Scientists at the University of Helsinki and the University of California have discovered a gene regulating carbon dioxide uptake and water evaporation in plants. This gene helps develop drought-tolerant crops, addressing climate change's impact on global food production.
Patients with HER2-positive tumours who receive trastuzumab treatment after diagnosing brain metastases have improved survival rates. The study found a correlation between triple receptor status and the incidence of brain metastases, as well as survival time.
A University of Minnesota study has shown promising results for thalidomide as a treatment for recurrent ovarian cancer. Patients who received the combination of thalidomide and topotecan had a higher overall response rate and longer cancer-free period compared to those receiving topotecan alone.
Australian yabbies possess a remarkable capacity for facial recognition, studying found that they can identify and distinguish between individuals. This ability is comparable to that of humans and some vertebrates, but rare in invertebrate species.
A new study found elevated markers of blood vessel inflammation in overweight Hispanic children with normal blood glucose levels, increasing their risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The research highlights the need for obesity prevention strategies tailored to this high-risk population.
A new tool assesses working memory capacity in classrooms, helping teachers identify and address the issue early on. The tool's development aims to improve learning outcomes for children with poor working memory.
Researchers used CT and MRI scans to detect bone erosions in RA wrists, finding that CT was more sensitive, but with limitations. The study validates the use of Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) scores for erosion assessment.
Stevens will co-lead a Center of Excellence for Maritime, Island and Port Security with the University of Hawaii, focusing on strengthening maritime domain awareness and safeguarding US islands' unique populations and properties. The partnership aims to develop new technologies and processes to ensure safe and efficient port operation.
Two studies suggest that universal access to healthcare can reduce racial and ethnic barriers to treatment for kidney disease. Minority patients and those on Medicare or with less education had longer dialysis times before being wait-listed, highlighting the need for improved insurance coverage.
The initiative aims to bring team-based science to bear on major cancer research questions, integrating expertise and resources to solve the most challenging problems. Twelve proposals were reviewed by an external scientific advisory panel, and four Keystone Programs were awarded $5 million in funding over five years.
A new study found that male European starlings exposed to environmental pollutants develop more complex songs, which are preferred by females, and show reduced immune function. The researchers also discovered an enlargement of the brain area controlling song complexity due to estrogen exposure.
Recent research suggests adult stem cells from blood or marrow may provide treatment benefits for certain autoimmune diseases and cardiovascular disorders. The studies indicate that these cells can contribute to modest improvement in cardiac function, but more clinical trials are needed to determine their effectiveness.
Researchers found that bats use magnetite as an 'internal compass' to help them navigate. The study involved giving Big Brown bats magnetic pulses and observing their behavior.
A study published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology found that artificial neural networks can accurately predict thyroid disease in patients with atrophic body gastritis. The analysis of 253 ABG patients revealed a high accuracy rate of 76%, correctly identifying 82% of patients with thyroid disease.
Scientists at Argonne's Advanced Photon Source have mapped the molecular structure of collagen fibrils, revealing how they bind to enzymes that regulate growth and development. This breakthrough could lead to the creation of inhibitors to prevent cancerous tumors or rheumatoid arthritis.
A new article suggests that the United States government should convert Guantanamo Bay into a biomedical research institute dedicated to combating diseases of poverty. The facility could conduct research on developing new drugs and vaccines, promote clinical research, and serve as a training ground for physicians and scientists.
The development of autonomous robot weapons is a growing concern, with the US DoD planning to spend an estimated $24 billion on unmanned systems technology. Professor Noel Sharkey warns that these robots could become a standard terrorist weapon, replacing suicide bombers.
The ESRC is funding two new research centers, the Centre for Population Change and the Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy, to explore migration, fertility, and ageing. The centers will provide evidence to support policy-making in these critical areas.
Researchers have identified a brain molecule, neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R), that plays a central role in stress-related drinking and may be a potential therapeutic target for alcohol dependence. The study found that blocking NK1R reduced alcohol craving and improved overall wellbeing among individuals with anxiety.
A recent study led by Hasbro Children's Hospital surgeon Albert Oh found that adults with unilateral coronal synostosis, a type of craniosynostosis, still exhibit facial asymmetry years after corrective surgery. The research used three-dimensional photo technology to measure the faces of patients and found consistent rotation of the no...
A Northwestern University team developed a mathematical method to rank scientific journals according to quality. The rankings will help scientists identify high-impact research papers and facilitate evaluations of researchers' work. The study analyzed citation data from nearly 23 million papers across 200 academic fields.
A study found that adolescents with ineffective depression medication saw improved symptoms when switching to a different antidepressant and adding cognitive behavioral therapy. The combination of treatments resulted in a higher rate of clinical response compared to changing medications alone.
A team of researchers used a supercomputer-powered virtual earthquake program to calculate realistic simulations of megathrust quakes on the Cascadia Subduction Zone. The simulation found that ground motion could be up to twice as large and duration shaking could last up to five minutes, posing major damage to metropolitan areas like S...
BMC Research Notes is launching to publish scientifically sound research, including updates, software tools, and negative results. This initiative aims to increase data sharing and accelerate future advances in science.
A new study by the University of Calgary's Faculty of Kinesiology found that Botulinium type-A toxin (BTX-A) can easily spread to surrounding muscles after injection. This challenges the widely-held belief that BTX-A remains localized to the targeted muscle site.
A multicenter trial found that uterine artery embolization (UAE) is a viable alternative to hysterectomy for women with symptomatic fibroids. After two years, patients who underwent UAE reported health-related quality of life equal to those who had undergone hysterectomy.
LSU researchers are developing an index of coastal community resilience, incorporating economic and environmental factors to educate policymakers on ways to increase resilience in weaker areas. The study aims to provide baseline information for decision-making, using data from 1970-2000.
The Triangulum Galaxy, located 2.9 million light-years from Earth, is ablaze with starbirth, according to a new image taken by NASA's Swift satellite. The image showcases the galaxy's high spatial resolution, revealing young, hot stars and star-forming gas clouds in unprecedented detail.
The crew will make groundbreaking measurements to explain how huge fluxes of climate-affecting gases move between atmosphere and sea. The Southern Ocean, comprising 30% of global seas, is a source of great uncertainty in the global system.
A Northwestern University study found that cancer patients taking erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) have a 10% increased risk of death compared to those who did not take the drugs. The study's findings suggest that ESAs may stimulate the growth of cancer cells, leading to shorter survival rates.
A recent study published in JAMA found that teenagers with difficult-to-treat depression who switched to another antidepressant medication and added psychotherapy showed significant improvement. The results suggest that a combination approach may be more effective than traditional treatment strategies for adolescents with treatment-res...
A study of 829 Canadian women diagnosed with early breast cancer found that they lost an average of 27% of their typical income during the first 12 months after diagnosis. The researchers also discovered that wage losses were more common among less educated women, those with more serious disease, and those with less social support.
Researchers at Penn have engineered living human nerve cells into a network that can be transplanted to repair damaged nerves. The three-dimensional neural network, created through the stretch growth technique, maintained its geometry and function after transplantation.
Research published in PLOS ONE found that the medial orbitofrontal cortex is highly specifically active within a seventh of a second in response to infant faces but not to adult faces. This finding has potentially important clinical application in relation to postnatal depression.
Researchers analyzed genetic sequences of influenza A H5N1 virus to understand its migration patterns. The study showed that certain provinces in southern China and neighboring countries shared evolutionary history with the virus.
A new UCLA report calculates that the federal poverty line grossly underestimates the basic costs of living for California's seniors, with average annual costs ranging from $21,011 to $37,263. The Elder Index provides a more comprehensive look at expenses elders face.
A protein called interleukin-8 (IL-8) promotes tumor growth and angiogenesis in ovarian cancer. Researchers have identified IL-8 as a therapeutic target and tested short interfering RNA (siRNA) to silence its production, reducing tumor size by attacking its blood supply.
Treating anemia with ESAs increases risk of VTE and death among cancer patients, according to a review of phase 3 trials. There was a significantly increased risk (57") of VTE among patients treated with ESA, while the risk of death was higher for ESA-treated patients compared to the control group.
Researchers from Wheaton College and The Field Museum discovered how the ancient Maya created the renowned blue pigment Maya Blue. They found that the pigment was produced through a ritual combination of indigo, palygorskite, and copal incense, which was then used in sacrificial ceremonies.
A combination vaccine using virus-like particles (VLPs) provides complete protection against Ebola and Marburg viruses in monkeys. This innovative approach has the potential to offer broad-based immunity and is considered a leading candidate for use as a filovirus vaccine in humans.
Researchers at University of Granada create monolithic carbon aerogel capable of eliminating benzene, toluene, and xylene, organic solvents widely used in the hydrocarbon industry. The material can be easily regenerated and used in multiple cycles.
A large randomized trial of personalized interventions found that two behavioral interventions did not significantly increase regular mammograms in female veterans. The study's findings support the generalizability to the US female population, which has seen a decline in mammography rates. Meanwhile, another study suggests that viral D...
Scientists at MIT have discovered a new type of antibiotic produced by Rhodococcus bacteria in response to a competing strain. The antibiotic, rhodostreptomycin, shows promise in treating Helicobacter pylori-caused stomach ulcers.
Researchers found that, when jazz musicians improvise, a large portion of the brain's prefrontal region 'takes 5' to let creativity flow. This shutdown allows for novel ideas and impulses to emerge. The study suggests this brain pattern is key to highly creative thought.
Researchers at Michigan Medicine have developed an oil-based nanoemulsion vaccine that produces strong immunity against smallpox and HIV in animal studies. The vaccine uses a mixture of soybean oil, alcohol, water, and detergents emulsified into ultra-small particles to trigger the body's immune response.
Researchers discovered a protein imbalance in Parkinson's disease patients and found that adding a phosphate group can reduce toxicity. The study suggests alpha-synuclein protein plays a key role in brain cell communication and may be a potential target for therapy.
Researchers at Indiana University have designed an organic molecule that can bind negatively charged ions, including fluorine and chlorine. The molecule's unique structure allows it to selectively grab these ions, making it a promising tool for various applications in biology and medicine.
A study found that 46% of patients received a maximum dose above 10% beyond the prescribed level, while 63% got a minimum dose below 10%, highlighting the need for standardization in intensity-modulated radiation therapy.
A study found that nearly 55% of teenagers with treatment-resistant depression showed improvement when switched to a different medication combined with cognitive behavioral therapy. The results suggest that clinicians should not hesitate to switch treatments, especially if an adolescent hasn't responded to initial treatment.
A new study using neurophysiology technology will track pelvic floor damage in women before, during, and after pregnancy. The goal is to determine if vaginal birth affects pelvic floor strength and coordination, or if other factors like pregnancy itself play a role.
Researchers developed artificial cell-like particles made of biodegradable material that can target specific diseases or infections. The new method enhances T cell activation by up to 45 times, addressing limitations of previous immunotherapy procedures.
Researchers have discovered that heart hormones can eliminate human pancreatic and breast cancers in mice, reducing tumors by up to 97%. The treatment has shown no side effects and has the potential to make cancer a chronic condition.
The Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) has launched with the first 30,000 species pages, providing a vast resource for scientists and policymakers to compare and contrast information about life on Earth. The EOL aims to accelerate biological and biomedical discovery by aggregating knowledge on Earth's estimated 1.8 million known species.
A new primer on human taste perception and biology has been published, providing a clear overview of recent advances in understanding this primal sense. The study reveals the importance of taste in both positive experiences, such as enjoying food, and critical life-dependent responses, like spitting out toxic substances.
A study on Mercury's gravity reveals a comet-like tail extending over 2.5 million kilometers away from the planet. Meanwhile, research finds that rising carbon dioxide levels are linked to increased ground-level ozone concentrations, harming lung function and respiratory systems.
Research at the University of Bath found that acne sufferers are less likely to participate in sport or exercise due to skin anxiety, leading to lower self-esteem and a poorer quality of life. The study aims to develop new ways to encourage acne sufferers to stay physically active.
Researchers have created a genetic reference collection of mutant Pisum sativum plants, enabling the investigation of essential genes using TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes) technique. This new tool has major benefits for crop breeders worldwide, providing an alternative to Agrobacterium-based techniques.
Research reveals invasive garden ants have already established widely in Europe, with potential for further infestations. The ants' dispersal strategy and originators were found to be limited, suggesting many more infestations may remain undiscovered.
A study of 214 residents found that nearly two-thirds received antibiotics during their stay, with most prescriptions given in the final weeks of life. The excessive use of antibiotics raises concerns about individual treatment burden and the development of antimicrobial resistance in nursing homes.
Researchers have found that electrons lose energy to carbon monoxide faster than to carbon dioxide at higher atmospheric levels on Mars and Venus. This discovery contributes to modeling techniques used for Earth's atmosphere, providing opportunities for validation and testing.