A study published in JAMA found that individuals who received monthly tips from trained counselors regained less weight than those using a custom-built weight-loss Web site or self-directed approach. The average weight regain was 9 pounds for the counseling group, compared to 12 pounds for both the web site and self-directed groups.
Brown University professor Peter Schultz presents findings from Peruvian meteorite research, discovering a 49-foot-wide crater and planar deformation features indicating the meteorite maintained high speed during atmospheric entry. The study's implications for Mars craters and extraterrestrial object sizes challenge conventional wisdom.
A University of Maryland study of 1841 hospitals in 13 states found that when whites and minorities are admitted for the same reason, they receive the same quality care. However, the study also identified low-performing hospitals where minority patients face higher risks of mortality and complications.
A reliable blood test for Parkinson's disease could revolutionize care and research, according to a new study. The test uses a 'metabolomic profile' to identify unique changes in dozens of small molecules in serum that are linked to the disease.
A recent study found that personalized and web-based support have an equal impact on successful long-term weight loss. The research, led by Kaiser Permanente, suggests that frequent follow-up and tailored encouragement are key to maintaining weight loss.
Researchers found that acute stress activates corticotropin-releasing hormones, disrupting memory formation by disintegrating dendritic spines. Blocking CRH molecules' interaction can eliminate stress damage to these structures.
Researchers found that combining stenting with photodynamic therapy improved survival rates for patients with advanced liver bile duct cancer, reducing mortality by 57% compared to stenting treatment alone. The study suggests that this combined approach can help extend survival rates for these patients.
Researchers developed a mathematical model estimating asymptomatic infections in malaria transmission. The model predicts that regions of moderate transmission can be eradicated below a threshold, making industrialized nations highly unlikely to experience re-emergence.
Researchers identified a key mechanism by which macrophages recognize friendly cells, preventing them from being eaten. This discovery could lead to new treatments for inflammatory diseases such as arthritis and atherosclerosis.
Researchers studied the beetle's shell using advanced imaging techniques to understand its color-changing property. The study found that the light interferes with the structure to produce the green color, and when water penetrates, it destroys the interference phenomenon leading to a black coloration.
The Naval Research Laboratory will design a lunar telescope, the Dark Ages Lunar Interferometer (DALI), to study the last unexplored epoch in the Universe's history. The telescope aims to detect signals from hydrogen atoms in the Dark Ages, which can provide insights into the first stars, galaxies, and modern Universe.
A recent study found that weight loss and major lifestyle changes are more effective in treating type 2 diabetes than intensive insulin therapy. Insulin resistance, caused by high-calorie diets, can lead to organ damage and increase the risk of complications such as heart disease and blindness.
Researchers found that personal contact and computer-based support systems helped participants maintain weight loss for two and a half years. Over 70% of participants weighed less at the end of the study than when they started, with those in the personal contact group achieving the highest success rate.
Researchers identified distinct behavioral risk factors for head and neck cancers caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) versus those not caused by HPV. HPV-positive cancers were linked to sexual behaviors and marijuana use, while HPV-negative cancers were associated with tobacco smoking, alcohol use, and poor oral hygiene.
Researchers have discovered that reactive glial cells in injured brains can differentiate into new nerve cells through the activation of neural stem cells. This finding has significant implications for the development of therapies for brain injuries.
Researchers found that people with schizophrenia use different areas of their brain than healthy individuals for working memory. While healthy subjects relied on a specialized network, schizophrenic patients used a wider network to achieve the same goal.
Researchers found approximately one in every two hundred genes showed an epigenetic difference in the brains of psychiatric patients. These changes were noted on genes involved in neurotransmission, brain development, and other processes linked to disease origins.
A new book by Steven Small and colleagues examines how the brain functions when people participate in sports as athletes, coaches, and fans. The study reveals that professional athletes activate only critical regions of the brain, while novices have to engage multiple regions due to emotional involvement.
A genetic marker for obesity has been refined to better understand its role in various human populations. The finding suggests an ancient mutation that first arose in Africa may be a key factor in the development of obesity.
A study found that monthly personal contact with a counselor reduced weight regain by 3.3 lbs compared to self-directed programs, while interactive technology-based interventions showed similar results. More than 70% of participants maintained at least 8.8 lbs of weight loss.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison studied embryonic chick feet to understand digit growth. They found that phalanges form from mesenchymal cells, not cartilage, and are shaped by complex signals from genes. This discovery may help explain bradydactyly conditions in humans.
A combination of an insect protein and Bt toxin kills crop pests more effectively than either ingredient alone, inhibiting growth rate and reducing resistance. Researchers found a synergistic effect increasing mortality rates by over 10 times.
Marine microorganisms have evolved a way to break the rules of photosynthesis, releasing less oxygen and absorbing fewer carbon dioxide. This discovery impacts our understanding of photosynthesis and its effect on atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.
A study by the American Heart Association found that individuals who received monthly personal counseling maintained significant weight loss over a 30-month period. The results showed that 42% of participants lost at least 4kg and 71% weighed less than their initial weight.
Researchers have created a new mouse model of mania, allowing them to study the complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors contributing to bipolar disorder. The study found that mice missing the GluR6 gene exhibited symptoms of mania, including increased activity, reduced anxiety, and aggressive behavior.
Researchers found that CD95 on glioblastoma cells is activated by CD95L, leading to the production of MMP9, which cuts through tissue layers and allows cancer cells to invade healthy tissue. Blocking this activation may be a new approach to stopping glioblastoma's spread.
Researchers like Brad Marston use statistical physics to analyze climate patterns, providing insights into the driving concepts behind global warming. By focusing on the larger mechanisms that drive changes in rainfall, scientists can improve their understanding of climate change and its effects.
Researchers found that COX-2 expression is a marker for cancer development in some benign breast biopsies, with higher levels associated with increased risk. The study's results may lead to targeted treatments using COX-2 inhibiting agents.
Research from Harvard Medical School reveals that life expectancy rises significantly for individuals with more than 12 years of education, while those with less education experience little to no improvement. The study attributes the mortality gap between educated and less-educated individuals to smoking-related illnesses.
Researchers have uncovered the structure of a protein complex responsible for adding sugar molecules to proteins, crucial for many protein functions. The discovery may help understand diseases resulting from faulty glycosylation processes.
Researchers found that combining propofol and remifentanil with patient-controlled administration provides optimal pain relief while reducing staffing costs. This approach could help patients recover quicker and reduce healthcare expenses.
A nationwide study in the Netherlands found that women diagnosed with early-stage ovarian cancer treated at semispecialized or specialized hospitals survived longer than those treated at general hospitals. The estimated five-year survival improved with increasing specialization of the treatment facility, from 38% to 40.3%.
Scientists at NIST have created a synthetic cartilage replacement that can withstand hundreds of pounds of pressure and is pliable like gelatin. The double-network hydrogels' unique structure helps dissipate deformation energy, allowing them to endure large deformations without breaking apart.
UC San Diego researchers have identified a novel protein called Atg30 that controls peroxisome degradation, a process linked to cell growth, aging, and homeostasis. The discovery allows scientists to control this aspect of cellular autophagy, potentially leading to new insights into aging, immunity, neurodegeneration, and cancer.
Researchers at University of Illinois Chicago discovered a new biomarker for depression by analyzing the location of a protein in the brain. The study found that depressed individuals have a greater proportion of Gs alpha protein confined to lipid rafts, which can be used to predict the efficacy of antidepressant therapy.
Researchers at Emory and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta are partnering with UCLA and Stanford hospitals to develop new ways to make kidney transplants more tolerable for children. The goal is to create a simple blood or urine test to inform doctors whether kidney rejection is 'revving up,' possibly avoiding painful biopsies.
A recent study at the University of Illinois found that increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere leads to decreased soil organic matter, contradicting expectations. The researchers attribute this finding to increased moisture in the soil, which accelerates decomposition and reduces soil productivity.
Obese women should not be encouraged to gain at least 15 pounds during pregnancy, according to Saint Louis University obstetrician Raul Artal. Engaging in physical activity and proper diet can help prevent health issues like hypertension and diabetes.
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) is addressing the growing challenge of antimicrobial resistance through a multifaceted research approach. The institute is investing over $800 million annually in basic and translational research to understand the causes, consequences, and treatments of antimicrobial dru...
Researchers at UCF have identified a new protein family that regulates macrophage activation, potentially leading to the development of treatments for inflammatory diseases. The discovery has implications for conditions such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and obesity-induced type 2 diabetes.
Researchers found advanced-stage ovarian cancer patients with non-Ashkenazi Jewish BRCA mutations experience longer progression-free and overall survival rates compared to those without BRCA mutations. Additionally, a majority of women with ovarian cancer are unaware that BRCA testing is available, despite it potentially improving thei...
Scientists at Michigan State University have developed a new genetic technique that allows for rapid analysis of E. coli bacteria using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This breakthrough enables the identification of specific bacterial groups and their associated toxins, which can help predict disease outbreaks.
Researchers used computer simulation models to examine the impact of various intervention strategies on a pandemic influenza outbreak in a population similar to Chicago. The study found that providing preemptive household antiviral treatments and minimizing contact could play a major role in reducing the spread of illness.
A new analysis by economists at the University of California, Berkeley and UC San Diego shows a significant increase in China's carbon dioxide emissions growth, far surpassing previous estimates. The study predicts an annual growth rate of at least 11 percent for China between 2004 and 2010.
A UBC study warns that US corn-based ethanol production will increase nitrogen levels in the Mississippi River, harming the Gulf of Mexico's 'Dead Zone'. The researchers estimate a 10-19% increase in nitrogen loading, exceeding recommended limits and overwhelming mitigation options.
A French team found that a common genetic element, SymRK, is essential for nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between plants and bacteria. The study used transgenic plants to demonstrate the crucial role of SymRK in establishing symbiotic relationships.
A new study reveals that patients with kidney cancer often receive less optimal surgical care based on the surgeon's practice style rather than medical factors. The study found significant variation in surgeons' preferences for partial nephrectomy and laparoscopic surgery, despite their benefits.
A team of researchers from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute has successfully created an AI character in Second Life that can reason about its own beliefs and predict the behavior of human players. The 'Eddie' character, a 4-year-old child avatar, demonstrates reasoning abilities consistent with those of human children of the same age.
Inhalation of diesel exhaust induces stress response in brain activity, altering information processing. Researchers found that even short exposure can cause changes in brain waves, with effects lasting after subjects leave the room.
Researchers identified a protein called follistatin that could lead to new clinical treatments for musculoskeletal diseases, including Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Gene-delivery therapy involving FS treated hind leg muscles of mice, resulting in increased muscle mass and strength, well-tolerated for over two years.
Researchers found that poor sleep is strongly associated with high levels of psychological distress, depression, anger, and hostility in women. Women who reported longer time to fall asleep had higher levels of inflammatory proteins and insulin.
The March of Dimes has awarded $3.5 million to scientists studying the role of genes and heredity in premature births. The organization aims to understand the causes of preterm birth, which affects over half a million babies annually.
Researchers modelled pandemic flu to guide national planning, finding that prompt implementation of social-distancing measures combined with antiviral treatment and prophylaxis can reduce influenza cases by 83-94%.
Researchers found that low-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary is less sensitive to chemotherapy than more common high-grade ovarian cancers. The overall response rate was only 4% in patients with recurrent disease, and no response was observed in women with platinum-resistant disease.
A novel brain cancer drug showed promising results in mice but caused permanent bone damage in younger animals. The study raises concerns about using similar drugs to treat children's cancers until further understanding of possible risks is gained.
Researchers at the University of Illinois created a mixed reality state in a physical system by coupling a mechanical pendulum with a virtual one. The resulting state showed correlated motion between the two pendulums, even when their lengths were dissimilar.
A study by UCSD researchers reveals a link between chemical exposure and chronic, multi-symptom health problems in Persian Gulf War veterans. The study found that symptoms such as fatigue, muscle pain, and memory problems were more prevalent among veterans exposed to certain chemicals.
A recent study published in Osteoporosis International found that up to 50% of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis stop their treatment within a year due to side effects. The study showed that fractures have significant physical, psychological, and social implications on patients' quality of life.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine have deciphered the three-dimensional structure of a membrane-bound enzyme crucial to glycerol metabolism, a vital source of energy. The breakthrough could lead to advances against obesity, diabetes, and other diseases.
A recent study by Management Insights found that IT professionals with MBAs earn 46% more than those without. In contrast, IT professionals with master's degrees other than an MBA earn 37% less. The study analyzed data on over 50,000 IT professionals in the US and found that firms value IT experience more than non-IT experience.