A special edition journal provides new perspectives and guidance for managing Cronartium ribicola, an introduced invasive pathogen causing serious damage to North American white pines. The collection of 12 articles synthesizes knowledge on the disease, identifies policy actions, and reviews future issues facing white pine management.
Researchers found that starvation allows the need for nourishment to push aside the need for sleep in fruit flies. The ability to resist sleep loss was linked to a protein involved in lipid processing.
A recent study published in Journal of Archaeological Science suggests that a species of shellfish, the humped conch, has increased in size over the past 3,000 years despite increased human activity. The average length of the conchs increased by approximately 1.5 millimeters, making them about 5% larger than they used to be.
The US hourly workforce is shouldering increased burdens during the economic slowdown, with many workers forced to accept reduced hours or irregular schedules. This lack of job security and predictability can have severe consequences for workers' well-being, including instability in family routines and increased stress.
A team of researchers has developed a simulation to better understand the impact of sound on marine mammals like whales and dolphins. The simulation uses advanced computing and X-ray CT scanners to create a 3D virtual environment, allowing scientists to study the effects of sound on these organisms.
Fruit fly research found that starvation increases resistance to sleep loss, linked to a protein managing lipid storage. Disabling a specific gene produces effects similar to starvation, creating sleep resistance and preventing cognitive impairments.
A study found that up to 86% of people in low- and middle-income countries would be pushed into poverty if they purchased life-saving medicines. Generic versions of these medicines are generally more affordable than originator brand products.
Scientists at Vanderbilt University have identified a second set of olfactory receptors in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae, which responds to key human odorants. This discovery may help explain the effectiveness of DEET repellents and provide new insights into developing more effective lures and controls for malaria.
A pilot study led by UC Davis School of Medicine found that specifically asking young women about pregnancy coercion during reproductive health visits can reduce the likelihood of future pressure, with a 70% drop in odds. The intervention also increased awareness of intimate-partner violence resources.
Atrial fibrillation hospital admissions in Australia have increased by over 200% since 1993, resulting in an alarming number of hospitalizations.
A new study from the University of Chicago finds that 85% of workers prioritize workplace safety over other labor standards. Despite public concern, workplace safety measures often fall short, with reports of injuries remaining high and worker stress contributing to accidents.
A study of 276 Germans found that older readers preferred to read negative stories about younger individuals, while younger people showed low interest in articles about older individuals. The results suggest that people use the media to enhance their social identity and may prefer messages that portray others as having a higher status.
Archaeologists discovered remains of tortoises and cattle cooked for human consumption at a burial site dating back to around 12,000 years ago. The findings suggest that early humans practiced communal feasting as a social behavior unique to the species.
A study using genomics found a clear decline in horseshoe crab populations that parallels climate change, affecting reproduction and distribution. Climate change projections predict further declines, impacting species like Atlantic loggerhead sea turtles and millions of migrating shorebirds.
Researchers at Iowa State University have developed a new type of hybrid protein that can make precise double-strand DNA breaks in living cells. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient gene replacement and editing therapies, enabling modifications to plant, animal, and human genomes.
The discovery of Balaur bondoc, a large theropod dinosaur from Late Cretaceous Europe, reveals an animal with advanced adaptations and fused bones. Its presence indicates that the region had intermittent faunal connections with the mainland up to the end of the Cretaceous period.
New research suggests that dramatic climate changes during the ice age were caused by chaos-dynamical fluctuations, making them challenging to predict. The study analyzed ice cores and found that temperature suddenly rose 10-15 degrees in less than 10 years, only to fall drastically and change again.
Researchers at the University of New Hampshire have created a novel method using power meters and stationary bicycles to determine cycling fitness. The technique allows athletes to establish personalized training zones with high accuracy, enabling coaches to prescribe targeted workouts.
A recent article in Ecopsychology explores the catastrophic psychological responses to the BP Gulf oil spill, predicting long-lasting effects of chronic depression, withdrawal, and lack of functioning. The disaster is likely to stimulate renewed environmental activism and changes in attitudes and behaviors.
A new study published in Psychological Science reveals that eyes move differently when minds are wandering versus paying attention. When readers zone out, their eyes fixate on individual words for longer periods, suggesting a strong link between eye movements and language processing in the brain.
A new study published in the Journal of Adolescence found that Canadian teenagers have more freedom than their French and Italian peers. The investigation examined how parents fashion emotional bonds and exert behavioural control with adolescents, revealing that Canadian parents value a democratic conception of education that promotes ...
Insite, Vancouver's sanctioned supervised safe injection site, has been at odds with Canada's anti-drug policy since its opening in 2003. The facility's fate is uncertain, with the federal government appealing decisions to keep it open despite opposition from Conservative politicians.
A team of scientists developed a new microfluidic tool to quickly and accurately isolate neutrophils from small blood samples, enabling researchers to study the immune system's response to traumatic injury. The device revealed complex gene expression patterns that shifted during the recovery process.
Researchers at the University of Alberta have discovered a crucial mechanism for fighting infections, revealing that an amino acid called arginine is essential for immune function. The study's findings could have significant implications for people in third world countries with limited access to nutrition.
A study by Michigan State University sociologist Zachary Neal found that city size is no longer the key factor in building a thriving economy. Instead, connections to other cities through technology and air travel are crucial.
Studies confirm a region of chromosome 9 is associated with an increased risk of ALS across multiple populations. Genetic variations identified in the Finnish population contribute to familial and sporadic cases, suggesting a strong genetic link. The study provides new insights into the causes of ALS.
A study found that multiple sclerosis lesions appeared two to three times higher in spring and summer months compared to other seasons. Warmer temperatures and solar radiation were linked to increased disease activity.
A new study from Hasbro Children's Hospital reports a significant increase in sports-related concussions among young athletes, particularly in high school-aged athletes and those under 13 years old. The study highlights the need for further research and injury prevention strategies to address the rising trend.
A new species of predatory dinosaur, Balaur bondoc, has been discovered in Romania with unusual features such as a re-evolved functional big toe with a large claw. Its unique anatomy suggests it was adapted for strength over speed and likely hunted in a different way than its relatives.
A study of 45,227 patients with atherothrombosis found that hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes increased the risk of future cardiovascular events. Polyvascular disease was also identified as a strong risk factor for ischemic events.
CDX2 is an identity gene that tells a cell it is in the epithelial tissue of the intestine, enabling it to perform its job correctly. Cancer cells deactivate this gene, leading researchers to identify five anti-cancer genes and discover CDX2's role in suppressing colon cancer.
A study by University of Iowa researchers found that structural defects in heart muscle cells occur before functional decline, suggesting a potential window for intervention. The team used imaging techniques to visualize changes in T-tubule networks, which were accompanied by reduced junctophilin-2 levels and compromised integrity.
Researchers have found that African trypanosomes avoid human immune systems by mutating surface protein receptors, reducing TLF-1 uptake. This discovery may lead to the development of new therapies against the disease-causing parasites.
A new study in mice shows that social support can minimize physical damages to the brain caused by a heart attack. Socially isolated mice suffered more cell death, depressive symptoms, and inflammation than those living with a partner.
Researchers at Max Planck have developed an new MRI method that significantly accelerates image acquisition time, allowing for 'live recordings' of moving joints and organs. This breakthrough enables direct monitoring of heart muscle pumping and blood flow, potentially improving diagnosis of conditions like coronary heart disease.
A new study from North Carolina State University found that genetics play a key role in whether someone is willing to participate in surveys. The research involved sending surveys to over 1,000 sets of twins and measuring response rates. Interestingly, the behavior of identical twins was a good predictor for each other, but not for fra...
Researchers discovered a relict coral reef in the southern Pacific Ocean that thrived thousands of years ago, providing insight into how reefs adapted to sea level changes. Additionally, heavy snowfall in the US and Europe was caused by the collision of El Niño and negative North Atlantic Oscillation weather patterns.
Researchers at the University of Minnesota found that humans make decisions based on perceived structure in the world, leading to irrational behavior. The study shows how people can adapt to new information and change their decision-making strategies when presented with correct world models.
Researchers at UC San Diego and NEI Corporation are designing new types of lithium-ion batteries with exceptional energy density, potentially used in NASA space exploration projects and consumer applications. The goal is to create commercially useable cathode materials with high capacity and structural stability.
A recent study has found that hardening of the arteries significantly increases the risk of mortality, with asymptomatic cases doubling the risk. The researchers recommend a simple ankle-brachial index test as a standard diagnostic tool for elderly patients.
Researchers at UCLA report a 20-fold increase in human monkeypox cases in the Democratic Republic of Congo since smallpox vaccinations ended in 1980. The virus has become more common due to lack of health infrastructure and no surveillance, posing a risk for wider spread into animal populations.
Scientists at Nationwide Children's Hospital have discovered a distinct blood transcriptional signature associated with active TB, which may help identify patients at risk of developing the disease. The study found that this signature was present in 10-20% of latent TB patients and correlated with disease extent in active TB patients.
A new study published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal finds that low doses of inhaled cannabis containing THC offer modest pain reduction and improved moods in patients with chronic neuropathic pain. The study suggests that medical cannabis may be a viable alternative for patients who have not responded to standard therapies.
A team of scientists found clear evidence of feasting at the ancient Hilazon Tachtit Cave burial site near Karmiel, Israel. The Natufian community members gathered there for special rituals to commemorate the burial of the dead, with feasts being a central element.
Research highlights the connection between circadian rhythms and affective disorders, including depression and bipolar disorder. The study found that disrupted circadian rhythms can lead to sleep disturbances, hormonal imbalances, and other health issues.
Quebec's lead on publicly funding smoking cessation pharmacotherapies could benefit all Canadians, with a potential gain of 1.9 million life-years. Full financial reimbursement significantly improves abstinence rates and extends the lifespan of former smokers.
Researchers at Oregon State University have identified adjacent skin cells called 'co-conspirators' that play a key role in the development of melanoma. The study found that these cells send signals to pigment-producing cells, which can either prevent or promote melanoma growth.
A collaboration between Iowa State University's Horticulture, Library, and English departments resulted in improved student outcomes. Students valued the input from faculty and enjoyed interacting with them at poster sessions.
A team of researchers from Washington University in St. Louis has found no evidence of nanodiamonds, a key component of the YD impact hypothesis, in sedimentary deposits dating to the Younger Dryas period. The discovery suggests that the catastrophic event thought to have killed off North American megafauna may not have occurred.
Stanford researchers have developed a high-speed, low-cost filter that kills bacteria with an electrical field, allowing for faster filtering and reduced costs. The filter uses silver nanowires and carbon nanotubes to create a smooth, conducting surface, making it efficient and effective in purifying water.
A study found that individuals with borderline personality disorder experience heightened activation of limbic circuitry in response to emotions, but physical pain stimuli suppress this activation, providing possible relief. This process may help compensate for deficient emotional regulation mechanisms.
A new study finds that a school-based intervention can significantly reduce drinking rates among adolescents at risk for substance abuse. The program, which targets personality traits associated with substance use, was delivered by teachers and resulted in a 55% decrease in binge-drinking rates compared to control group.
The Metcalf Institute for Marine & Environmental Reporting has received a $199,909 NSF grant to enhance the communication of oil spill research. The project will bring together scientists and science communicators to clarify early scientific findings about the oil spill's impacts.
A team of 64 international researchers has identified 27 new MiniPromoters, greatly expanding the current limited pool of these vital tools. The Pleiades Promoter Project enables research worldwide with bioinformatics, genomics, and neuroimaging expertise.
The new journal aims to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of cell medicine in treating debilitating and fatal disorders. The journal features a diverse global editorial board and publishes papers on cell therapy with direct clinical relevance.
Two Iowa State University astronomers are using Spitzer Space Telescope data to study big cool-temperature stars and dusty disks. The telescope is also identifying regions within the Milky Way that are forming intermediate-mass stars.
A new study by Baycrest's Rotman Research Institute found that older adults are more prone to destination memory failures, including falsely believing they've shared information. They remain highly confident in these false beliefs, leading to awkward social situations and miscommunication.
A randomized controlled trial found smoked cannabis significantly reduces chronic pain intensity, improving sleep quality and anxiety levels. The study used three different potencies of THC and a placebo, with the highest THC level showing the most significant benefits.
A University of Alberta study finds that inorganic elements toxic at low concentrations are being discharged into the air and water by oilsands mining and processing. The research reveals that pollutant concentrations were highest near industry sites, contradicting claims of natural sources.
The domestic apple genome sequence has been published, providing valuable information for breeding apples with desirable traits such as disease resistance and flavor. The study confirms that the wild ancestor of the modern domesticated apple is Malus sieversii from southern Kazakhstan.