and insecure access to treatment. The research finds that high levels of stress and anxiety result from these challenges, impacting quality of life.
Researchers have successfully thawed ice from Lake Vostok, an ancient lake beneath Antarctica, in search of microorganisms that may hold secrets to surviving in extreme environments. The team aims to gain insights into how these tiny organisms adapted to live in darkness and isolation.
Researchers have developed a new method to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the HIV-1 V3 loop, revealing biologically dependent amino acids that form 'co-evolving' ties across the protein. This study advances understanding of HIV-1 evolution and identifies potential targets for future research.
A brain scanning experiment found that when colleagues earn less, participants show stronger activation in the brain's reward centre. Traditional economic theory suggests that only absolute size of rewards matters, but this study reveals relative earnings play a major role in motivation.
A study by Dr. Jason Plaks and Kristin Stecher found that individuals with a fixed view of their abilities become anxious and disoriented upon achieving dramatic success, leading to poor performance, whereas those with a malleable view perform better under similar circumstances.
A study by researchers at the Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute found that exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) prior to pregnancy can reduce the number of eggs in a woman's ovaries, potentially limiting fertility. The compounds are widespread pollutants found in cigarette smoke, car exhaust, and charred foods.
Researchers at CU-Boulder and University of Milan found that short segments of DNA can assemble into liquid crystal phases with 'self-orient' properties, paving the way for a new scenario on the origin of life. The discovery was made by observing how short DNA segments could condense into droplets in which conditions are favorable for ...
Research published in Occupational and Environmental Medicine suggests that high temperatures increase the risk of cardiovascular death from heart disease or stroke. Ozone levels are a common link between temperature fluctuations, with higher ozone levels associated with increased cardiovascular mortality.
A survey found that doctors and patients with herpes have poor understanding of the infection, including its transmission and treatment. Doctors overestimated the emotional impact and underestimated viral shedding risks.
Researchers found a 30% increase in tremor activity with rising tides, contradicting assumptions that water would clamp down on the movement. The tremors are likely caused by tidal stresses from gravitational influences of sun and moon.
Researchers at Kiel University and IFM-GEOMAR will investigate the effects of climate change on tropical oceans' oxygen levels, impacting marine ecosystems and carbon balance. The new SFB aims to better understand mechanisms and define a quantitative basis for these interactions.
Transnational English language TV channels are being used to project nation-states' voices and policies in the global Anglosphere. These channels also aim to reach diasporic audiences and provide tools for development, challenging traditional notions of foreign policy and development goals.
Researchers at Brown University have made a groundbreaking discovery, finding Cooper pairs in both superconductors and insulators. The team's findings suggest that Cooper pairs behave differently in each material, with some forming solo pairs in insulators that cannot make continuous electric current.
A new study by MIT researchers has found that children of mothers with contaminated water supplies during pregnancy exhibit gene expression changes associated with cancer and other diseases. The team developed a reliable test using 11 genes, offering an alternative to routine blood tests.
A rotavirus vaccine has been shown to be highly effective in preventing gastroenteritis episodes in children, with high protection rates against all severities of the condition. The vaccine also significantly reduces the need for hospital treatment and medical attention related to gastroenteritis.
Researchers found that individuals with severe autobiographical episodic memory loss can still understand others' emotions and intentions. This preserved ability may be linked to semantic memory, which was left intact after the injury.
Scientists at Cardiff University developed an industrial lens with nanoscopic structures to capture more light in low-light environments. The lens has potential uses in optoelectronics, photovoltaics, fibre optics, sensors, and medical diagnostic devices.
The Australian health system is facing significant challenges, including inadequate funding and poor access to care for Indigenous populations. The Editorial argues that a substantial reform program is needed to achieve better health outcomes for all, building on Labor's vision for New Directions in Australian Health.
Researchers found that older sand filters with established biofilms effectively remove geosmin and MIB, reducing the earthy taste in tap water. The study suggests using biologically active sand filters can improve water purification, making water safer for consumption.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have successfully transplanted new blood-forming stem cells into the bone marrow of mice, effectively replacing their immune systems. This technique could potentially treat autoimmune and genetic blood diseases by introducing a healthy immune system.
Research funding into deafness in the UK is only a fraction of the estimated £13.5 billion in productivity losses due to hearing impairment. The Lancet Editorial highlights the need for further interventions to prevent or reverse hearing damage and improve quality of life for those affected.
Scientists at the Weizmann Institute have proposed a mechanism that explains the precision of trinucleotide repeat diseases like Huntington's. They suggest that the genes carrying the disease code accumulate more DNA repeats over time until a critical threshold is crossed.
A recent study by the Economic and Social Research Council found that internet users are willing to sacrifice their privacy if they trust the organization requesting personal information. The research revealed that even people who declare themselves unconcerned about privacy will oppose ID cards if the request process feels invasive.
Patients with venous thromboembolism face a substantially higher long-term risk of heart attack and stroke, with relative risks comparable to those for diabetes and smoking. The study found that the combined increased risk for arterial cardiovascular events was between 20% and 40% higher over 20 years.
Researchers discovered the essential design features of coiled coil silks in bees, ants, and wasps, which are produced by larvae using different methods. The unique protein structure produces a lightweight yet tough silk, likely contributing to the social insects' evolutionary success.
Researchers at UC San Diego discovered that certain genes can switch between two phenotypes spontaneously, allowing cells to adapt to changing conditions. This phenomenon, known as epigenetic multistability, can be beneficial for gene expression and is crucial for understanding genetic inheritance.
Scientists have identified novel enzymes in termite guts that can improve biofuel production from wood and waste biomass. The discovery was made by analyzing the genomic sequence of termite gut microbes, revealing a rich source of enzymes for accelerating cellulosic biofuels.
Researchers at the University of Utah Health found that lung transplantation rarely extends children's survival and can even increase their risk of dying. The study analyzed data from 514 patients with cystic fibrosis and found that only one patient showed a clear benefit from transplantation, while others were at a higher risk of death.
Babies as young as six months old showed a preference for individuals who help others, while hindering was met with disdain. This early ability to evaluate people suggests that assessing interactions is central to processing the social world.
Researchers uncover the mechanism of photoprotection in plants, enabling them to convert excess light energy into harmless heat. This discovery could lead to more resilient crops and improved solar energy technology.
Scientists from University College Cork, Dalian University of Technology, and Cardiff University developed a method for synthesizing bamboo-structured carbon nanotubes. The study found that catalytic nanoparticles played a key role in the synthesis process and acted as nucleation seeds for growth.
Kalirin-7, a critical brain protein, is linked to learning and memory. It enhances synaptic spines in the brain, leading to better communication between neurons.
A new study challenges current projections by finding that historic climate variability is a better predictor of reptilian and amphibian diversity in Europe than contemporary climate. This contradicts previous studies and has profound implications for predicting biodiversity impacts of climate change.
Researchers reported a rare case of an adrenal adenoma producing carcinoembryonic antigen, highlighting the importance of serum CEA levels in diagnosis. Laparoscopic adrenectomy was successfully performed using combined lateral and anterior transperitoneal approach.
Two studies published in BMC Genomics have identified over 1,400 genes involved in grape ripening and revealed the first biochemical evidence of reactive oxygen species accumulation during color transition. The findings provide a powerful new resource for understanding fruit ripening control in non-climacteric plants.
Trinity College researchers have developed a technique to grow grid patterns of nanotube arrays, which can be used to strengthen polymer composites. This innovation is expected to lead to the incorporation of carbon nanotubes in various applications such as flat panel displays and flexible electronic devices.
Researchers found that biological clocks influence gene activity by controlling chromosome coiling in cyanobacteria, suggesting a universal theme for higher organisms. The study provides direct evidence of the regulatory mechanism, which could explain why some genes are active during the day and night.
Researchers found that acetylcholine enhances visual processing by selectively enhancing information in the brain's visual cortex. This enhancement allows neurons to detect and signal stimuli below detection threshold, a process similar to how attention strengthens signals.
Researchers found that Mars' surface remained molten for 100 million years, implying a thick atmosphere to insulate the planet and slow cooling. This persistence is surprisingly long, with implications for the planet's early history.
Research at the University of Alabama at Birmingham found that mice exposed to cigarette smoke and fed a liquid diet containing ethanol had a 4.7-fold increase in artery lesions, compared to those breathing filtered air and eating a normal solid diet.
A new study in journal Ecography analyzes Bergmann's rule in European carnivore mammals, partitioning body mass variation into historical and ecological components. The findings show that patterns can be better explained by recent and independent evolution of each species as a response to environmental conditions.
Researchers have identified a brain region, the left supramarginal gyrus, that selectively amplifies behaviorally significant speech sounds. This area is involved in categorical perception, which is crucial for recognizing distinct patterns in sensory input.
Researchers found unprecedented survival for patients with multiple myeloma when treated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone, achieving a median survival of nearly three years. The study shows promise for early treatment and has changed official guidelines to add REVLIMID as an initial treatment.
A new predictive model of disease spread has been developed using actual travel and census data from over 3,000 urban areas in 220 countries. The model provides predictions of outbreak likelihood and potential spread, with simulations that fit the actual SARS virus pattern in 2002.
Researchers found that carbon monoxide inhalation restores mitochondrial biogenesis in doxorubicin-treated mice, preventing cardiomyopathy. Overexpression of the protein HO-1 also reduced mitochondrial DNA damage and cell death in rat cardiac cells.
A team of experts prioritized key issues in breast cancer research, including molecular signatures to spare chemotherapy and optimal chemotherapy regimens. The study aims to focus translational research resources on these critical areas, ensuring better patient management and treatment outcomes.
Findings from two large clinical trials demonstrate significant improvement in patients with multiple myeloma who received Revlimid, an oral cancer drug, compared to those receiving a placebo. The study showed improved median survival and response rates, offering new hope for patients with this challenging disease.
Researchers at Trinity College Dublin have developed a new method for growing controllable densities of interconnect type multiwall nanotubes with high proportions of Y-junction and multiple junction nanotubes. This breakthrough enables fine-tuning of junction structures through control of initial conditions and processing parameters.
A new study published in JCI Journals reveals that smoking before pregnancy or while breast-feeding may decrease the fertility of female offspring by reducing resting and early growing follicles. The effects are mediated through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), which upregulates expression of the Harakiri gene, leading to cell death.