Researchers discover a combination of drugs that effectively target stubborn leukemia stem cells, which often escape standard treatment and lead to disease relapse. The study supports clinical trials of HDACi in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors to eliminate leukemia stem cells in patients with CML.
A gene network controlling lung development has been identified as responsible for the failure of lungs to form due to vitamin A/retinoic acid deficiency. This network, which balances two opposing pathways, can be corrected, potentially preventing lung defects in animals.
Researchers found that genetic mutations affecting cilia function may predispose older individuals to pulmonary diseases. A simple nitric oxide testing can identify patients at risk of abnormal ciliary function.
A study comparing radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) for varicose veins found that RFA caused less post-operative pain. Both groups showed similar improvements in clinical and quality of life scores at six weeks after surgery.
The American Cancer Society has awarded $50.7 million in new national research and training grants to 93 institutions across the US, with a focus on early career researchers and innovative ideas addressing various types of cancer, including prostate, endometrial, and liver cancers.
Food cravings are intense, specific desires to eat certain foods, which can pose serious health risks. Research suggests that mental imagery is a key component of food cravings, taking up brain power and making it hard to focus on other tasks.
The American Institute of Biological Sciences recognizes scientists, educators, and organizations for their leadership and contributions to science. The LTER Network receives the Distinguished Scientist Award, while Duke University Professor Kathleen K. Smith receives the Outstanding Service Award for her work at NESCent.
Researchers used PET probes to monitor immune cell function in mice with a retrovirus-induced sarcoma. The study found that two different PET probes detect distinct immune cell populations, primarily innate immune cells and active CD8+ T cells.
A new study found that altered brain blood flow due to high blood pressure may lead to an increased risk of falls in elderly people. The research, published in Neurology, suggests that daily exercise and treatments for high blood pressure could be a new strategy for preventing falls.
Researchers discovered an identical gene for antibiotic resistance in human and animal samples, suggesting its transfer between bacteria species. This finding poses a risk to the treatment of common human infections like UTIs, which are increasingly difficult to treat due to rising antibiotic resistance.
A team of scientists led by Caltech biologists found that cell-cycle length and chromosome duplication without division play key roles in determining sepal cell sizes in Arabidopsis thaliana. This probabilistic development process results in unique patterns and proportions among sepals.
Kudzu's chemical reaction contributes to surface ozone pollution, causing 50% more unhealthy ozone days. The invasive vine's production of isoprene and nitric oxide exacerbates air quality issues.
Researchers have isolated the ICR1 protein, which influences auxin distribution in plants, allowing breeders to manipulate plant cell wall composition and increase yields for biofuel production. This breakthrough has the potential to make fuel production more cost-effective by reducing lignin content and increasing cellulose levels.
A mass extinction of fish 360 million years ago led to the demise of dominant species and created a new world. The Hangenberg event marked a critical shift in vertebrate diversity, with few surviving species giving rise to modern vertebrates, including humans.
Researchers found warning young women about the effects on their appearance caused a 35% drop in indoor tanning visits. The study suggested that focusing on appearance is more effective than just skin cancer warnings, and offering alternative options can help individuals change their behavior.
Adult patients without health insurance admitted to ICUs in Pennsylvania hospitals face a 21 percent increased risk of death compared to similar patients with private insurance. Uninsured ICU patients were also less likely to receive certain critical care procedures, including placement of central venous catheters and tracheostomies.
The LungPoint System enables accurate and efficient biopsy procedures for diagnosing and treating lung cancer by providing pre-procedure mapping and visual guidance during bronchoscopy. This technology allows physicians to plan their path ahead of time, reducing the need for invasive procedures.
A large population-based study found that individuals treated with vitamin A analogues do not have an increased risk of fractures. The research, published in Archives of Dermatology, analyzed data from two nationwide registers and found no association between retinoid use and fracture risk at any skeletal site.
Physicists have made significant progress in understanding the properties of helium, a key element used in lasers, nuclear reactors, and space exploration. The new findings may enable more accurate measurements of temperature and pressure, benefiting fields such as low-temperature condensed matter physics and metrology.
Researchers discovered that newborns can learn and respond to tones while asleep, a finding that could lead to early identification of infants at risk for developmental disorders such as autism and dyslexia. The study used EEG recordings to measure brain waves and found that 24 of 26 babies showed neural activity during sleep.
A previously-unknown ion channel in human blood vessels has been identified as a natural defence mechanism against heart disease. Pregnenolone sulphate, a 'fountain of youth' steroid, can trigger this protective effect in diseased and healthy blood vessels alike.
The lake's surface waters have reached the warmest temperature on record, affecting fish productivity and ecosystem. Climate change models predict further warming, exacerbating the decline of fish stocks and impacting the region's food security.
Researchers identified GRP78 as a key protein facilitating fungal invasion of blood vessels in diabetes-related infections. Mice treated with GRP78-specific immune serum showed protection from mucormycosis.
Children requiring home mechanical ventilation often receive frequent chest x-rays, but research suggests these may not be necessary to change treatment plans. Researchers analyzed records of 28 patients and found that two-thirds of repeat x-rays did not prompt changes within 24 hours.
Scientists have found evidence of neotectonic activity in the Alps using speleothems, a type of cave formation. The study also presents new constraints for dating shallow faults at the AlpTransit tunnel site in Switzerland.
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University found that hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy significantly improves survival rates for patients with recurrent brain cancers, while minimizing side effects. The treatment provides longer survival without experiencing common chemotherapy and targeted therapy side effects.
The American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) honored outstanding researchers with awards for their contributions to biotechnology. The Excellence in Ligand-Binding Assay Award and Innovation in Biotechnology Awards recognized achievements in fields such as drug detection, vaccine development, and cancer treatment.
Researchers found fossil teeth of Carcharocles megalodon, the world's largest shark species, in an ancient nursery in Panama. The teeth suggest young sharks spent their early years near the coast among mangroves.
Good oral health during pregnancy combats adverse effects of oral disease, preventing pain, infections, and nutrient deficiencies. Regular dental treatment can be safely performed at any time during pregnancy.
ARS scientists have developed a biocontrol agent that uses neuropeptide mimics to kill aphids, potentially reducing pesticide use and environmental harm. The treatment was found to be highly effective in killing 90-100% of aphids within three days, comparable to insecticides on the market.
Research reveals that intermittent hypoxia associated with sleep apnea can cause distinct drops in insulin sensitivity in mice. This finding suggests that sleep apnea may increase the risk of developing metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes.
The Asian shore crab has found a hospitable niche in its new environment, coexisting with native species in the cobbled beach ecosystem. The cordgrass-ribbed mussel environment provides a stable habitat for the crabs, allowing them to thrive without crowding out native species.
The Art of Science 2010 exhibition features breathtaking images created by Princeton researchers, exploring the beauty in scientific inquiry. The competition attracted top talent, with cash prizes awarded to first, second, and third place winners for their visually stunning entries.
A study found cochlear implants slightly benefit older adults, but not as much as younger patients. The results suggest that older patients may experience a prolonged adaptation phase and have inherent limitations in processing high-rate stimulation paradigms.
A national survey of surgical residents found that those who are single or do not have children are more likely to pursue specialty fellowships. The study also highlights the growing trend of specialization among surgery residents, which may impact the future of general surgery.
A new study challenges the long-held assumption that children adopt an anthropocentric perspective on human-animal relationships from birth. Instead, research suggests that human-centered reasoning emerges around age 3 in urban children, reflecting their community's perspectives.
Researchers are developing methods to protect cacao crops from devastating plant pathogens, targeting two mechanisms critical for pathogen attack. The project aims to improve crop resilience and provide nutrition and income options for smallholder farmers in developing countries.
The Interphone International Study Group found no increase in brain cancer among users, but heavy users appeared at a higher risk. The study's inconclusive results were attributed to restricted access to participants and flawed ethics reviews.
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) may reduce muscle atrophy in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). NMES improved quadriceps and calf muscle mass, increasing the anabolism to catabolism ratio in muscle proteins.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory discovered that nanoparticles can self-assemble into a crystal lattice with low defects when floating at a liquid-air interface. This process allows for two-dimensional crystallization over a longer time scale, enabling the formation of highly ordered phases.
Researchers used clinical-grade human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to treat ALI, restoring normal function of alveolar epithelial cells and reducing inflammatory cytokines. The study found that intravenous delivery of hMSCs was as effective as intrabronchial administration in repairing damaged lung tissue.
A recent study found that most patients with localized papillary thyroid cancer can expect favorable outcomes without treatment. The 20-year survival rate for these patients is estimated to be around 97%, similar to those who received treatment. Clinicians and patients can feel comfortable considering observation as an option.
Researchers identify GRP78 as key factor in mucormycosis pathogenesis, providing new avenue for therapeutics development. PET probes detect distinct immune cell populations, suggesting wider use for immune modulating therapies.
A new study published in The Lancet found that common blood tests for kidney function and urine protein levels can predict mortality risk. People with high levels of albumin in their urine were at a higher risk of mortality, with an increased risk of nearly 50% at certain thresholds.
A study found that focusing on the negative effects of indoor tanning on appearance can reduce tanning behavior in young women, even those motivated by health concerns. The appearance-focused booklet also showed promise in reducing tanning behaviors among those with pathological motives for tanning.
Endoscopic sinus surgery rates increased by 20% among Medicare beneficiaries from 1998 to 2006, while open sinus surgery rates declined 40%. This trend suggests a shift towards minimally invasive procedures for managing chronic rhinosinusitis in the elderly population.
A Purdue University researcher used NASA satellite data and Google Earth to detect changes in North Korea's Mount Paekdu Biosphere Reserve, finding that up to 75% of the forest had been removed through extensive logging. This has raised concerns over biodiversity loss and habitat destruction in the region.
The discovery of three new Philippine monitor lizard species and a new subspecies sheds light on the immense biodiversity of these giant reptiles in the region. The study highlights the importance of museum collections and the need for continued research to recognize and name all species, emphasizing the global taxonomy crisis.
A Belgian-Dutch study found that the use of life-ending drugs without explicit patient request occurred in 1.8% of deaths in Flemish Belgium. The majority of these cases involved elderly patients or those in irreversible comas, with discussion with families and healthcare professionals often present.
A study led by St. Jude Children's Research Hospital identified a cancer gene unusually active in some childhood brain tumors, providing a new treatment target for high-grade gliomas (HGGs). The research found significant differences between genetic defects in children and adults with HGG.
A recent study at the University of Illinois found that some impatiens plant varieties are more attractive to Western flower thrips than others. The researchers discovered that the Dazzler White variety emits volatile compounds that attract thrips, while the Cajun Carmine variety does not.
Researchers found that a novel internet-supported strategy with daily FENO measurements and supervision by an asthma nurse reduced cumulative 6-month dosing of oral corticosteroids in severe asthma patients. This approach improved asthma control without worsening quality of life.
Research suggests that COPD patients who engage in higher amounts of daily physical activity have better functional exercise tolerance. Increasing normal daily activities like walking or gardening may be more beneficial than formal exercise training. This approach aims to promote a more active lifestyle and improve long-term function.
A new technique developed by UNC researchers uses light to manipulate protein behavior in cells, enabling precise control of cell movement. This discovery has significant implications for understanding embryonic development, nerve regeneration, and cancer metastasis.
A study found that pulmonary rehabilitation improves health status in COPD patients with varying levels of obesity, including those with extreme obesity. The research suggests that obese COPD patients may benefit from rehab despite lower exercise capacities.
Research suggests that consuming high-fat meals can lead to increased airway neutrophils and TLR4 mRNA gene expression, impairing the response to asthma medication Ventolin. High-fat intake may play a role in managing asthma by reducing inflammation and improving lung function.
Estrogen has been found to decrease airway constriction and increase bronchodilation in human airway smooth muscle cells, particularly when combined with beta-agonists. This suggests that estrogen may be beneficial for women with asthma, and further research is needed to explore its potential as a treatment option.
A study published by the American Thoracic Society found that long-term vitamin E supplementation may decrease the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by about 10% in both smokers and non-smokers. Vitamin E may protect lung tissue from damage caused by free radicals, according to researchers.
Researchers found that the deltaFosB gene regulator protects against depression by boosting neurons' activity when glutamate binds to AMPA receptors. Boosting deltaFosB calms neurons, enabling individuals to pursue goal-directed behavior despite stress.
A study by the University of Duisburg-Essen found that people living in polluted urban areas experience higher blood pressure due to exposure to fine and coarse particulate matter. This association remains even after accounting for other factors such as age, gender, smoking, and weight.