Researchers have discovered that stem cells isolated from hair follicles can differentiate into smooth muscle cells that grow new vasculature, making them ideal for engineering cardiovascular tissue regeneration. This breakthrough may lead to the development of new treatments for vascular grafts and cardiac tissue regeneration.
Research by George Mason University's Adam Winsler found that talking to themselves boosts preschool kids' performance on motor tasks. The study also showed that children with behavioral problems benefit from private speech, which can help them develop better communication skills.
Researchers at the University of Leeds have increased the operating temperature of a terahertz quantum cascade laser by nearly ten degrees, bringing handheld devices a step closer to reality. This breakthrough could unlock opportunities in fields like industrial process monitoring, atmospheric science, and medicine.
Blunt cerebrovascular injuries can be accurately diagnosed using whole-body MDCT, rivaling the effectiveness of neck MDCT angiography. The study found that both methods had comparable accuracy in detecting these injuries.
Scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory discovered that protein Pum helps build memories by selectively altering individual synapses in fruit flies. The study, published in PLOS Computational Biology, used computational analysis to predict the interactions of Pum with other genes and confirmed its role in memory formation.
Researchers at Yale University have successfully created new neurons using uterine stem cells, which increased dopamine levels and partially corrected Parkinson's disease symptoms in mice. This breakthrough has significant implications for the development of a potential human treatment.
A Penn State study found that early living together, marriage, and parenting can have positive benefits for some young adults, particularly those from low-income families. The researchers compared depressive symptoms between those who made an early family transition and those who did not, and found few differences between the two groups.
A family-based study found a significant association between pesticide use, particularly herbicides and insecticides, and an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease. The research team recruited 319 patients and over 200 relatives to analyze the relationship between pesticide exposure and Parkinson's disease development.
A global sanitation fund has been launched, with 32 African countries pledging to spend at least 0.5% of their GDP on sanitation and hygiene. Improved water and sanitation have a tremendous positive impact on health, but sanitation has languished at the bottom of the international agenda for far too long.
A new study published in PLOS Computational Biology suggests that identical twins with the same lifestyle can have different body weights due to infinite number of possible body weight solutions. This challenges traditional understanding of body weight change, suggesting it may be influenced by multiple factors beyond diet and exercise.
The study analyzed 180,000 patients from 52 studies, demonstrating small non-significant reductions in death and myocardial infarction with a greater than 50% decrease in subsequent TVR procedures. Significant 20% and 11% reductions in death and MI were also observed, even after adjustment for confounding variables.
A randomized trial of 498 patients found that second-generation antipsychotics did not outperform first-generation drugs in reducing symptoms. The study's results suggest that clinicians should consider cost and treatment duration when selecting an antipsychotic medication for first-episode schizophrenia.
Researchers at Northwestern University discovered that a single negative experience linked to an odor rapidly teaches us to identify and discriminate it from similar ones. The study found specific changes in brain regions enhancing perceptual sensitivity for smells with high biological relevance.
A Northwestern University team has developed a method to assemble polymer and small molecule into flexible but strong sacs that can grow human stem cells. The sacs have been shown to survive for weeks in culture, allow proteins to pass through the membrane, and even self-repair damaged membranes.
A study by UCLA researchers found significant disparities in healthcare quality for African Americans, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic whites in California's Medi-Cal program. The study suggests that efforts to improve services for minority populations could lead to better health outcomes and reduced healthcare costs.
A tiny beetle, the mesquite girdler, is speeding up desertification by regulating plant growth. The beetle's actions are depleting nutrients for other plant species, altering the Chihuahuan desert's ecosystem.
In Northern Vietnam, a significant disparity between reported and actual neonatal mortality rates has been discovered. The discrepancy highlights the need for robust health statistics to guide national and international health initiatives.
A study of 80 years of research found that cooperative learning leads to better social relationships, academic success, and peer interaction among 12- to 15-year-olds. In contrast, competitive and individualistic environments hinder friendships and lower achievement scores.
Researchers have mapped the 8-mile thick molten rock layers beneath the Atlantic Ocean's edges, providing insight into the break-up of continents and massive greenhouse gas releases. The study also developed a new method to see through lava flows, enabling oil exploration in previously restricted areas.
A team of physicists and engineers at the University of Bristol demonstrated control of single particles of light on a silicon chip, a crucial step towards a super-powerful quantum computer. The controlled-NOT gate, the building block of a quantum computer, was achieved with high-fidelity operation.
Researchers found PTSD associated with increased mental healthcare utilization and hospitalizations in urban primary care patients. Trauma exposure was also linked to substance dependence and depression, but not necessarily to increased healthcare use apart from mental health visits.
Kristjan Haule, a Rutgers physicist, has received a $50,000 Sloan Foundation Research Fellowship to develop computer simulations predicting properties of novel materials with layers only a few atoms thick. These materials have the potential to replace traditional semiconducting devices for solar energy conversion.
Researchers have identified a class of retinal cells called JAM-B cells that play a crucial role in detecting upward motion. These cells have a distinct physical arrangement of their dendrites, which is crucial for their function.
Studies find that rare genetic deletions and duplications in schizophrenia patients disrupt genes involved in brain development, potentially implicating hundreds of genes. The findings support a new approach for discovering genes associated with the disorder.
A recent study by Texas A&M University researchers found that increased knowledge about global warming is linked to decreased concern and sense of responsibility among Americans. The study suggests that high levels of confidence in scientists may be contributing to this phenomenon.
Researchers have developed a new method to identify mutated genes in human diseases by analyzing gene expression data. The study identified candidate genes for 81 diseases, including epilepsy and muscular dystrophy, paving the way for a better understanding of disease mechanisms.
Researchers identified a genetic variant associated with severe tuberculosis (TB) in Vietnam, highlighting the importance of studying host-pathogen interactions. The study suggests that understanding genetic susceptibility to infectious diseases may lead to more targeted treatments and vaccines.
A study found that only 16% of Australians who started using asthma preventer medications regularly, while most new users stopped filling prescriptions after two years. The research highlights a significant gap between guidelines and real-world use.
Researchers in Costa Rica have successfully restored a tropical rainforest ecosystem by planting mixed-species tree plantations on worn-out pasture land. The project, led by Carl Leopold, has shown promising results, with native species and fungi helping to control erosion and support growth.
Despite increased life expectancy, Americans aged 65+ face disparities in health status, economic security, and education. Key findings include a widening gap in median net worth between white and black households, as well as lower life expectancies compared to other industrialized countries.
Researchers investigated B-meson decays to understand the origin of matter's dominance over antimatter in the universe. The study reveals a significant discrepancy between theoretical models and observations, suggesting the presence of a new principle of physics.
A Yale study reveals weight bias is as common as racial discrimination, with women experiencing twice the risk of men, and affecting workplace and interpersonal interactions. The study documents self-reported weight discrimination and compares it to experiences of racial and gender-based discrimination among adults.
Biologists at Purdue University have determined the structural changes that enable dengue virus to mature and become infectious. The researchers found that the changing acidity plays a vital role in this process, allowing the virus to fuse with cell membranes and infect new host cells.
A study found that relaxation response training significantly improved treatment of isolated systolic hypertension in elderly patients. The approach reduced the need for medication and cut healthcare costs by billions of dollars. By eliciting the relaxation response, participants experienced a significant drop in systolic blood pressure.
A new breed of targeted cancer drugs is attacking specific proteins in cancer cells, but also causes devastating dermatologic side effects. The Cancer Skin Care Program at Northwestern University provides specially formulated lotions and drugs to help patients preserve their dignity and quality of life.
Researchers discovered that Librodor japonicus beetles employ distinct strategies to attract mates based on their body size. Smaller males use 'sneaky matings' behind larger males, while medium-sized beetles search for unoccupied feeding sites. This unique approach ensures all individuals have a chance at finding a mate without conflict.
Researchers have identified a key player in the killing of brain cells after a stroke or seizure - asparagine endopeptidase (AEP). AEP unleashes enzymes that break down brain cells' DNA, causing permanent damage.
The APOLLO study found that once-daily basal insulin glargine achieved similar reductions in haemoglobin A1c to thrice-daily prandial insulin lispro, with improved patient satisfaction. Insulin glargine was associated with fewer injections, lower risk of hypoglycaemia, and greater patient satisfaction compared to insulin lispro.
A comprehensive review of breast cancer research identifies key gaps in treatment and patient care, calling for increased attention on prevention, detection, and spread. The charity Breast Cancer Campaign is already funding innovative projects to fill these gaps and improve survival rates.
A study published in Journal of Palliative Medicine explores the concept of hope in ALS patients, revealing a range of coping capabilities that extend beyond physical disability. The research highlights several themes of hope, including personal fulfillment, social support, and spiritual beliefs.
Scientists discover squid beak is both extremely hard and stiff at the tip and soft at the base, allowing it to capture prey without harming itself. This unique property inspires new possibilities for joining materials together.
A Mayo Clinic study found that 82% of retired NFL players under 50 had abnormal artery narrowing and blockages. The researchers emphasize the need for regular cardiovascular screening in football players to prevent serious cardiovascular events.
Pittsburgh researchers present study findings on preeclampsia, a condition affecting 5% of first pregnancies, and elevated maternal cardiovascular risk persisting after preterm birth. Researchers also explore healthcare provider conversations about substance use during pregnancy.
Scientists have developed a technique that combines atomic force microscopy with spectroscopic imaging to analyze extremely small sample sizes. This new approach enables the analysis of samples down to femtogram levels, revolutionizing the field of nanoscale chemical analysis.
A new study reveals that people with a normal body mass index (BMI) but high body fat percentage are at risk for metabolic disturbances and heart disease. The researchers found that these individuals had altered blood lipid profiles, high leptin levels, and higher rates of metabolic syndrome.
Scientists have developed a new form of stretchable silicon integrated circuit that can wrap around complex shapes, such as spheres and aircraft wings. The new design allows the circuit to be folded and stretched without reducing electrical performance.
Researchers from UCLA used high-resolution technique array CGH to examine the genome of two human embryonic stem cell lines, finding differences in gene numbers that could impact disease susceptibility and therapeutic applications. These differences can provide a unique genetic fingerprint for each line, enabling researchers to choose ...
Social anxiety disorder is a chronic and pernicious condition that can lead to depression and substance abuse in adulthood. Research highlights the importance of understanding its neurobiological underpinnings, including increased amygdala activity and heritable temperamental traits.
A team of researchers found that deletions and duplications of DNA are more common in people with schizophrenia, affecting genes related to brain development and neurological function. The study suggests that schizophrenia is caused by many different mutations in many different genes.
Researchers pooled data from 15 clinical trials to compare the efficacy of rectal artemisinins and conventional injectable antimalarials like quinine. Rectal artemisinins cleared malarial parasites more rapidly than quinine, suggesting they could be a lifesaving intervention in severe malaria cases.
A $150,000 grant from Quebec's Ministère du Développement économique will support Dr. Constantin Polychronakos' research into preventing type 2 diabetes by triggering insulin-producing thymus cells. The collaboration with Chinese scientists aims to develop a new therapeutic approach using high-performance drug screening equipment.
Dr. Tracy Rupp won the National Sleep Foundation Young Investigator Award for her work on sleep extension and its effects on performance and task acquisition. She demonstrated that extended sleep has a 'banked' recuperative value, contrary to current thinking.
The brain can detect calorie content in food independently of taste, according to a study published in Neuron. The research found that the brain's reward system is activated by caloric intake, leading to a preference for calorie-containing foods over non-caloric sweeteners.
Florida State University has been awarded a two-year $2.5 million grant from the US Department of Agriculture to provide climate forecasting for farmers in Florida, Georgia, and Alabama. The research will help farmers make informed decisions on planting crops such as peanuts, cotton, and strawberries.
Dr. Watts' research suggests that serotonin may play a role in lowering blood pressure, contradicting previous findings that it causes constriction. She hopes to resolve the 'serotonin puzzle' with her lecture and gather input from fellow physiologists.
Recruitment of pediatric cancer patients into clinical trials is challenging due to age-specific barriers. The article emphasizes the need for more research and international cooperation to improve trial participation, particularly among young people.
A six-year study reveals that climate anomalies like El Nino can drive many small farmers to ruin, forcing them into cities without adequate support. The researchers found a rapid decay in farmers' memories of major climate events due to high rates of turnover and limited access to information.
Researchers and volunteers have intensified the search for wolverine evidence in the Tahoe National Forest after a recent photograph was captured. Genetic analysis of scat and hair samples is underway to determine the animal's origin and sex, with potential implications for conservation efforts.
A UK physician's groundbreaking study reveals that siRNA therapies may have unintended consequences, such as blocking blood vessel growth in various organs. This discovery underscores the need for cautious approach in clinical trials using gene silencing technology.
Researchers found that official apologies can create a perception of remorse, but their effectiveness in promoting forgiveness is limited. The study suggests that intergroup apologies should be considered as part of a long process of reconciliation rather than a magic solution to heal past wounds.