Special issue of Journal of the American College of Cardiology explores controversy surrounding cardiac imaging tests. Experts call for balance between risks and benefits, emphasizing that these tests should only be used when clinical benefit exceeds potential harm.
A 150-million-year-old 'Dinobird' fossil has been found to contain remnants of the animal's original chemistry, including phosphorous and sulfur in its feathers. The discovery could revolutionize the field of palaeontology by providing a new avenue for learning about long-extinct creatures.
The ESCEO-IOF-ABBH Young Investigator Award recognizes the work of young researchers who have made significant contributions to osteoporosis research. The award is presented to researchers under the age of 40 who have submitted high-quality abstracts to the IOF WCO-ECCEO10 congress.
A study found that widespread use of the Canadian C-spine rule by triage nurses in emergency departments would alleviate discomfort among trauma patients and streamline patient flow. The rule helps clinicians make diagnostic or therapeutic decisions about cervical spine evaluation, reducing unnecessary immobilization time.
A team of Rensselaer researchers is sending an army of microorganisms into space to investigate the effects of microgravity on biofilm formation and development. The goal is to better understand how gravity affects human-bacteria relationships, aiming to develop new ways to prevent biofilms from posing a health threat to astronauts.
A new bacterial species found in the fly that transmits African sleeping sickness has been identified as a potential tool for controlling the disease. The bacterium, named Serratia glossinae, has shown promise in killing the parasite that causes the disease and could lead to new treatment strategies.
The International Osteoporosis Foundation recommends optimal vitamin D status through serum 25OHD levels and effective sun exposure. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with decreased muscle strength, increased risk of falls and osteoporotic fractures.
Scientists at the Trudeau Institute have identified two crucial signals that enable virus-fighting T cells to migrate to the lungs, where they can fight future infections. This breakthrough could lead to the development of vaccines designed to promote respiratory immunity.
Elderly patients with localized kidney cancer may benefit from conservative care, such as observation or treatments that spare the noncancerous parts of their kidneys. The study found no significant difference in survival rates between those who had their entire kidney removed and those who received active monitoring.
Researchers found that high cholesterol levels affect bone marrow microenvironment, leading to increased exit of cells into peripheral blood. This study has implications for transplantation and understanding bone marrow malignancies.
Researchers at UCF are exploring new ways to potentially reverse the damage caused by multiple sclerosis and other neurological disorders. The team will study the breakdown of myelin, a substance that coats and protects nerves, with the goal of developing new drugs that can reverse the damage and improve patient outcomes.
Researchers at UNC Chapel Hill have received a $100,000 Grand Challenges Exploration Grant to develop a long-term, reversible male contraceptive. They plan to use therapeutic ultrasound instruments to depletion testicular sperm, making it impossible for men to father children.
Children with dyslexia exhibit structural differences in white matter fibers that affect the left-hemisphere language network. This disruption impairs reading, articulation, and speech, as the front and back parts of the brain fail to communicate effectively.
Researchers found several new bacteria originating in the mouth can travel through the blood to cause an inflammatory reaction in the placenta and lead to health issues such as miscarriages and stillbirths. Oral bacteria that colonize in the placenta can stimulate an inflammatory response leading to cervical and membrane weaknesses and...
Researchers found that patients with semantic dementia have difficulty identifying individual flavours and assessing the appropriateness of particular flavour combinations. This suggests a 'pan-modal' deficiency of knowledge in semantic dementia, affecting not just words but also common experiences like flavours.
The University of Nevada, Reno's mining engineering program has received a $2.4 million boost from the mining industry to support environmental solutions and distance education. The program will offer new classes in metallurgical engineering, with two endowed professorships and student scholarships.
Scientists used quantum mechanics to simulate silica behavior under high-temperature and pressure conditions, revealing the mineral's structure changes dramatically with depth. The study suggests the lower mantle may be devoid of silica, except in localized areas where oceanic plates have subducted.
The Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary has received a five-year K12 grant from the National Institutes of Health to support junior clinician-scientists in translational and clinical research. The program provides financial support, mentorship, and protected research time.
A recent study found that surgical lens replacement in infants with congenital cataract leads to more complications than contact lenses. The study, which included 114 infants, showed no short-term visual benefit from implanted lenses and increased risk of additional operations.
A large-scale study found that restless legs syndrome clusters in families due to genetic influences and environmental effects. French-Canadian women are more affected by the condition, with siblings being three and a half times more likely to develop the disease.
A meta-analysis of fibrate drugs found significant reductions in major cardiovascular events and coronary events. Fibrates also showed a modest risk reduction for albuminuria progression, an early marker of kidney disease.
Research in unconventional polarization states of light has the potential to affect a broad range of disciplines. Beams with certain geometrical symmetries can create small focal regions of axially polarized light, essential for interacting with nanostructures and coupling to fields tightly confined to metal surfaces.
A new study by Brigham Young University finds that telephone therapy for depression is nearly as effective as face-to-face consultations. At a six-month follow-up, 42% of participants had recovered from depression, compared to 50% in similar in-person therapy.
A study found that restless legs syndrome aggregates in families, with 77% of affected individuals having a family history. Siblings and offspring are at higher risk of developing the condition, indicating potential genetic or environmental influences.
Researchers found that common seaweed species in Pacific and Caribbean Oceans can kill corals using chemical means. The study suggests that the proliferation of seaweeds may prevent natural recovery from happening at all, especially for reefs damaged by human use or overfishing.
A new ontology called SEMA4A allows specification of user characteristics and preferences to improve the adaptability of emergency notifications. The system aims to reduce fatalities by providing information in a comprehensible manner to various types of users.
A new UC Davis study found that low-wage workers are more likely to be obese due to limited access to healthier food and physical activity options. Raising minimum wages may help expand access to healthier lifestyle choices.
Researchers at PNNL present new insights into carbon capture and storage, highlighting potential deployment scenarios in the US and cost-effective opportunities in China. The technology has significant promise for mitigating climate change, with potential to reduce emissions from coal-fired power plants.
According to a new paper, large quantities of phosphorus in oceans led to vast algal blooms, pumping oxygen into the environment, allowing larger organisms to thrive. This oxygenation had major consequences for the evolution of complex life and may have played a key role in creating an oxygenated atmosphere.
University of Arizona researchers presented new findings on improving hurricane predictions and understanding the effects of tropical cyclones on the U.S. Southwest. Cloud clusters with higher symmetry are more likely to become hurricanes, and tropical storms in the eastern Pacific are linked to the Caribbean Low-Level Jet.
Researchers discovered that multiple layers of graphene retain strong heat conducting properties, making it a promising material for removing dissipated heat from electronic devices. This breakthrough could lead to the development of new technologies to keep laptops and other devices from overheating.
Researchers from NC State University developed a new model to understand how biofuel chemicals react when burned. This helps create more efficient and environmentally friendly energy sources.
Researchers found a relationship between time spent in vigorous physical activity and strength of the femoral neck, independent of diet and lifestyle. The study suggests increasing physical activity in childhood can improve skeletal bone development and reduce the risk of osteoporosis later in life.
Researchers identified copy number variations in genes that affect brain signaling, increasing the risk of schizophrenia. The study found overlaps with genes involved in autism and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, suggesting common pathogenesis mechanisms.
A study by Northwestern University researchers reveals that children's experience and cultural beliefs significantly influence their reasoning about the natural world. The findings challenge the long-held assumption of a universal human-centered pattern in young children's development.
Researchers at Genentech Inc. developed a way to specifically eliminate IgE-producing B cells, providing a new approach to treating asthma and other allergic diseases. The monoclonal antibody neutralizes the effects of soluble IgE molecules in the blood, reducing their levels and numbers.
The cost of cancer treatment in the US has nearly doubled over the past two decades, with private insurance and Medicaid bearing a growing burden. Inpatient hospital admissions account for a smaller share of costs, while outpatient expenditures increase.
Researchers found that a protein called hemagglutinin (HA) plays a crucial role in allowing the toxic protein to pass through the intestinal epithelial barrier. The study reveals a species-specific interaction between HA and E-cadherin, which disrupts cell-to-cell adhesion and allows the toxin to enter circulation.
A study found that individuals with a family history of type 2 diabetes gain significantly more weight after consuming excess calories compared to those without such a history. Insulin resistance, a precursor to the disease, was also observed in the genetically prone group.
A study published in Pediatrics found that almost one-quarter of young adults in Montreal used waterpipes within the past year. The research team also discovered that waterpipe users were more likely to use other psychoactive substances.
A new study by Michigan State University researchers finds that zero tolerance policies in schools are failing to make students feel safe. The policies, established in the mid-1990s, have become plagued by inconsistent enforcement and inadequate security.
Researchers from Georgetown University Medical Center identify a potential new combination therapy to increase or 'rescue' sensitivity to fulvestrant in ER+ breast cancers. The study found that the cytokine IFNγ appears to increase IRF1 expression, leading to increased apoptosis of cancer cells.
A recent study published in PNAS reveals that Mycobacterium tuberculosis relies on gluconeogenic substrates for growth and persistence, with phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) playing a pivotal role. This finding could lead to the development of new drug therapies targeting the enzyme, potentially improving treatment outcomes fo...
Researchers at the University of Illinois discovered that starting early-weaned cattle on corn and finishing them on a diet high in co-products can achieve high-quality beef while reducing feed costs. Cattle fed these diets showed significant marbling and higher profits compared to traditional finishing methods.
Jason W. Chin receives the EMBO Gold Medal for his groundbreaking work on reprogramming the genetic code, allowing molecular biologists to control and elucidate protein functions with unprecedented precision. His research enables the creation of designer amino acids, opening doors to new applications in protein therapeutics and materials.
Researchers have developed a Mouse Grimace Scale to measure spontaneous responses in mice resembling human pain expressions. The scale accelerates the development of new analgesics for humans while eliminating unnecessary suffering in lab animals.
Scientists at the University of Gothenburg have successfully photographed the movement of atoms during photosynthesis, revealing a temporary storage of light energy before chemical bonds form. The breakthrough could lead to more efficient solar panels by mimicking photosynthesis' sophisticated energy conversion process.
A new study from the University of Gothenburg found that 23% of bus and tram drivers in Sweden experience pronounced daytime sleepiness, while 28% struggle with getting to sleep. Treatment with a CPAP machine improved symptoms and reduced daytime sleepiness among drivers with obstructive sleep apnoea.
Warren Piers, a University of Calgary chemist, has developed a faster catalyst for olefin metathesis reactions. This breakthrough enables more efficient production of chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and biofuels while reducing energy costs and waste. The discovery opens up new applications and markets.
A randomized trial found that pramipexole significantly improved depressive symptoms and functioning in patients with mild-to-moderate Parkinson's disease. The study also showed that the antidepressant effect of pramipexole was largely independent of its effect on motor symptoms.
Scientists at the University of Gothenburg have created a method to develop safer drugs by simulating metabolism and identifying potentially toxic metabolites. This approach has been successfully applied to the antimalarial drug amodiaquine, which was withdrawn due to liver damage and immune system impairment.
Research finds common intestinal bacteria promote tumor growth in genetically susceptible mice, but an inhibiting protein enzyme suppresses growth, increasing survival time. The study's findings could lead to a new form of treatment for familial adenomatous polyposis, a genetic condition that increases the risk of colon cancer.
Research from neuroscientist Samuel Weiss shows that paternal mice physically interact with their babies grow new brain cells and form lasting memories of their babies. The study demonstrates a positive feedback loop between social interactions and healthy brains.
Researchers discovered insulin's properties reduce inflammation in fat tissue, a key factor in developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Identifying the inflammatory molecule IL-6 and protein PKCdelta improved understanding of signalling mechanisms that can lead to medicines to reduce inflammation and related disorders.
A Scripps Research Institute team has discovered a mechanism to enhance the cellular folding and function of mutated lysosomal enzymes, which are linked to Gaucher's disease. The researchers used FDA-approved drugs to increase calcium levels in cells from patients with Gaucher's disease, potentially paving the way for clinical trials.
A new antifouling substance, medetomidine, has been shown to cause paler fish by affecting their skin cells containing dark pigment. The research also found that the substance can impair a fish's ability to break down environmental toxins and affect its liver function.
A joint clinical trial found that administering fibrinogen before heart surgery reduces bleeding risk. The study suggests fibrinogen concentrate could be used as a preventive therapy for patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Researchers found that a genetic mutation causes Interference in the Pruning process of nerve connections. The protein FMRP plays a role in this process, and the study may lead to better understanding of Fragile X Syndrome.
A rare case report describes a 68-year-old man with abdominal bloating caused by intussusception due to small intestine lipomatous lesions located in a jejunal duplication cyst. Multiple lipomas within jejunal duplication cysts are rare and difficult to diagnose before surgery, emphasizing the need for appropriate examination methods.
Scientists have developed a fatty acid that enhances the delivery of an existing anticancer drug, increasing its effectiveness in treating certain types of blood cancer. By incorporating elaidic acid into azacytidine, researchers were able to improve the bioavailability of the agent and increase therapeutic efficacy.