Gambling on breast scans
Researchers developed a Monte Carlo analysis tool to optimize X-ray mammography, improving image quality and reducing radiation dose. The algorithm may also detect cancerous tissue in breasts automatically.
Science News Archive 2010 - Page 95
Browse by Month - 2010
Page 95 of 283
Physical environment influences stem cell development
Researchers at Hebrew University develop theoretical model and conduct experiments to understand how stem cells differentiate based on their surroundings' rigidity. The study reveals elongated, muscle-like fibers in cells on rigid supports, differing from brain and bone cell structures on softer or harder substrates.
Largest ever epigenetics project launched
The Epitwin project will analyze methylation patterns of 20 million sites in DNA from 5,000 twins to identify differences that explain why identical twins don't develop the same diseases. This study has the potential to uncover key genes responsible for disease and accelerate research into human healthcare.
The brain speaks
Researchers translated brain signals into words using two grids of 16 microelectrodes implanted beneath the skull but atop the brain. The study showed that the method can distinguish between brain signals for each word, with an accuracy rate of 76-90%, demonstrating proof of concept.
Hallucinogen appears safe, may improve mood among patients with advanced-stage cancer and anxiety
A pilot study suggests psilocybin, a hallucinogen, is safe and effective in improving mood and reducing anxiety in patients with advanced-stage cancer. The treatment resulted in improved anxiety scores and a depression inventory revealed an improvement of mood that began two weeks after treatment.
In a changing climate, erratic rainfall poses growing threat to rural poor, new report says
A new report highlights the need for increased investment in diverse water storage options to reduce uncertainty and improve production of rainfed farming. The study argues against overreliance on single solutions like big dams, proposing an integrated approach that combines large- and small-scale storage options.
MIT researchers create new self-assembling photovoltaic technology that repairs itself
Researchers at MIT have created a novel set of self-assembling molecules that can turn sunlight into electricity and spontaneously reassemble after degradation. The system, which includes carbon nanotubes and phospholipids, has an efficiency of around 40%, nearly double that of current commercial solar cells.
Talented bacteria make food poisoning unpredictable
Lestria bacteria can overcome harsh acidic conditions by exploiting key food ingredients like glutamate, neutralising acid and passing through the stomach unscathed. Consuming Lestria in one food may be safe, but eating it in another could be lethal due to varying food matrix properties.
'Slow light' on a chip holds promise for optical communications
Scientists at UC Santa Cruz and Brigham Young University have created an optical device that slows down light by a factor of 1,200, enabling potential vast improvements in ultra-low-power performance. The breakthrough holds promise for all-optical quantum communication networks.
Psychological as well as physical violence against pregnant women by their partners leads to postnatal depression
A prospective cohort study in northeastern Brazil found that pregnant women who experienced psychological violence were more than twice as likely to develop postnatal depression. The study suggests that prenatal care could play a crucial role in detecting partner violence and improving mental health outcomes for mothers.
'Jailbreak' bacteria can trigger heart disease
Research reveals that oral bacteria can jailbreak from the mouth into the bloodstream and increase risk of heart disease. Poor dental hygiene allows bacteria like Streptococcus to cause tooth plaque and gum disease, leading to blood clots and cardiovascular problems.
Fears of a decline in bee pollination confirmed
A 17-year study in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado confirms widespread fears of a decline in bee pollination, with a progressive decrease in fruiting rates observed over the years. The research suggests that climate change may be a contributing factor, particularly during early seasons when bees emerge from hibernation.
DNA fingerprinting pioneer discovers role of key genetic catalyst for human diversity
A recent study by Professor Sir Alec Jeffreys and his team at the University of Leicester has identified a key gene, PRDM9, that plays a significant role in shaping human diversity. The research reveals that people with different versions of PRDM9 exhibit distinct recombination behaviors, contributing to genetic disorders.
Hebrew University wins unprecedented 3 awards from American Political Science Association
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem has received three prestigious awards from the American Political Science Association in a single year. Faculty members Prof. Orit Kedar and Dr. Moshe Shayo, as well as graduate student Amnon Cavari, have been recognized for their outstanding contributions to the field.
Backstabbing bacteria: A new treatment for infection?
Research discovers that uncooperative bacteria can benefit from 'opting out' of toxin production, reducing infection severity and outnumbering other bacteria. This new treatment approach could complement current therapies for antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections.
Rochester leads international effort to improve muscular dystrophy treatment
The study aims to determine the best balance between effective treatment and side effects for children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The researchers will assess the breathing capacity, satisfaction levels, and muscle function of patients, using three steroid treatments: prednisone, deflazacort, and a combination of both.
Researchers identify how bone-marrow stem cells hold their 'breath' in low-oxygen environments
Researchers have discovered unique metabolic properties of bone-marrow stem cells that allow them to survive and replicate in low-oxygen environments. This finding may lead to new strategies for enriching stem cells by selecting those with specific metabolic characteristics.
Moonstruck primates: Owl monkeys need moonlight as much as a biological clock for nocturnal activity
Researchers found that environmental factors like temperature and light are equally important to the Azara's owl monkeys' natural rhythms as their internal biological clock. The study suggests that moonlight is a key adaptation for primates to exploit the nocturnal niche, with activity patterns changing in response to lunar cycles.
Biophysical Society names 2011 award recipients
The Biophysical Society has recognized eight individuals with its 2011 awards for their significant contributions to the field of biophysics. The awardees include researchers who have made pioneering discoveries using NMR methods, membrane protein biochemistry, and single molecule fluorescence microscopy.
NASA satellite and International Space Station catch Earl weakening
Hurricane Earl has weakened to a Category 2 storm with powerful winds of 104 mph due to increasing wind shear and cooler waters. NASA satellites captured rainfall data, showing moderate rainfall mostly north of the storm's center.
Research shows continued decline of Oregon's largest glacier
Research at Collier Glacier has found a significant decline of over 20% in size since the late 1980s, consistent with global glacial retreat. The glacier's mass has shrunk to about half its peak size in the 1850s, and studies suggest it will continue to lose mass, particularly during El Nino events.
Hair provides proof of the link between chronic stress and heart attack
Researchers at the University of Western Ontario have discovered a link between chronic stress and heart attacks using hair cortisol levels as a biological marker. The study found that heart attack patients had higher cortisol levels in their hair samples compared to control group, suggesting chronic stress as a contributing factor.
US neurologists agree on protocols for treatment of infantile spasms
The US Neurology guidelines provide a framework for diagnosing and treating infantile spasms, with a focus on early intervention and personalized treatment strategies. The consensus among experts is that broad clinical evaluation, vigabatrin or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) as first-line treatment, and timely assessment of treatme...
Biophysical Society announces 2011 society fellows
The Biophysical Society has selected 2011 Fellows for their outstanding achievements in the field of biophysics, including advancements in molecular dynamics simulation and superresolution microscopy. The newly appointed Fellows will be honored at the Awards Ceremony during the annual meeting.
Penn State chemist Ayusman Sen awarded the medal of the Chemical Research Society of India
Ayusman Sen, a renowned Penn State chemist, has been awarded the prestigious Chemical Research Society of India (CRSI) Medal. His research focuses on developing novel catalysts and antimicrobial polymers with diverse applications.
UT Health Science Center San Antonio lands $11.6 million to study cardiac proteins
Researchers at UT Health Science Center San Antonio will study protein fragments released into the bloodstream following heart attacks to identify those who need more intensive treatment. The goal is to develop a blood test to diagnose which heart attack survivors are at risk of heart failure.
Satellite data reveal why migrating birds have a small window to spread bird flu
Research using satellite telemetry found that migrating birds have a short 'window' of 5-15 days when they can disperse the H5N1 virus over 500km. Asymptomatic infection is crucial, and individual birds must fly quickly and take shortest routes to spread the disease.
GOES-13 satellite sees Hurricane Earl's clouds covering the US Northeast
The GOES-13 satellite captured an image of Hurricane Earl northeast of North Carolina, showing a huge storm with cloud cover stretching over the northeastern U.S. The category 2 hurricane is expected to turn towards the northeast and approach southeastern New England.
Queen's study exposes cognitive effects of Parkinson's disease
Parkinson's disease affects brain circuitry that impacts cognitive functions like planning and decision-making. Researchers discovered patients can perform automated tasks better than non-patients, yet struggle to adapt to changing behaviors.
MIT moves toward greener chemistry
Researchers at MIT have developed a new method for attaching phosphorus to organic compounds using ultraviolet light, eliminating the need for hazardous chlorine. The breakthrough could lead to more sustainable production of industrial chemicals and materials.
Afla-Guard also protects corn crops
Afla-Guard, a biological control developed for peanut cultivation, has shown promise in reducing aflatoxin levels on corn crops. In a two-year study, the product demonstrated an overall reduction of 85% in aflatoxin levels compared to control fields.
SourceUnited States Department of Agriculture - Research, Education and Economics·JournalJournal of Food Protection·DateSep 3, 2010
Death of the 'doughnut'
The quagga mussel's voracious appetite for phytoplankton is causing a decline in its abundance, which in turn is affecting the food chain and fisheries in southern Lake Michigan. As a result, zooplankton populations are dwindling, and fish species such as alewives, chubs, and Atlantic salmon are facing extinction.
What's causing life-threatening blood clots in brain surgery patients?
A Loyola University Health System study found that only seven of the 22 patients who experienced pulmonary embolisms showed evidence of leg blood clots. Researchers suggest screening for DVTs in the arms as well as legs before and after surgery to assess risk.
Magnetism's subatomic roots
Rice physicists Qimiao Si and Seiji Yamamoto create a theoretical model to understand the quantum quirks of high-temperature superconductors and ferromagnetism. Their model predicts the origins of metallic ferromagnetism, providing a rigorous answer to a long-standing question in condensed matter physics.
NASA imagery reveals a weaker, stretched out Fiona
Tropical Storm Fiona is weakening and stretching out in a north-south direction, according to NASA satellite data. Forecasters expect her to dissipate over the holiday weekend in the Atlantic Ocean.
Transition metal catalysts could be key to origin of life, scientists report
Researchers suggest molecular structures involving transition metals could catalyze the synthesis of basic biochemicals, leading to the origin of life. The model proposes that simple transition metal-ligand complexes in hydrothermal ocean vents catalyzed reactions that gave rise to more complex molecules.
Americans struggle with long-term weight loss
Only one in six Americans who have ever been overweight or obese successfully maintains their weight loss, according to a new study. The researchers found that women, adults aged 75-84, and non-Hispanic whites were more likely to achieve long-term weight management.
For some women, preventive mastectomies pay off
A long-term study found that women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic mutations significantly reduced their risk of breast and ovarian cancer with preventive surgeries. Risk-reducing mastectomies and removal of the fallopian tubes and ovaries lowered cancer risks, including those with prior breast cancer.
NASA hurricane researchers eye Earl's eye
NASA's Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (GRIP) mission is analyzing Hurricane Earl's structure and behavior. The GRIP aircraft are equipped with instruments such as HAMSR, which provides detailed data on the storm's temperature, water vapor, and cloud liquid water distribution.
Hip dysplasia susceptibility in dogs may be underreported, according to Penn Vet comparative study
A recent University of Pennsylvania study compares two hip screening methods and finds that traditional scoring underestimates a dog's susceptibility to osteoarthritis. The PennHIP method suggests that even 'excellent' hips may be at risk for hip dysplasia, with some breeds facing a high risk of up to 100% susceptible progeny.
SourceUniversity of Pennsylvania·JournalJournal of the American Veterinary Medical Association·DateSep 2, 2010
Scientists discover the mechanisms and function of a type of mysterious immune cell
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute have discovered the underlying mechanisms that activate gamma delta T cells in the skin and other organs. These cells play a unique role in recognizing damage or disease in epithelial tissues, and their activation is crucial for wound healing.
University of Arizona telescope pioneer to receive medal minted close to home
Roger Angel will receive the Kavli Prize for his pioneering work on telescope design, which has allowed astronomers to observe distant and ancient objects. His innovative approach has resulted in lightweight and rigid mirrors that can be used in larger telescopes, enabling more compact and cost-effective designs.
16.6 million small business employees could benefit from ACA provisions starting this year
16.6 million small business employees are eligible for tax credits under the Affordable Care Act, with benefits including increased competition among insurers and reduced health insurance premiums. By 2013, 3.4 million workers may take advantage of the tax credit, which increases in value to up to 50% of premium contribution by 2014.
Test-tube calf embryos more likely to survive Texas summers
A new study by Texas A&M AgriLife Communications found that using test-tube calf embryos can double pregnancy rates and increase heifer births during the summer months. The method uses fresh or frozen embryos fertilized in a lab, bypassing heat stress's negative effects on fertility.
New discovery could pave the way for identification of rogue CFC release
Scientists at University of East Anglia and Frankfurt discover largest chlorine isotope enrichment ever found in nature. This breakthrough could lead to identification of sources of banned CFCs still being released into the atmosphere.
Novartis and collaborators discover novel antimalarial drug candidate
Researchers have discovered a novel compound, spiroindolone NITD609, effective against both strains of the malaria parasite and shows pharmacological properties compatible with a once-daily dosing regimen.
Tiny ant bodyguards keep massive elephants at bay
A new study reveals that tiny ants play a crucial role in protecting acacia trees from elephants in the African savanna. The findings suggest that swarming groups of ants can deter elephants, which prefer to eat ant-plants over their favorite tree food.
Listening to ancient colors
A team of McGill chemists has discovered a technique that can identify the composition of pigments used in art work that is decades or even centuries old. The technique, known as photoacoustic infrared spectroscopy, analyzes the infrared spectra emitted by pigments when exposed to light, allowing researchers to classify 12 historically...
Laser-based missile defense for helicopters being developed
Researchers have created a new mid-infrared supercontinuum laser that can blind heat-seeking missiles from a distance of 1.8 miles away, providing a promising solution for helicopter protection in combat zones. The technology is being commercialized through Omni Sciences, Inc., which has received $1 million in grants from the Army and ...
UCLA chemists, engineers achieve world record with high-speed graphene transistors
Researchers at UCLA have overcome difficulties in integrating graphene into electronic devices, achieving the fastest graphene transistor to date with a cutoff frequency of up to 300 GHz. This breakthrough enables the development of high-speed radio-frequency electronics for applications in microwave communication and radar technologies.
Serendipity contributes to MRSA susceptibility findings
Duke University researchers identified two genes influencing susceptibility to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. The study suggests that genetic clues can help inform patient management and drug development, potentially saving lives.
Ants take on Goliath role in protecting trees in the savanna from elephants
A new study found that ants play a crucial role in protecting tree cover in East African savannas from elephants. The researchers discovered that swarming groups of ants can repel elephants, preventing extensive damage to trees.
Occurrence of increased kidney transplant listings in patients with prior non-kidney transplants
A study reveals that individuals with prior non-kidney organ transplants are more likely to be listed for a kidney transplant before dialysis initiation. This trend adds to the list of organ allocation challenges, as these patients have higher waitlist mortality rates and shorter lifespans compared to those with prior kidney transplants.
SourceAmerican Society of Nephrology·JournalClinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology·DateSep 2, 2010
New method successfully predicted how oil from Deepwater Horizon spill would spread
A team of UC Santa Barbara researchers successfully predicted the movement of oil from the Deepwater Horizon spill in the Gulf of Mexico. They developed a new approach that uses computational models to forecast sea surface conditions and predict where and when oil will wash ashore.
LSUHSC pediatric weight expert provides obesity trinity answers
Dr. Sothern provides three opportunities for change to prevent the obesity epidemic: intensive nutrition and physical activity counseling, free play opportunities, and high-quality weight-management programs. These interventions aim to protect future generations from health consequences by programming their metabolism at a young age.
Science's policy clout diminished, but oil risk looms large
A recent study suggests that individuals' core values and prior beliefs have a substantial impact on their confidence in scientific reports, particularly when it comes to environmental issues like offshore oil drilling. This finding raises questions about the influence of science on public policy debates.
Study challenges value of oxygen therapy in end-of-life care
A new study from Duke University Medical Center found that half of patients with advanced disease in palliative care settings don't benefit from oxygen therapy, and receiving pure oxygen or room air offers equal relief. The study suggests alternative methods, such as using a small fan, may be equally effective.
Risk assessment questionnaire identifies likelihood of anesthetic complications in children prior to surgery
A risk assessment questionnaire identified risk factors for respiratory adverse events in children undergoing general anesthesia, including family history of asthma and eczema. The findings suggest that tailored anesthesia management can benefit high-risk children, improving outcomes.
Team discovers new type of anti-malarial compound
A research team led by Scripps Research Institute has discovered a promising new drug candidate to treat malaria, which shows an attractive safety profile and potential for treatment in a single oral dose. The study's findings provide hope for the development of new treatments against this deadly disease.
Hubble observations of supernova reveal composition of 'star guts' pouring out
Astronomers measure velocity and composition of 'star guts' from nearby supernova Supernova 1987A using Hubble Space Telescope observations. The study reveals the deposition of energy and heavy elements into the host galaxy, including elements necessary for life on Earth.