The International AIDS Society launches a new report recommending a science-based approach to scaling up treatment and prevention of HIV amongst Injecting Drug Users (IDUs). The 'Seek, test, treat and retain' model advocates for expanding outreach, testing, treatment, and retention services within the criminal justice system.
A new study by Jorge Contreras explores the 15-year struggle over data-release decisions in human genome research, highlighting a balancing act between researchers' needs and data users' rights. The study's findings have implications for various scientific fields beyond genomics, including climate change and chemistry.
African Americans with hypertensive nephrosclerosis have a higher rate of developing end stage renal disease (ESRD) than dying prematurely, according to a new study. The study analyzed data from the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK) trial and cohort phase, finding that ESRD rates exceeded mortality rates ...
A new study published in Gastroenterology highlights the risk of hepatitis B and C virus transmission through contaminated anesthesia. Reuse of syringes and medication vials without proper sterilization can lead to viral transmission, emphasizing the need for strict adherence to sterile techniques in healthcare settings.
A team of divers has been mapping freshwater pools in Cara Blanca, Belize, which were important to the ancient Maya. The divers found fossilized animal remains, bits of pottery, and an enormous underwater cave in the largest pool explored.
A novel approach detects genetically abnormal cells in the blood of non-small cell lung cancer patients, increasing with disease severity. The study suggests that these circulating cells could be used to diagnose lung cancer earlier and monitor response to therapy.
Two new studies reveal a key molecular link between bone remodeling and metabolism, finding that osteocalcin levels are tied to insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Osteocalcin treatment improves symptoms in mice with diabetes-like conditions.
Research on giant pandas in China's Xiaoxiangling and Daxiangling mountains shows physical barriers can isolate genetic groups. Gene flow is crucial for maintaining genetic diversity and is negatively affected by habitat fragmentation. Reconnecting habitats could restore population viability of the endangered species.
The GRB7 gene is found to drive an aggressive form of breast cancer and acts independently of the HER-2 gene. Isolating its role could help fine-tune treatment and enable accurate prognoses.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have created a mathematical model of colon inflammation that identifies pro-inflammatory macrophages as key culprits for unregulated inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease. The model allows scientists to explore cellular and molecular changes underlying chronic inflammation, identify intervention points...
A clinical trial in Cambodia found that starting anti-HIV therapy two weeks after beginning TB treatment boosts survival rates for HIV-infected adults with weak immune systems. This approach, compared to waiting eight weeks, shows a significant difference in mortality rates among participants.
A new study published in The Lancet found that women who underwent radiation therapy as children are more likely to experience stillbirths or baby deaths when attempting to conceive. In contrast, no increased risk was found for men exposed to similar levels of radiation. The authors suggest that uterine damage may be the primary factor...
Researchers have discovered a genetic variation that moderates whether victims of bullying develop emotional problems. The study, published in the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, found that a specific gene variant affects the severity of emotional distress in bullied children.
A study published in the Journal of Consumer Research found that consumers witnessing employee incivility, even when it's directed at another employee, form negative impressions of the company. The researchers suggest that promoting employee civility through training and setting zero-tolerance expectations can enhance customer behavior.
A new study suggests that adult circumcision would have a very small effect on reducing HIV incidence in the US. The study found that only 500 out of 65,700 gay and bisexual men in San Francisco would potentially benefit from circumcision.
Research team discovers unique gut sliding movement in caterpillars, which inspires design of soft material robots. These 'softbots' can move without visible leg translations and are suitable for search-and-rescue operations and space applications.
A multidisciplinary team of scientists led by California Institute of Technology will receive funding to develop an integrated solar energy-to-chemical fuel conversion system. The goal is to produce fuels directly from sunlight, reducing dependence on oil and enhancing energy security.
The Lancet series on HIV in people who use drugs highlights the need to shift focus from individual patient adherence to health delivery conditions that create treatment interruptions. The series reports that increased ART provision to IDUs reduces infectivity and transmission, and is cost-effective.
A team of chemists, physicists and materials scientists at the University of Pennsylvania created a new method to rapidly grow centimeter-scale membranes of binary nanocrystal superlattices by crystallizing a mixture of nanocrystals on a liquid surface. The study demonstrates a new way to control nanocrystal size, shape and concentration.
Researchers used MRI scans to investigate the neurological basis for performance on vocational guidance tests, finding that gray matter correlates differ between broad and narrow test types. This study provides a basis for investigating whether brain scans can provide unique information for vocational choice.
Scientists tested eight common oil spill dispersants and found none showed significant hormone disruption activity. Only high concentrations exceeded safe levels of cell death, but other potential toxins remain untested.
The University of Idaho is launching a new STEM Educational Research Initiative, supported by a four-year, $1.2 million funding from the Micron Technology Foundation. The initiative aims to identify and address root causes of why Idaho students may not perform well in STEM fields and develop programs to overcome those barriers.
A recent study found that a significant number of patients are willing to undergo computed tomography colonography (CTC) for colorectal cancer screening, but are hesitant to pay out-of-pocket fees. The study suggests that CTC availability could improve screening rates if insurance coverage were more widely available.
Researchers discovered that specific brain circuits in the basal ganglia signal the start and stop of new actions, a process compromised in Parkinson's and Huntington's patients. Genetic manipulation of these circuits in mice impaired sequence learning, echoing human patients' struggles with movement initiation and termination.
A recent study has discovered that a protein known for its role in type 2 diabetes may also be involved in heart disease and other metabolic disorders. The findings suggest potential drug targets among gene networks, offering new avenues for treatment.
Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center researchers have developed a new technology using iron-containing Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes to treat cancer. The iron-loaded nanoparticles can be tracked in living tissue and destroy tumors when hit with a laser, offering a potential solution to increasing the accuracy of cancer treatment.
A recent study by University of Illinois researchers found that the application of disinfectants in recreational pools can lead to adverse health outcomes. The study suggests that brominating agents should be avoided as disinfectants, and that a combination of UV treatment with chlorine is the best method to treat pool waters.
A recent study found that Florida's winters are getting more extreme, causing plants to flower later and potentially shrinking the growing seasons for some of the state's most vital crops. The researchers' work highlights the complexity of a changing climate in a warming world.
A University of Utah computer scientist has devised a new method to simplify and speed up data mining, allowing for the analysis of high-dimensional data. The new approach can handle larger datasets than previous methods, making it useful for various applications in natural and social sciences.
Researchers found that wildfire prevention education in Florida significantly outweighs its costs, with benefits ranging from 10- to 99-fold. The study suggests media efforts are the most effective method, yielding largest net benefits per unit, while presentations in public venues can also be effective.
Astronomers discovered a giant black hole with its spin axis pointing in a different direction after two collisions with smaller galaxies. The observations suggest that the black hole was jerked around twice, creating cavities and radio jets.
A study by University of Kansas researchers found that climate change is leading to increased body weight and population size in mountain rodents called marmots. The longer growing season due to warming temperatures allows marmots to gain more fat, reproduce earlier, and survive hibernation better.
A new study has discovered that capsaicin, a compound found in chili peppers, can cause weight loss and fight fat buildup by triggering certain beneficial protein changes in the body. The research, published in ACS' Journal of Proteome Research, suggests that capsaicin may lead to new treatments for obesity.
A NASA-funded research scientist has developed a supercomputer model that can replicate the formation of tropical cyclones five days in advance. This breakthrough could lead to greater accuracy and earlier warnings for life-threatening storms.
A new study reveals that 17% of Toronto's homeless population has unmet health care needs, with women and those with dependent children facing significant barriers. The study highlights the importance of primary care providers and access to healthcare for vulnerable populations.
Researchers have successfully used iron-containing Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) to destroy tumors with heat generated by laser therapy. The nanotubes become visible in an MRI scanner, allowing for precise targeting of cancer cells and reducing the risk of harming healthy tissue.
Scientists have validated a new organoclay material that is safer and more environmentally friendly for making plastics. The new material achieves mass producible organoclays that are cheaper and generate less dust compared to current alternatives.
A University of Alberta study discovered that muscular heart failure patients with more muscle mass tend to have better nutritional status and reduced severity of the disease. Higher body fat is associated with increased inflammation and reduced exercise capacity, suggesting a potential benefit from having lower body fat.
A study of over 1,000 gay and bisexual men found that childhood sexual abuse and social shaming were associated with later psychosocial health problems, including increased risk-taking behavior. The authors suggest that addressing early social issues could help prevent these syndemic conditions.
System 97L is developing into a system with intense rainfall, affecting Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and Hispaniola. NASA satellite data shows strong thunderstorms and cold cloud tops, indicating potential for a tropical cyclone.
Researchers found that compounds targeting PPARγ can improve insulin sensitivity without promoting fat cell growth, offering a new target for anti-diabetic treatments. The study suggests a unified framework for understanding the relationship between fat cell dysfunction and anti-diabetic therapies.
Researchers gathered for a workshop to review and debate the latest research on HIV reservoirs, with the goal of controlling or eradicating the virus. Despite advances in antiretroviral therapy, HIV remains hidden in certain cells, making lifelong treatment necessary.
Researchers found that women with low HDL cholesterol are at higher risk for vascular disease and depression, while men with low LDL cholesterol are at increased mental health risk. The study suggests that regulating cholesterol levels may help prevent depression in the elderly.
Researchers at the University of Tennessee have discovered water on the inside and outside of the moon, with similarities to volcanic systems on Earth. The finding challenges the long-held theory that the moon was bone-dry and has deep implications for its formation.
Researchers discovered a new mechanism by which PPAR-gamma controls whole-body insulin sensitivity, potentially leading to more selective and safer diabetes medications. This finding may motivate pharmaceutical companies to revisit compounds targeting PPAR-gamma.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center discovered a link between anti-TPO antibodies and placental abruption in pregnant women. The study of over 17,000 women found that antibody-positive women were three times as likely to experience placental separation during labor.
A new study found that exposure to ground-level ozone over several weeks increased tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels and decreased heart-protective protein Cav1 in rats. This suggests a link between O3 exposure and cardiac dysfunction, highlighting the potential risks of air pollution on cardiovascular health.
Scientists at the University of Haifa have identified two chemicals released by mosquito predators that repel egg-laying mosquitoes, offering a potential environmentally friendly solution for reducing mosquito populations. The findings may lead to the development of a natural and inexpensive option for controlling mosquito breeding sites.
A 10-year study by University of Pittsburgh researchers found that 79% of participants reported infrequent drug use, with three distinct subgroups emerging. The study aimed to understand how drug use changes among older gay and bisexual men and its implications for HIV prevention and treatment.
A randomized controlled trial found that nitric oxide treatment did not improve overall survival or reduce poor lung development in preterm infants. However, black babies showed a higher survival rate compared to non-black babies. The study suggests that ethnic origin may affect the response to nitric oxide treatment.
Scientists have discovered a star with a mass of 265 solar masses in the Large Magellanic Cloud, exceeding previous records. This finding raises questions about the formation process of such massive stars and their role in shaping the universe.
Researchers have identified three protein fragments in gluten that trigger an immune response in people with coeliac disease, leading to small intestine damage. This discovery could pave the way for a new generation of diagnostic tools, treatments, and prevention strategies.
Researchers have developed a method to produce sterile fish with three sets of chromosomes, enhancing growth and reducing reproduction in aquaculture. This breakthrough allows for more efficient production of faster-growing farm-raised salmon and trout.
The new code addresses good practice and bad conduct in science, offering a basis for trust and integrity across Europe. Researchers will have a common set of standards to self-regulate the research community, preventing misconduct that can endanger reputations.
Researchers at UMass Medical School have found valproic acid to halt vision loss in patients with retinitis pigmentosa, a severe neurodegenerative disease that causes blindness. The study suggests that low-dose valproic acid could be an effective treatment for photoreceptor loss associated with RP.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University are developing a new clinical approach to prevent cancer recurrence after surgery by blocking stress responses. The treatment involves combining two widely available medications to boost the immune system and prevent tumor metastasis, with promising results in animal studies.
Studies based on the JUPITER trial found that high-dose statin treatment significantly reduces myocardial infarction and stroke risk. In contrast, good cholesterol levels no longer predict cardiovascular risk in patients with very low bad cholesterol levels.
Scientists at Hebrew University have developed a new technology using poplar tree protein to increase computer memory capacity and reduce manufacturing costs. The approach involves combining protein molecules with silica nanoparticles, resulting in a cost-effective system that can greatly expand existing memory capacity.
Researchers have developed a non-invasive imaging tool to study the retina of live birds of prey, producing detailed images for the first time in history. The new spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) system shows unprecedented three-dimensional information about the retina's layers and structure.
Research at Uppsala University found a strong connection between lake sediment temperature and carbon dioxide production. A warmer climate is expected to increase carbon dioxide emissions by 4-27% over the next hundred years due to decreased organic carbon deposition.