Research suggests that combat experiences can set the trajectory of a veteran's life, leading to increased rates of disability and unemployment. Alair MacLean found that combat veterans are more likely to be disabled and unemployed in their mid-20s and throughout their worklife.
The study found that spine, hip, and upper leg fractures resulted in the greatest decrease in quality of life. Nearly 40% of women over 50 will experience a fracture, with chronic pain and reduced mobility being common consequences.
A new study by Oregon State University and the University of California at Davis has found that a mixing of two types of magma is crucial to Mount Hood's eruptions, occurring weeks or months before the eruption. This behavior is distinct from other Cascade Range volcanoes, including Mount St. Helens.
Research from University of Cincinnati finds that sales turnover is the only uniform corporate indicator predicting a firm's bankruptcy in three major economies. The study also reveals that different financial factors are correlated with bankruptcy in each country, mainly due to varying financial and business structures.
A new study by Ohio State University researchers found that people grow more confident in their beliefs when they learn a majority of others disagree with them. The study suggests that people who have developed strong opinions may become doubly sure they are right after learning the opposing view.
The Louisiana Tumor Registry has been designated as a SEER Program cancer registry, providing high-quality cancer incidence and survival data. The registry's data is used to inform prevention, early detection, treatment, and survival strategies.
A study by UCLA researchers found that pancreatic cancer cells can metabolize fructose to generate nucleic acids, driving cell division and proliferation. The study suggests that high fructose corn syrup consumption may be linked to increased cancer risk, highlighting the need for reduced refined sugar intake.
Professor Minoru Tomozawa has developed a new technique using infrared spectroscopy to determine the fictive temperature of glass, enabling more accurate prediction of its properties. This breakthrough has significant implications for glass manufacturers and researchers alike.
The Census of Marine Life has published a historic roll call of species in 25 biologically representative regions, revealing the most diverse marine ecosystems. The study found that Australian and Japanese waters are home to over 33,000 species, with mollusks and crustaceans making up half of all known species.
A study of 1,041 Chinese teens found that pathological internet use was associated with a higher risk of developing depression. The research suggests that early intervention and prevention strategies targeting at-risk groups could reduce the burden of depression on young people.
A peptide derived from bee venom can deliver liposomes bearing drugs or diagnostic dyes to specific cells or tissues, improving the effectiveness of cancer treatment. This 'smart bomb' technology may help design personalized treatment regimens that can selectively target tumors and other diseases.
A new study from the University of Maryland School of Medicine found that a mentorship program paired healthy young adults with urban middle school students helped them adopt healthy habits, active lifestyles and a healthy weight. The program, called Challenge!, showed promise as a way to have a major impact on children's lives.
A long-term study found that biochar can reduce nitrous oxide emissions by up to 73% and ammonium leaching by up to 94%, with reductions occurring over time due to 'ageing' of the biochars in soil. The research highlights the potential of biochar as a tool to mitigate climate change.
The European Association for the Study of the Liver has released clinical practice guidelines for managing ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and hepatorenal syndrome in patients with cirrhosis. The guidelines aim to improve disease outcomes and symptoms for cirrhotic patients.
A study by the University of Illinois research team found that generational gaps in workplaces cannot be solved with broad stereotypes or age-based solutions. The researchers identified three primary factors that contribute to generational factions: significant life events, work tenure, and job duties.
A team of scientists has found that permafrost temperatures have warmed by as much as two degrees Celsius over the past 20-30 years. The expansion of the monitoring network allows for large-scale analysis and potential early warnings for policymakers on climate change impacts in permafrost regions.
A one-day workshop improved dose reduction for various adult MDCT scans, with 46% average dose decrease for brain scans. The program's success depended on access to medical physicists and technologists.
A new study found that prolonged wearing of high heels can contribute to joint degeneration and knee osteoarthritis. The researchers discovered that heel height changes walking characteristics, such as slower speeds and shorter stride lengths, and increases compression on the inside of the knee.
A study of 342 early-stage lung cancer survivors found that nearly 60% experienced long-term dyspnea, with associated risk factors including reduced physical activity and depression. Targeting post-treatment rehabilitation strategies to improve breathlessness may be effective in improving outcomes.
A recent study published in Human Molecular Genetics found that genetic variation in bitter taste receptors predicts a person's perception of quinine's bitterness. This suggests that individual differences in how people experience quinine's bitterness are related to underlying genetic differences.
A new study by Yale University researcher Hedy Kober shows that smokers can control their cravings with the help of cognitive strategies, increasing activity in the prefrontal cortex and decreasing craving-related brain activity. Cognitive behavioral therapy has been shown to be an effective tool in treating substance use disorders.
Harvard researchers have found that exercise and caloric restriction can reverse the deterioration of nerve connections in older mice, a potential explanation for their age-related benefits. The study reveals that these lifestyle factors can attenuate or even reverse the decline in synapses, which are crucial for brain function.
Research by Tracy Langkilde reveals that stress hormones increase energy mobilization in lizards, enabling them to flee from fire ants. Elevated glucocorticoid levels in affected species facilitate adaptive responses, improving survival rates and reproductive success.
Researchers found a small piece of RNA that blocks glutamine production in the colon, leading to diarrhea, bloating, and abdominal pain. Silencing this RNA segment may open up a new approach to treating IBS symptoms.
A study found that relatives of individuals with autism exhibit abnormal eye movements and other sensorimotor impairments, similar to those seen in individuals with autism. These abnormalities are associated with brain pathways important for language skills, motor control, and executive function.
Scientists must engage non-academic audiences and tailor their message for policymakers to inform policy decisions. Effective science communication can also educate children about environmental issues through arts-based initiatives, fostering empathy and promoting collective action.
A new study found that people whose hearts pump less blood have brains that appear older, with decreased brain volume and atrophy. This association was seen even in those without cardiovascular disease, suggesting a link between cardiac index and brain health.
Researchers have developed an advanced search tool called QPID to assist radiologists in extracting useful data from patients' electronic medical records. The system has already been implemented at Massachusetts General Hospital and is expected to have a significant impact on various departments within the hospital and outpatient clinics.
A recent study suggests that consuming meat related compounds, particularly those found in red and processed meats, may be linked to an increased risk of bladder cancer. The researchers found that individuals with the highest intake of nitrate and nitrite had a significantly higher risk of developing bladder cancer.
Researchers evaluated the long-term effects of low-carbohydrate versus low-fat diets on weight loss, serum lipid concentrations, and bone mineral density. Both groups achieved significant weight loss, but the low-carb diet produced greater increases in plasma HDL cholesterol concentration.
New research from Brigham Young University finds that having a sister protects adolescents from feelings of loneliness and promotes charitable attitudes. The study also found that loving siblings foster good deeds, such as helping others, more than loving parents do.
A new study by North Carolina State University researchers suggests that the largest amphibian monitoring program in the US may have inaccuracies in its data, leading to overestimates of frog populations. The issue lies in observer error, as volunteers report hearing species they don't actually hear, which can skew population estimates.
A living aortic valve replacement leads to better survival rates (97%) compared to traditional donor valves (83%), with improved freedom from reoperation and quality of life. The Ross procedure has shown promising results, suggesting that a living valve can improve clinical outcomes in patients.
The AAO-HNSF Annual Meeting supplement features over 305 scientific research sessions, addressing common afflictions such as hearing loss, sleep disorders, and head and neck cancer. Store-and-forward telemedicine has been shown to be effective in planning elective major ear surgery.
Researchers found diminished cognitive performance in obese adolescents with type 2 diabetes, as well as subtle brain abnormalities detected by MRI. The study highlights the importance of addressing obesity and inactivity to prevent cognitive deficits.
A new study identifies an effective training program to help children overcome reading-comprehension difficulties. The Oral Language training program showed the largest long-term gains, suggesting that deficits in oral vocabulary may be a key underlying cause of these problems.
Researchers found that small male spiders can carry out the 'bridging' maneuver, a common mode of locomotion for vegetation-inhabiting spiders. This efficiency allows them to have more mating opportunities and compete better for receptive females, leading to selective pressure for smaller size.
A new study examining the effects of drought in the Amazon found that relatively undisturbed forests are tolerant of seasonal drought. The research used remote sensing and field-based studies to demonstrate this resilience and identified potential mechanisms controlling vegetation productivity across the Amazon Basin.
A protocol for detecting targeted chromosomal deletions induced by zinc finger nucleases allows researchers to estimate the frequency of ZFN-induced genomic deletions using PCR-based methods. Immunoprecipitation is also optimized with detailed instructions for lysis conditions, protease inhibitor cocktails, and general preparation.
Individuals with Parkinson's disease who were told they had a higher chance of receiving an active drug showed a stronger neurochemical response to placebo. The expectation of symptom improvement is associated with the release of dopamine in patients with Parkinson's disease and can affect motor performance.
The Caltech-Canadian Space Agency partnership aims to detect signs of microbial life and geological activity on Mars. The MATMOS instrument will analyze gases in the Martian atmosphere with high sensitivity.
Researchers studied plant toxin detection in bushbabies, lizard defense from invasive fire ants, and antioxidant defenses in barn swallows exposed to radiation. These studies highlight the importance of understanding animal behavior and adaptations to environmental changes.
A University of Colorado School of Medicine study found that incorporating mentoring and group skill-building intervention programs for children in foster care may help improve mental health outcomes. The study demonstrated that treatment groups reported fewer symptoms of depression, dissociation, and posttraumatic stress, and better q...
Most pediatricians and family physicians administer the HPV vaccine, but fewer strongly encourage it for preteens. The study found that many physicians are not using effective strategies to ensure patients complete the full vaccination series.
The ESA has elected ten new Fellows for their outstanding research, teaching, and extension work in entomology. Dr. Gary Blomquist and Dr. David Boethel are recognized for their research on pheromones and insect IPM, respectively.
A study by Wake Forest University psychologist Dustin Wood found that people's positive ratings of others are linked to their own well-being and personality traits. Positive perceptions of others are associated with being happy, kind-hearted, and emotionally stable.
The new model incorporates data on the carbon cycle, including ocean and forest absorption and release of CO2, to simulate future changes in global climate and carbon dioxide emissions. By reducing emissions by 56% by 2050, global warming would remain under the two-degree threshold until 2100.
The MultiSTEPS project at Virginia Tech aims to educate graduate students on the intersection of engineering and biological sciences, addressing issues like fluid motion, transport processes, and environmental problems.
A new study found that socioeconomic status predicts survival of Canadian cancer patients, with those from poorer backgrounds facing higher mortality rates. The study also suggests that factors such as cancer biology and access to treatment may play a role in these disparities.
Two new studies challenge the CCSVI theory, concluding that blood flow insufficiency does not contribute to MS development. The research refutes the controversial hypothesis, suggesting that venous congestion plays no significant role in MS formation.
Researchers developed a Hurricane Risk Calculator to estimate extreme wind speeds at specific locations in Florida. The calculator found that cities like Miami are more vulnerable to strong winds due to their geography and location.
Scientists have discovered that neuroglobin protects cells from stroke damage, amyloid toxicity, and lack of oxygen. High levels of neuroglobin in brain neurons may buffer them against the effects of Alzheimer's disease-causing protein accumulation.
A literature review confirms that hand therapy addresses key factors in hand injury recovery, including swelling control, wound management, range of motion, strengthening of the hand, and work conditioning. Finding a qualified therapist is essential for optimal outcomes.
A team of scientists believes extreme weather may have caused the disappearance of George Mallory and Andrew Irvine during their historic 1924 Everest expedition. Researchers analyzed newly uncovered historical data, including barometric pressure measurements, to conclude that a very intense storm likely contributed to their death.
A study of 156 foster care children found that those participating in a mentoring and skill-building program had fewer mental health problems six months after the intervention. The treatment group also reported better quality of life and lower symptoms of dissociation.
Ancient corals consisted of mostly separate sexes and required a brooding period to evolve into spawning hermaphrodites. The evolutionary origins of coral sex are complex, likely related to the challenges of shallow tropical reefs.
A new solar energy conversion process called photon enhanced thermionic emission (PETE) has the potential to surpass existing photovoltaic and thermal conversion technologies. The process excels at higher temperatures, making it ideal for use in solar concentrators.
A recent study found that hungry children are more likely to experience poor health, with repeated episodes of hunger being particularly toxic. The association holds even after adjusting for other factors such as low income and lack of home ownership, highlighting the need for policy interventions to address food insecurity.
Scientists at Cornell University have discovered a new catalyst that could make fuel cells more stable and conk-out free, using platinum nanoparticles on titanium oxide with added tungsten. The material is more stable and less expensive than pure platinum, allowing it to work with hydrogen fuels containing up to 2% carbon monoxide.
Patients with severe heart failure who request withdrawal of ventricular assist device (VAD) support have the right to do so, according to Mayo Clinic investigators. The VAD is a long-term treatment option for patients with severe heart failure, but some experience complications that lead them to request its removal.