New University of Michigan Depression Center research shows depressed people have fewer serotonin & opioid receptors, varying greatly among individuals. The number of receptors affects symptom severity and treatment response, suggesting personalized medicine approaches may be more effective.
Researchers assessed various regimens for treating advanced gastric cancer and found that new agent-containing regimens can achieve higher response rates. Chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil remains a mainstream treatment option, prolonging median survival time for AGC patients.
A study found that activated vitamin D may reduce the risk of death by approximately one-fourth in patients with CKD, with a 20% reduction in the risk of either death or dialysis
A study by Drs. Sophia Kamenidou and Todd J. Cavins found that silicon supplementation improved horticultural traits in greenhouse-produced sunflowers, such as increased stem diameter and flower quality, but also caused growth abnormalities at high concentrations.
INTUNIV, a selective alpha-2A receptor agonist, demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing ADHD symptoms across all measured time points up to 24 hours postdose. The medication showed improved symptoms of ADHD in patients treated with INTUNIV compared to those receiving placebo.
The first duck-billed platypus genome analysis reveals clues about early mammalian genome organization and the evolution of unique characteristics. The study found that the platypus shares more than 80% of its genes with other mammals, but also has distinct genetic features associated with reptilian and avian traits.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital found that the prestin protein embedded in outer hair cell membranes plays a critical role in amplifying sound signals. This discovery sheds light on the mechanisms behind acute hearing loss due to genetic mutations or drug overdoses.
Researchers found that males hatch faster than females when isolated, but are disadvantaged in social environments, leading to poorer hatching conditions. Females have an upper hand in responding to environmental challenges during embryonic development.
The platypus genome sequence published by UK researchers reveals a mix of mammalian, bird-like and reptilian features in the species' genetic blueprint. The analysis found that platypus venom is a cocktail of proteins originally with different functions, similar to those in reptile venom.
A new study found that children who lived in unstable family situations after their parents divorced fared worse as adults compared to those with stable post-divorce family situations. These children experienced lower education levels, income, and occupational prestige, as well as higher poverty rates.
Researchers have completed the first analysis of platypus DNA, revealing insights into gene regulation and immune systems that may lead to advances in human disease prevention. The study's findings also provide new perspectives on mammalian evolution and conservation efforts.
Researchers have discovered that reverse transcriptase, the target of major anti-HIV drugs, can flip between binding orientations to facilitate two distinct catalytic activities. This dynamic behavior is regulated by nonnucleoside RT inhibitors, which hinder the enzyme's ability to convert single-stranded DNA to double-stranded DNA.
The UCI Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center will house up to 26 researchers, a master's program in biotechnology, and programs educating patients and the public. The facility is expected to advance stem cell therapies for treating spinal cord injuries and other diseases.
Researchers found that tumour growth rates vary considerably among patients, with generally slower growth rates with increasing age at diagnosis. The new model estimated the mean time for a tumour to double in size from 10 to 20 mm in diameter is 1.7 years.
A new MIT study found that a class of anti-obesity drugs could interfere with neural development in young children by blocking brain receptors similar to those in marijuana. The research, conducted on mice, suggests caution when using these compounds in kids.
Scientists compared Antarctic temperatures and snowfall to climate models, finding a poor match for the entire last century. The discrepancy suggests that current computer models may not work well for remote regions.
Scientists evaluated eight chemical alternatives to methyl bromide, finding some controlled weeds as consistently as the banned pesticide but at lower yields. Environmental factors also affected results, highlighting the need for further research and management strategies.
A systematic review of 10 studies found a consistent relationship between obesity and an increased risk for dementia, with baseline obesity increasing the risk by 80% on average. Preventing or treating obesity at a younger age could reduce the number of dementia patients by up to 20%.
A study by Children's Hospital of Philadelphia researchers identified a chromosome region that predisposes children to developing neuroblastoma, a fatal childhood cancer. The discovery could lead to the development of novel treatments and better interventions.
Researchers at Gladstone Institutes have found that modulating enkephalin peptides in the brain may reduce cognitive deficits seen in Alzheimer's disease. Increased levels of preproenkephalin mRNA and enkephalins in brain regions affected by AD were observed, suggesting a potential new therapy target.
New scientific evidence suggests that iron snow forms and falls toward the center of Mercury's core, powering its weak magnetic field. This process could be responsible for the planet's mysterious magnetic field, which is about 100 times weaker than Earth's.
The IDF BRIDGES translational research grant program will fund a pilot study in the Philippines that aims to improve diabetes care in rural communities using local health workers. The program, called Diabetes Self-Management Program (DSME), will provide culturally-appropriate education and self-care practices for Filipinos with diabetes.
A new class of anti-obesity drugs that block cannabinoid receptors may disrupt neural development in children. The study suggests caution when using these compounds in juvenile mice and potentially humans.
Hemosuccus pancreaticus is a rare cause of intermittent upper GI bleeding, often associated with chronic pancreatitis. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial, with interventional radiology and surgical options available.
The University of California, Santa Barbara will receive a $3.2 million grant from the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine to develop a state-of-the-art stem cell research facility. The center aims to foster interdisciplinary research and translation of stem cell-based therapeutics for human diseases.
A new data analysis confirms DAYTRANA's effectiveness in controlling ADHD symptoms in both boys and girls for up to 12 months. The study found that children with ADHD experienced significant improvements in symptom control, with lower scores on the ADHD Rating Scale.
A University of Missouri researcher found that telehealth interventions can significantly delay hospital readmission rates among patients with chronic illnesses. This reduction in hospital stays can lead to lower healthcare costs and improved patient outcomes.
A study funded by the NIH found that pregnant women with higher-than-normal blood sugar levels are at greater risk of delivering babies with birth problems, including Caesarean sections and large body sizes. The study involved over 23,000 women in nine countries.
Researchers create computer simulation that accurately predicts fish species diversity in river basins, identifying 'hot spots' for conservation. The model uses rainfall measurements and river network structure to forecast species abundance.
Scientists have developed a record-breaking ultrafast laser that can aid in the search for Earthlike planets. The new laser offers high speed, short pulses, and high average power, making it ideal for boosting the sensitivity of astronomical tools.
A recent study published in the American Journal of Psychiatry estimates that major mental disorders result in significant losses of human productivity, with individuals with serious mental illness earning approximately $22,545 per year. The total economic burden is attributed to lost earnings and increased likelihood of unemployment.
The genome of Steno, a newly emerging superbug, has been sequenced, revealing an organism with exceptional drug resistance. Understanding its genetic makeup may help researchers develop biochemical compounds to combat this resistance.
A multi-site consortium is gathering genetic and behavioral information about cases with only one family member having autism. The Simons Simplex Collection will create a database of genetic and behavioral information, leading to the discovery of new genetic factors that increase the risk of autism.
Researchers at Duke University have discovered a genetic 'tag team' that regulates the cell cycle, finding that nearly 70% of periodic genes continue to turn on and off without cyclins. The study suggests a new understanding of gene regulation in mammalian cells.
Researchers analyzed clinical data from 11 liver cancer patients who underwent caudate lobectomy using specific skin incision, mobilization of liver, vascular exclusion, and ideal hepatectomy procedures. The study demonstrates that caudate lobectomy for cancer in the candate lobe can be safely performed with an appropriate procedure.
The platypus genome provides insights into the evolution of venom components and a bird-like sex-determination system in mammalian ancestors. Researchers have found that platypus venom genes evolved by gene duplication of antimicrobial beta-defensins, mirroring an independent evolutionary pathway in reptiles.
Researchers have discovered that TPO, a naturally occurring protein, can protect the heart against damage during a heart attack. The study found that administering a single dose of TPO to rats decreased permanent muscle damage and increased heart function after a heart attack.
The discovery of Eoconfuciusornis zhengi provides evidence for the evolution of Confuciusornithidae family and its link to early avian flight. The fossil's unique features, such as increased deltopectoral crest size and keel, indicate a significant adaptation for improved flight capabilities.
Data presented at the APA Annual Meeting demonstrate iloperidone's efficacy and safety in treating schizophrenia, with low rates of movement disorders and metabolic adverse events. Pharmacogenetic findings suggest potential for individualized treatment based on genetic markers.
Researchers have developed an approach to degrading Congo Red using ultrasound technology, transforming it into less toxic intermediates. This method combines the power of sonolysis with conventional industrial waste water biodegradation treatment, effectively removing the color and reducing toxicity from dye-contaminated effluent.
Recent studies at George Mason University found pregnant women face judgment and obstacles when applying for jobs, particularly in traditionally masculine fields. They experience overt hostility and patronizing behavior, hindering their success.
Women who quit smoking experience a significant reduction in mortality risk, with 61% of the benefit realized within 5 years for coronary heart disease and 42% for cerebrovascular mortality. Quitting also reduces lung cancer mortality risk by 21% within 5 years, with an 87% reduction after 20-30 years.
Research finds symmetry and sexual dimorphism in human faces are related to attractiveness, supporting the idea that they signal genetic quality. The study also reveals similar patterns in non-human primates and different human populations, indicating universal signals of quality.
A study by Virginia Commonwealth University researchers found that approximately 43% of college students have smoked tobacco using a waterpipe in the past year. Waterpipe smoking is perceived as less harmful than cigarette smoking, but exposes users to similar toxins and nicotine.
Normally functioning prions prevent neurons from self-destruction by inducing overactive brain cells that respond longer and more vigorously to stimulation. This hyperactivity eventually leads to neuron death, potentially explaining why misfolded prions cause dementia.
Researchers propose a symbiotic origin for the centrosome, a cell division component. The Alliegros' paper provides RNA evidence supporting this idea, which challenges traditional evolutionary theories.
The researchers propose designing a cost-effective machine for running climate models and improving predictions. They suggest using about 20 million embedded microprocessors, which would deliver results at a lower cost and power consumption than current conventional supercomputers.
Dr. Jerald Block's research on the 1999 Columbine high school shootings suggests that virtual worlds played a significant role in the tragedy, blurring boundaries between reality and fantasy. The presentation will also discuss other school shootings, including Red Lake and Virginia Tech.
Atrazine, a widely used weedkiller, disrupts hormonal signaling in human cells, increasing the risk of abnormal birth weight and infertility. Exposure to atrazine has also been shown to 'feminize' zebrafish, with female fish outnumbering males at concentrations comparable to those found in agricultural runoff.
New British Association of Pharmacology guidelines suggest that antidepressants are effective in treating depression, especially severe cases. In contrast, evidence for cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is limited, particularly for mild and moderate depression.
A study by McGill University scientists found that child abuse may cause differences in epigenetic marking on genes in the brains of men who killed themselves. The researchers also discovered that simple maternal behavior during early childhood has a profound effect on genes and behavior, which can be reversed through treatments.
A PLOS study highlights key conservation areas for threatened frogs and toads in Latin America, emphasizing the importance of considering life-history traits. The research reveals that regions with aquatic larval stages are crucial for species like Phyllomedusa ayeaye, while those without tadpoles require targeted conservation efforts.
The University of Kentucky Center for the Study of Violence Against Children hosts a national scientific meeting on child mental health, featuring research presentations on violence against children and trauma. The event showcases findings on relational poverty, early experiences, and psychotherapy's effects on adult brains.
A team of researchers found that the protein TORC2 is crucial for glucose production and fat storage in Drosophila, a genetic switch that regulates metabolism in both flies and human livers. Without functional TORC, fly lifespan was cut in half and their ability to store energy was impaired.
A new study examines the impact of smoke-free laws on restaurant labor markets and finds a decline in turnover rates after implementation. The study supports existing evidence that smoke-free laws are positive for businesses, with no consistent pattern of increase or decrease over time.
Researchers found that luteolin and diosmin reduced levels of amyloid-beta, a protein that builds up in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's. The flavonoids work by targeting presenilin-1, a protein linked to the disease.
Research at Duke University Medical Center found that most published articles about coronary stents do not disclose authors' financial relationships, which may bias scientific data interpretation. The study highlights the need for transparency and standardized conflict of interest information in medical research.
Researchers found that a portable anteroom HEPA filtration unit can effectively remove airborne microorganisms, including M. tuberculosis, from operating rooms. The study suggests that this unit can help prevent secondary transmission of airborne pathogens and improve patient and healthcare personnel safety.
Researchers found that arable land and steppe-formation processes can significantly affect global air quality, as evidenced by a dust cloud from southern Ukraine that caused extreme particulate matter concentrations in Central Europe. The study highlights the need for better understanding of dust transport and formation processes, part...
A new study by UC Davis researchers provides evidence that methods using human bone marrow-derived stem cells to deliver gene therapy do not cause the development of tumors or leukemia. The study tested the safety of gene transfer into bone marrow stem cells in over 600 mice, with none developing leukemia or solid tumors.