Researchers have developed a new tool to investigate the rice genome, covering nearly all 45,000 genes. The microarray reveals genes crucial for responding to light and stresses, including those involved in photosynthesis and photorespiration.
Researchers at Northwestern University believe spicy food, including pepperoni pizza, can worsen pelvic pain and urinary frequency in women with interstitial cystitis. A new treatment approach using anesthetic patches or suppositories may provide relief.
A new study published in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry emphasizes the high antioxidant content of natural cocoa powder. Natural cocoa powders contain an average of 34.6 mg of flavanols per gram, making them one of the richest sources of these beneficial antioxidants.
Philip R. Christensen, Regents' Professor of Geological Sciences at ASU, has been awarded the G.K. Gilbert Award for his work on remote sensing of minerals on Mars using infrared instruments. The award recognizes his discoveries, including a large deposit of hematite and silica minerals, which may offer clues about a Martian biosphere.
Scientists at the Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal have discovered a novel mechanism regulating neural stem cell development in the retina. The Ikaros gene plays a crucial role in conferring early temporal competence to retinal progenitor cells, enabling them to generate specific cell types at different stages of development.
A study found that children believe women and people of color have been excluded from the presidency due to discrimination. Many children also attribute this lack to a perceived need for specific attributes, such as intelligence or charisma.
A landmark clinical trial is underway to test whether a low-molecule-weight heparin can prevent pulmonary embolism in patients receiving chemotherapy on an outpatient basis. The trial aims to identify high-risk cancer patients and demonstrate that blood clots can be prevented with anti-coagulant therapy.
Researchers found that Pickleweed can thrive in saline conditions and tolerate high concentrations of boron, allowing for substantial reduction in drainage water volumes. The study suggests a potential solution for growers on California's Westside to reduce environmental impacts and costs associated with disposal.
Mice conditioned for safety display reduced anxiety in stressful situations, comparable to antidepressant medications. The study reveals learned safety influences brain development, including increased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and dopamine neurotransmitters.
Plastic surgeons are making significant advances in facial reconstruction using innovative technologies such as 3D modeling and prefabricated implants. These advancements benefit both wounded warriors and civilians hurt in inner-city violence or trauma.
Researchers have deciphered the complete genetic sequence of Plasmodium vivax, the leading cause of relapsing malaria. The findings provide new insights into the biology of vivax malaria and may lead to new tools for prevention and treatment.
A new study suggests that increased climate-related extreme rainfall events in the Great Lakes region will aggravate the risk for outbreaks of waterborne disease. The researchers found a potential 10 to 40% increase in extremely heavy precipitation events, leading to greater potential for flooding and sewage overflow into Lake Michigan.
A recent study published in Molecular and Cellular Proteomics has identified key proteins in sperm cells that are associated with male infertility. The research suggests that these protein biomarkers could be used to develop sensitive diagnostic tools and effective therapies, ultimately helping couples have a baby.
Researchers at UAB and CSIC developed a new material with improved thermoelectric properties, reducing thermal conductivity and increasing power efficiency for microchips. The unique structure of the material, composed of silicon and germanium quantum dots, enables efficient cooling and heating of micro-sized circuits.
Researchers at Ohio State University have discovered that tropical wetlands can store up to 80% more carbon than temperate wetlands, with the former sequestering around 300 tons of carbon per year. This finding has significant implications for climate change mitigation and highlights the importance of preserving these ecosystems.
The genome of Plasmodium knowlesi, a mosquito-human malaria parasite, has been decoded, revealing unique genetic features that enable it to evade host immune systems. The study found that the parasite's genes are scattered throughout its genome, unlike other malaria parasites, and that it uses molecular mimicry to survive and propagate.
Scientists will explore chemical reactions in extreme space conditions using a new research center combining laboratory experiments, theoretical studies, and radio-telescope observations. The Center for Chemistry of the Universe aims to expand our understanding of molecule formation that may seed young planets with life.
Stanford researchers found that a functioning circadian system is crucial to Siberian hamsters' ability to remember their environment. The study suggests that the circadian clock controls the daily cycle of sleep and wakefulness by inhibiting brain activity, which affects learning and memory.
Northern Greenland experienced extreme snowmelt during summer 2008, with melting days 18 days longer than previous maximum values. Ground measurements confirm surface/air temperatures up to 3°C above average, contributing to record melting index.
A study of film synopses and 280 films between 1900 and 2007 found that unflattering stereotypes are decreasing, while nurses are now portrayed as intelligent, strong, and passionate characters. This shift reflects the growth of the nursing profession and changing societal attitudes towards women's roles.
Researchers from NYU Langone Medical Center have successfully decoded the genome of Plasmodium vivax, a species responsible for up to 40% of annual malaria infections worldwide. The breakthrough could lead to the development of new treatments and vaccines against this deadly disease.
The American College of Medical Genetics has received a $13.5 million NIH contract to develop a National Newborn Screening Translational Research Network, aiming to enhance the understanding of rare genetic diseases through research and collaborative efforts.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have pinpointed the crucial role of Rb proteins in regulating blood stem cell division, finding that blocking their function leads to abnormal proliferation and immune system disruption.
The Notch pathway plays a crucial role in regulating breast stem cell fate, controlling both stem cell number and the production of luminal cells. Errant activation of Notch leads to uncontrolled growth of luminal precursors, resulting in breast tumour formation.
Researchers are exploring alternative energy solutions and innovative approaches to medicine. Virtual reality technology is being used to create realistic 3D presentations on mobile devices, while a new method for measuring brain function during surgery could improve outcomes.
NASA scientists uncrated an Apollo-era heat shield to analyze its design and thermal response, providing valuable insights for the development of the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle's Thermal Protection System. The study aims to improve the vehicle's heat protection capabilities, enabling it to safely carry crews to the moon and beyond.
Researchers find that when fish can't eat seaweed due to sediment, algae mats form, preventing corals from re-establishing themselves. Climate change and sea level rise further threaten coral reefs' survival.
The new guidelines recommend at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week during pregnancy, with benefits including reduced risk of complications and improved long-term child health. Regular postpartum physical activity also supports a woman's overall health and weight management.
A new UK study suggests that biological products, also known as biopesticides, have the potential to play a significant role in a more sustainable food chain. Biopesticides can help reduce the use of chemical pesticides, which pose risks to workers' health and contaminate groundwater.
Ecological restoration is a tool to reverse ecosystem fragmentation by reintroducing living components and reestablishing healthy interactions within landscapes. This approach can enhance land function beyond food production, fuel, and fiber, and mitigate its adverse effects.
A study presented at the ASPS annual meeting found that breast lift and combination lift/augmentation procedures have high levels of patient satisfaction, rivaling breast augmentation and reduction. 99% of patients would undergo their procedure again, citing improved self-esteem and quality of life.
A new study in the American Journal of Agricultural Economics explores the effects of livestock facility pollution on infant health. The research found a strong positive relationship between livestock production and infant mortality, with an estimated 7.4% increase in infant deaths for every 100% increase in livestock production.
A new study has found that a single low-dose booster vaccine can generate an excellent response in people who have been vaccinated up to 7 years ago. This means that proactively immunizing the public with stockpiled pre-pandemic vaccines could be used as a potential vaccination strategy against pandemic influenza.
A study presented at the ASPS conference found that fat injections can correct implant wrinkling and improve breast shape in breast reconstruction patients. However, the use of fat injections for cosmetic purposes is still debated due to concerns about calcification, absorption rates, and procedure time.
The James Webb Space Telescope model is on display at the Deutsches Museum in Munich, Germany until October 28, 2008. The model showcases the telescope's size and complexity, measuring 80 feet long, 40 feet wide, and 40 feet tall.
Facial reanimation surgery uses microsurgical procedures to connect nerves and muscles, allowing people to smile again. Plastic surgeons also discuss rejuvenating aging smiles and enhancing the mouth region using various techniques and devices.
Studies assess the impact of demographic factors on complication rates in body contouring patients. Men are found to be at higher risk for bleeding and fluid collection, while nutritional status and exercise participation may not significantly influence overall complication rates.
Researchers have discovered unique genes in the genome of Plasmodium vivax, a parasite responsible for 25% of global malaria cases. The findings could lead to the development of new drugs and vaccines against this debilitating disease.
Psychologists at U of T create a bias-resistant personality inventory that predicts real-world performance even when respondents are trying to fake their answers. The study shows that traditional personality questionnaires fail to predict outcomes when respondents have strong incentive to distort the results.
Research found that surgical tumor removal significantly elevated serum levels of TF and Tn antibodies in gastrointestinal cancer patients, particularly those with G3 tumors. The postoperative follow-up showed a correlation between the level of anti-TF IgG and lymphocyte count, as well as between anti-Tn IgG and serum CA 19-9 levels.
Patients who had end-of-life discussions with physicians experienced improved quality of life near death, fewer aggressive medical interventions, and better hospice enrollment. Caregivers also benefited from these conversations, with lower rates of depression and regret.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic developed a probe that can detect cancerous cells in the colon with 90% accuracy, reducing the need for unnecessary polyp removal. The probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy system could potentially cut colon polyp removal in half.
The Rong Li Lab discovered that chromosomes recruit formin-2 to promote actin filament formation around chromosomes, driving chromosome movement and asymmetric cell division. This process allows the oocyte to retain most of its cytoplasm while the polar body receives minimal amounts.
Researchers at University of Missouri are studying the interactions between black cohosh and tamoxifen in a unique rat model to understand its safety and effectiveness. The goal is to provide reliable information on how women can use herbal supplements to enhance their breast cancer treatment and improve quality of life.
A Johns Hopkins researcher found that early mobilization can help prevent muscle weakness and improve physical function in ICU patients, leading to shorter hospital stays and better quality of life. The study suggests that getting patients up and moving shortly after admission can help mitigate the negative effects of prolonged bed rest.
A study found that compassion meditation reduces inflammation and emotional distress in response to stress. Regular practice was associated with stronger reductions in inflammation and emotional responses compared to those who received a health discussion control group.
Deep biosphere microbes may hold the key to recovering petroleum through complex organic reactions. Researchers at Arizona State University are studying how hot water and pressure transform organic compounds in unexpected ways.
Researchers found that people with high narcissism tend to take control of leaderless groups and are viewed as leaders by others. However, once in power, narcissists do not perform any better than others, according to the study.
Prednisolone administration significantly suppressed serum AST and ALT levels, prevented cell membrane bleb formation, and inhibited calpain mu activation. The study's findings suggest that prednisolone's cytoprotective effect is closely associated with the suppression of these inflammatory markers.
This epidemiologic study investigates the prevalence and demography of microscopic colitis in Turkey. Lymphocytic colitis was found to be 4 times more frequent than collagenous colitis in patients with chronic non-bloody diarrhea of unexplained etiology.
Researchers have identified a gene variant linked to protection against age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which affects the retina and choroid layer. The study suggests that a malfunctioning innate immune system is contributing to the disease, providing potential targets for novel treatments.
A new study from UC Irvine researchers shows that unsaturated fatty acids stimulate production of oleoylethanolamide, which decreases appetite and increases feelings of fullness. The discovery points towards new approaches to treating obesity and eating disorders.
A special issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine examines the intersection of climate change and health, highlighting various impacts including heat-related illnesses, vectorborne diseases, and air quality issues. The issue emphasizes the need for a systems approach to address climate change and its effects on public health.
A study published in JAMA found that using 5-α reductase inhibitors for treating an enlarged prostate does not increase the risk of hip fractures. The research included over 7,000 men who experienced a hip fracture and found no dose-response relationship between medication use and bone health.
A meta-analysis of 15 studies found no association between circumcision and lower risk of HIV infection among men who have sex with men. Circumcision may be beneficial in preventing other STIs, but its effectiveness is unclear for HIV prevention.
Recently published research by University of Alaska Fairbanks scientists found a previously undocumented layer of organic matter on top of and in permafrost, which can release carbon into the atmosphere as temperatures warm
Researchers at Aberystwyth University have licensed a discovery of a protein that can 'wake up' dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, potentially leading to the development of a more effective vaccine. The Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation plans to take its recombinant BCG (AERAS-407) vaccine to clinical trial in 2009.
Researchers at University of Utah Health developed an MRI-based method to detect and measure scarring on the left atrium's wall in patients with atrial fibrillation. The study found that higher percentages of LA wall injury are linked to a lower recurrence rate of arrhythmia.
A protein called GluR1 enables nerve cells to communicate, promoting dendrite growth and connection formation. Research suggests that manipulating this protein's activity could enhance communication among neurons, improving motor function in patients with spinal cord or nerve injuries.
People with psychiatric disabilities in Australia smoke at four times the rate of the general population, despite efforts to reduce smoking rates. More than six in ten smokers with mental illness consumed over 22 cigarettes a day.