Elgar, an oceanographer at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, was chosen from 468 nominees to conduct long-term research on challenging technical issues underpinning the DoD. He will investigate rip currents and their impact on public safety and defense interests.
A study found that quality of life determines the use of coping strategies among younger women with breast cancer. Positive cognitive restructuring and seeking social support were common coping strategies.
A new study found that a genetic variation increases melanoma risk in pre-menopausal women, with over 40% of those under 50 carrying the mutation. This discovery could lead to more effective surveillance and prevention strategies for this deadly skin cancer.
Researchers analyzed potential peroxide-based explosives using computer simulations and found that a supposed new, more lethal relative to TATP is unlikely to exist due to instability. They consider previous reports of its creation to be Internet myths with no basis in reality.
A recent study identified a rare genetic heart disorder, Danon disease, characterized by rapid clinical deterioration and early death in young patients. The study revealed that the natural course of this disease is often fatal, with significant cardiac complications and poor outcomes despite advanced treatment strategies.
Research found that tTGA was more sensitive than EmA in diagnosing gluten sensitive enteropathy (GSE) in the general population. GSE is a common condition that can be underdiagnosed due to similar symptoms with celiac disease, highlighting the importance of mass screening.
Using a chlorhexidine gluconate-impregnated sponge reduced major catheter-related infections by 61% in critically ill ICU patients. Changing dressing frequency from daily to every 7 days appears safe and may reduce unnecessary interventions.
Women who undergo bariatric surgery experience reduced risk of medical and obstetric complications during pregnancy. The study showed a significant decrease in gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders, and severe pre-eclampsia. However, there was a higher rate of cesarean births among women who had undergone bariatric surgery.
A study at Duke University Medical Center suggests that ovarian cancers detected early on may be slower-growing and less likely to spread than more aggressive forms. This finding challenges the idea of screening for ovarian cancer as a means of reducing mortality.
Researchers discovered the earliest dated evidence of domesticated maize, dating back over 8,700 years to Mexico's Central Balsas River Valley. The team found maize starch and phytoliths in grinding tools and lake sediments, confirming that maize was derived from teosinte.
A new study suggests that when individuals share an identity with a group, they automatically feel positively toward members of that group, regardless of race. This effect was observed just minutes after participants joined a mixed-race group and even without meeting fellow members personally.
The German colonoscopy program has prevented approximately 15,000 cases of colorectal cancer between 2003 and 2010. The program's effectiveness is attributed to the early detection of cancer precursors through endoscopic examinations.
The UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering has launched the Bernard and Sophia Gordon Engineering Leadership Center to cultivate effective engineering leaders. The center will offer leadership courses, forums with industry leaders, and challenges for students to design and build products that benefit society.
A new study by Stanford researchers has developed a method to assess the quality of women's eggs, which could enhance IVF success rates. The non-invasive test uses metabolomic profiling to identify unique biomarkers in the eggs that predict embryo viability and pregnancy rates.
Researchers have developed metallic glass alloys with improved fatigue resistance, surpassing conventional metal alloys in both strength and durability. The breakthrough involves introducing a second phase of crystalline metal within the glass, which acts as a local arrest point to prevent crack propagation.
A Purdue University researcher is helping shape plans for a new experiment on the space shuttle Discovery, which will collect data to control deadly friction and heating. The experiment aims to design more efficient spacecraft and hypersonic aircraft.
The study suggests that humans were experimenting with agriculture by cultivating local grains, rather than adopting from southern rice-farming areas. The findings provide insight into the origins of agriculture in northern China.
Dr. Jagadeesh Moodera's groundbreaking research led to the miniaturization of computer hard disc drives and widespread use of laptop computers, earning him the prestigious Oliver E. Buckley prize.
Researchers found that patients with CAD who achieve very low LDL cholesterol levels (≤ 70 mg/dL) and normal systolic blood pressure (≤ 120 mmHg) experience the slowest progression of coronary disease. This study emphasizes the importance of aggressive control of all risk factors to prevent heart disease.
A study by University of Bonn researchers found that the brain's ventro-medial prefrontal cortex is less active when faced with a low-wage scenario, despite being aware of the true purchasing power remaining the same. This confirms the existence of the money illusion and offers insights into its cerebro-physiological processes.
Researchers found that acetylation affects yeast lifespan through the NuA4 enzyme complex, which also controls sugar production in cells. This discovery may have implications for understanding aging and human diseases, as the mechanisms identified are conserved across species.
Two new greenhouse gases, nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) and sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2), are accumulating in the atmosphere at a rapid rate. These potent gases have significant global-warming potential and are used in industrial processes as alternatives to other harmful gases.
Infrared thermography is a non-destructive testing method that allows researchers to peer several centimeters into the material of wind turbine rotor blades. This technology enables the detection of minor irregularities and delaminated areas that can cause mechanical stresses and lead to premature failure.
A team of researchers from Georgia Tech has identified the genetic machinery responsible for producing thiostrepton, a powerful antibiotic effective against MRSA and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. The discovery sets the stage for genetic manipulations to improve solubility and create new antibacterial agents.
Researchers identified 14 gene variants associated with prolonged QT interval, a known risk factor for sudden cardiac death. Individuals with the top genotype scores were found to have a higher risk of prolonged QT intervals and increased mortality.
Belief in future racial progress and support for policies addressing inequality decreased after the election, while beliefs about racial progress made in the US and Protestant work ethic increased.Obama's election is seen as a symbol of racial progress, distracting from ongoing issues with racial inequity.
Researchers at Florida Institute of Technology have developed a virtual simulation tool that assesses the impact of crowd formation patterns on survival and injury rates during a suicide terrorist attack. The study suggests that following specific crowd formation patterns can reduce fatalities by 12% and injuries by 7%.
Scientists have directly observed a gigantic star blowing up, supporting the idea that massive stars end as black holes. The explosion revealed most of the star's mass collapsed into a dense core, creating an invisible black hole.
International experts propose MEDQUARG guidelines to study counterfeit and poor-quality medicines globally. The guidelines aim to improve the effectiveness of treatment policies by providing a standard for medicine quality surveys.
A new web-based therapy programme, eTIPS, is being tested to help people with psoriasis manage their condition better. The programme uses cognitive behaviour therapy to address the psychological discomfort caused by the visible nature of the condition.
Researchers found ALDH2-deficiency linked to increased esophageal cancer risk from moderate alcohol consumption. Clinicians can identify deficiency through flushing response and counsel patients to reduce drinking.
Researchers have discovered a cellular process that seeks out and fights Type 1 herpes simplex virus. The study, published in Nature Immunology, found that the nuclear membrane of infected cells can unmask the virus and stimulate the immune system to disintegrate it.
Researchers from the University of Leeds used computer modeling to study animal specialization and found evidence supporting the neural limitations hypothesis. This suggests that animals adapt to eat certain foods due to information overload, leading to a loss of ability to process and choose new options.
A new study led by the University of Leicester has found that people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have a lower risk of progressing to dementia than previously thought. The research suggests that only 5% of people with MCI develop dementia, contradicting previous estimates of up to 15% per year.
Researchers have successfully isolated human auditory stem cells from fetal cochleae and found they can differentiate into sensory hair cells and neurons. This breakthrough has the potential to develop a new treatment for deafness, with implications for studying ear development and modeling drug screening.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine have discovered that inhibiting an enzyme called 11-beta-HSD2 blocks COX-2 activity in human and mouse colorectal tumor cells, potentially providing a new approach to preventing colorectal cancer. This finding is significant because long-term inhibition of 11-beta-HSD2 did not cau...
A study found that stroke survivors who practiced tai chi improved their balance and reduced the risk of falls. Tai chi is a Chinese martial art that requires concentration and balance control, and can be taught to community centers or parks.
Researchers are developing biomarkers using molecular fingerprints to detect early signs of cancer, such as leukemia, bladder, kidney, and breast cancer. By identifying metabolites that indicate cancer presence and aggressiveness, doctors can tailor optimal treatment and monitor success.
A study using fMRI found that expert advice suppresses brain regions involved in making value judgments, particularly when risk is involved. This 'off-loading' of decision-making can lead to detrimental consequences if the trusted source turns out to be incompetent or corrupt.
Researchers have reported compelling new scientific evidence for the existence of LENR, producing neutrons and excess heat. The study uses an electrode composed of nickel or gold wire to detect subatomic particles released during reactions.
Human astrocytes differ significantly from those in mice and rats, being bigger, faster, and more complex. This discovery has big implications for how our brains process information and suggests a higher cognitive functioning that defines humanity.
A team of Penn biochemists designed a simple and robust oxygen-transporting protein using design principles inspired by nature. They successfully created the protein, which can transport oxygen, using a set of simple design principles.
Researchers at Fraunhofer-Chalmers and ITWM developed a software program that enables designers to virtually install flexible components in new car models. The tool simulates assembly processes, providing concrete advice on component shape changes and optimal installation paths to minimize damage to the car body.
Researchers have developed a new type of DNA with 12 chemical letters, enabling highly parallel amplification of DNA and diagnosis of human diseases. This breakthrough may shed light on the origins of life and personalization of medicine for millions of patients with HIV, hepatitis, and other diseases.
The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Health & Society Scholars Program has selected 17 new scholars to work on reducing health disparities and improving the nation's healthcare system. The scholars will receive a stipend and be trained to investigate the connections between biological, genetic, behavioral, environmental, economic, and so...
A study published by the American Academy of Neurology found that people with osteoporosis are three times more likely to experience vertigo than those without. Researchers discovered a strong link between low bone density and an increased risk of inner ear disorders, which can cause dizziness.
Scientists at Georgetown University Medical Center have extracted stem/progenitor cells from human testes and converted them back into pluripotent embryonic-like stem cells. These cells can morph into any cell type, offering a potential cure for diseases such as brain neurons or pancreatic tissue.
A recent study found that smoking is associated with an increased risk of acute and chronic pancreatitis. The risk of developing the disease was higher in smokers than non-smokers, regardless of alcohol consumption or gallstone disease.
A team of scientists led by Dolores Piperno has discovered the earliest evidence of maize domestication in the New World, dating back to 8,700 years ago. The research confirms that maize originated from a wild plant called teosinte and was first domesticated in tropical southwest Mexico.
Researchers propose a new model explaining how cancer cells grow and spread, attributing inefficiency to pressure differences between tumor cells and host tissues. Understanding this process is crucial for developing effective treatments for metastatic cancer.
A recent study by ECCO-the European CanCer Organisation analyzed data from the EUROCARE-4 Working Group, revealing a steady rise in cancer survival rates across Europe. The proportion of patients cured of lung, stomach, and colorectal cancers increased significantly between 1988-1990 and 1997-1999.
Researchers at the University of Michigan discovered a tiny protein called HdeA that protects disease-causing bacteria from stomach acid. This protein unfolds and becomes more flexible in response to acid, but unlike other proteins, it activates when unfolded, allowing it to bind and adapt to damaged proteins.
A study published in The Lancet found that whole-body CT scans improved survival rates for patients with severe injuries, with a relative risk reduction of 25% and 13%. The procedure was shown to be an independent predictor of survival.
Researchers mapped copy number variations (CNVs) in African-American and white genomes, finding two duplications with differing frequencies between the groups. The study provides insights into CNV's role in disease and potential neurological disorders.
Researchers have developed a promising new drug treatment, NO-Cbl, which has shown significant anti-tumor efficacy with limited toxicity in dogs with cancer. The treatment uses 'biological Trojan horse technology' to target cancer cells, and could potentially be used in combination regimes to enhance its effectiveness.
A new study published in Epilepsia reveals that surgery for babies and toddlers suffering from epilepsy is relatively safe and effective in controlling seizures. Early surgery may also have a positive impact on brain development.
Researchers have determined that deep-sea corals from Hawaii are much older than previously thought, with some species estimated to be around 2,740 and 4,270 years old. The longest-lived coral is believed to be the deep-water black coral, which has been continuously growing its skeleton for millennia.
Researchers used organotypic skin cultures to study PPAR-beta/delta's role in skin cell communication. They found that PPAR-beta/delta regulates crosstalk between skin layers, controlling proliferation rates and preventing excessive growth.
Dr. Manik Talwani, president of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International (IODP-MI), has been awarded the German Medal of Honor in geophysics. He was recognized for his work on gravity measurements, particularly on the moon, and his contributions to ocean drilling research.
University of Adelaide researchers developed a model predicting mosquito population peaks, aiding in disease outbreak prevention by allowing for targeted mosquito control. The study analyzed 15 years of data on Aedes vigilax populations, linking environmental factors to peak timing and magnitude.