Researchers found that estrogen-lowering drugs can shrink tumors and reduce mastectomy rates for patients with stage 2 or 3 breast cancer. Aromatase inhibitors, which block the production of estrogen, were shown to be effective in reducing tumor size and improving surgical outcomes.
A new study found that women participating in a mind/body program for stress reduction while undergoing IVF treatment had a significantly higher pregnancy rate (52%) compared to those who did not participate (20%). The study suggests that psychological distress may be an important detriment to IVF outcome.
A parasitic fungus infects tropical carpenter ants, causing them to become zombie-like and die in ideal conditions for the fungus. The fungus affects the ant's muscles, nervous system, and behavior, leading to a loss of coordination and death.
Researchers at Carnegie Institution claim that carbon emissions are more closely tied to consumption patterns than territorial boundaries. The study found that the average person in developed countries emits more CO2 per capita than their counterparts in developing countries, highlighting the need to consider all drivers of emissions.
The Nuffield Council on Bioethics proposes a framework to address ethical concerns in biofuel production, focusing on human rights, environmental sustainability, and fair trade. Biofuels are seen as a vital renewable energy source, but current policies have backfired, causing deforestation and displacing indigenous populations.
A growing seal population has led to increased damage to fish and fishing gear, highlighting the need for sustainable alternatives. Scientists have identified certain seals as specialists in attacking trap equipment, but also found that pot fishing can be a viable alternative to net fishing.
Researchers found that reading narratives allows us to assimilate into a character's world, leading to increased life satisfaction and positive mood. This process, known as collective assimilation, taps into our deep-seated need for social connection.
A large study found that allowing a period of observation for children with minor blunt head trauma reduces the use of head CT scans by half without compromising care. The study analyzed over 40,000 children and found that clinically important traumatic brain injury was equally uncommon in observed and non-observed groups.
A study found that consumers take on debt despite believing they should limit it, citing financial independence and social pressure as reasons. The researchers also discovered that credit use was viewed as essential for middle-class Americans to achieve basic necessities.
A study from Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center found that nearly 3% of Americans using mind-body therapies were referred by a healthcare provider, suggesting a shift towards mainstream acceptance. These patients were sicker and used the healthcare system more than those who self-referenced for MBT.
A new study by Henry Ford Hospital researchers found that nurse-driven, open-access colonoscopy programs are as effective and safe as traditional consultations with a gastroenterologist. The study compared outcomes of 15,901 patients in an open-access program to 6,861 patients who received outpatient consultation prior to screening.
A Canadian study found that most nurses (71%) prefer using the dorsogluteal site for intramuscular injections, despite potential risks of sciatic nerve injury. Younger nurses were more likely to follow recommended best practices.
Researchers found that apigenin in parsley and celery can delay and reduce breast cancer tumor formation by blocking blood vessel growth. The study suggests incorporating these plant-based compounds into daily diets may help prevent breast cancer progression in women taking hormone replacement therapies.
A new blood-based test has the potential to diagnose Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) more quickly and accurately, allowing doctors to prescribe the right medication and prevent flares. The test uses a small chip to detect biomarkers in the body, creating a unique 'fingerprint' for each patient.
A team of researchers has deciphered the genome of a tropical marine organism, Lyngbya majuscula 3L, which produces substances with biomedical promise. The study provides insights into the genetics underlying their production and reveals key information about its limitations and shortcomings.
A study analyzed cost-effectiveness of strategies to treat infant tear duct obstruction, finding that immediate office-based probing surgery is more expensive than waiting but slightly less effective. The optimal approach depends on the spontaneous resolution rate, with varying costs and outcomes depending on the setting of intervention.
A team of MIT chemical engineers has created a new detector that can pick up a single molecule of an explosive such as TNT, surpassing the sensitivity of existing explosives detectors. The sensor uses protein fragments to recognize nitro-aromatic compounds and can identify unique 'fingerprints' for different explosives.
A mathematical approach has been developed to make complex combination vaccines more affordable for developing countries. The model considers key factors in providing accessible vaccines, including production capacity and pricing strategies.
A team of researchers has detailed the molecular mechanism by which FTY270 causes adverse effects in the lungs of mice with multiple sclerosis. The study suggests that developing a drug targeting S1P receptors on immune cells could provide a therapeutic with decreased side effects.
Stephen L. Boehm II, Ph.D., a behavioral neuroscientist at IUPUI, has been awarded the 2011 Young Scientist of the Year by the International Behavioural and Neural Genetics Society for his research on binge drinking's impact on gamma-aminobutyric acid neural circuits. His lab is also recognized for its mentorship of students.
A recent study published in the Journal of Conflict Resolution found that reducing unemployment does not decrease insurgent attacks against government and allied forces. The researchers tested this prediction in Afghanistan, Iraq, and the Philippines using survey data on unemployment and two newly available measures of insurgency.
Researchers have found that minute particles of pyrite from hydrothermal vents are a rich source of iron in the deep sea, providing a nutrient supplement for tiny plants and bacteria. This iron is released as these particles travel through the ocean, making them an important food source for life in the deep sea.
A Mayo Clinic study found that it takes an average of 275 procedures to reach minimal cognitive and motor competency in gastroenterology fellows performing colonoscopies. The research team used a validated testing method to assess the performance of 41 fellows who performed over 6,600 colonoscopies.
A report by Princeton University engineers suggests that removing carbon dioxide from the air is not a viable economic solution for slowing climate change. The study found that such technologies would be more expensive than preventing emissions in the first place.
The AGA recognizes individuals who have made significant contributions to gastroenterology through various awards, including the Julius Friedenwald Medal and Distinguished Achievement Award. These recipients are leaders in their field and have made remarkable impacts on gastroenterological practice and research.
A group of mitochondrial proteins, known as MTC proteins, has been identified by researchers at the University of Gothenburg as playing a crucial role in regulating the aging process. The study found that these proteins help to stabilize the genome and remove damaged proteins, leading to increased lifespan.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins University developed an approach to sensitize prostate cancer cells to radiation therapy by knocking down the expression of a gene responsible for DNA repair. Meanwhile, researchers at Weill Cornell Medical College found that a multiple sclerosis drug causes adverse effects in the lungs by degrading S1P rece...
Access to fresh and healthy foods is crucial for long-term food security, according to Michelle Kaiser. Increasing local food production can reduce economic and environmental impacts of transporting food, enabling people to avoid processed, unhealthy foods.
Researchers at the Ragon Institute identified variations in peptide stability that alter targeting of infected cells by CD8 T cells. The study found that specific mutations can reduce peptide stability, impairing immune response and increasing HIV resistance.
The study's genome-wide characterization of rust fungi may help develop control strategies for worldwide threats to wheat fields and tree plantations. Researchers uncovered evidence that both pathogens have large numbers of effector proteins, indicating co-evolution with host plants.
The new EarthScope National Office at ASU aims to explore and discover the 4-D structure and evolution of the North American continent. The program deploys thousands of seismic instruments across the US, providing unprecedented data on Earth's dynamics.
Scientists selectively sensitized prostate cancer cells to radiation therapy by knocking down a key protein repair gene. The approach shows promise for treating locally advanced prostate cancer, reducing disease recurrence.
A recent study published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal found that Canadian Inuit have similar diabetes levels to the general population, contrary to previous assumptions. Researchers analyzed data from over 2,500 participants and found that obesity rates were high among Inuit, with 28% being overweight and 35% obese.
A recent report from the National Institutes of Health found insufficient evidence linking modifiable factors to Alzheimer's disease risk. The panel concluded that large-scale studies and clinical trials are needed to answer these questions. Researchers urge individuals to maintain a healthy lifestyle despite current uncertainty.
A study found that CTPA screening led to a 81% increase in PE diagnoses, but only a 3% decrease in mortality rates. The authors suggest overdiagnosis due to the detection of clinically insignificant small emboli.
Researchers have successfully used oncolytic viruses to infect and kill pancreatic cancer stem cells, which are thought to cause disease recurrence and metastasis. This breakthrough could provide a potential therapy for pancreatic cancer patients, particularly those with tumors resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiation.
Researchers at the Boys Town National Research Hospital found that noisy classrooms significantly affect young students' ability to learn. Meanwhile, a new study on deaf infants with cochlear implants shows they don't automatically know how to listen when people speak. Cognitive psychologists also explored the power of single words in ...
A new biomarker for diagnosing prostate cancer has been found to be more reliable than current methods, reducing false positives and unnecessary operations. The study, published in PNAS, uses a unique test that detects elevated levels of prostasomes in blood, which are released by cancer cells into the surrounding tissue.
German and US researchers have successfully calculated the Hoyle state, an energy-rich form of the carbon nucleus. This achievement is crucial for understanding how life began and may even allow answering philosophical questions using science.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurs in 20-51% of patients with an orthopaedic injury, hindering recovery and daily activities. Effective treatment includes therapy, medications, and prevention strategies to mitigate symptoms and improve outcomes.
Researchers have developed a new technique for analyzing the local chemical composition and structure of nanoscale materials. The nano-FTIR instrument uses thermal radiation to focus light onto a sample, allowing for high-resolution imaging and spectroscopy of single nanoparticles or devices.
The Lancet series highlights Brazil's successes in healthcare, but also notes areas of concern such as high caesarean section rates and increasing obesity. The country's experience offers valuable lessons for addressing health inequities and implementing reforms to prioritize public health.
Researchers in China and Hong Kong found that Facebook usage improves academic and social integration among students. Students reported using Facebook to maintain friendships, share knowledge, and collaborate with peers, suggesting its potential in enhancing learning outcomes.
The Kunming Institute of Botany, part of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Springer are launching a new fully sponsored open access journal called Natural Products and Bioprospecting. This journal aims to serve as an international forum for essential research on natural products and their applications.
Studies found that psychological issues contribute to gastrointestinal symptoms severity, while low-intensity exercise decreases colon polyps risk, particularly among overweight individuals. Mindfulness meditation also improves IBS symptoms and reduces pain.
A new algorithm allows for high-capacity data hiding in executable files, providing a secure way to embed and conceal data. The technology can be used on various devices, including smartphones and tablets.
Despite significant improvements in child survival interventions and education, Brazil still faces challenges in reducing maternal mortality rates and increasing access to healthcare, particularly in rural areas.
A meta-analysis of proton pump inhibitor use found a 29% increase in fracture risk, particularly hip and vertebral fractures. Clinicians should carefully consider PPI prescription, especially for patients with elevated fracture risk.
Researchers found that teenagers assign great value to digital photos, music collections, and online artifacts due to their ability to be shared and personalized. The study suggests that technology design could incorporate a fuller appreciation of these sentiments, leading to new products and services.
Bats' varying ear shapes influence biosonar functionality, with implications for engineering applications such as SONAR and RADAR. The study's findings provide insights into the role of biodiversity in customizing general principles for different species.
Researchers found an 81% increase in PE incidence after CTPA introduction, with a decrease in mortality and case fatality rates. However, CTPA also led to a significant increase in presumed anticoagulation complications, highlighting the need for more precise diagnostic tools.
Brazil's unique national health service has improved health outcomes, but socioeconomic disparities and regional inequalities remain. The authors emphasize the need for coordinated action among government, private sector, academia, and civil society to address these challenges and secure universal access to healthcare.
A new study confirms that 'healthy' smokers exhibit gene expression changes similar to those of patients with moderate and severe COPD. Smoking is identified as a critical factor in causing these alterations. The findings support the need for developing new therapies to slow down COPD progression.
A study published in The Lancet highlights Brazil's success in reducing the burden of infectious diseases, but notes that some programs have failed to control diseases like dengue fever. Despite this, experts argue that investing in human and social capital has led to sustainable economic growth and improved health outcomes.
Researchers discover gamma deltaintraepithelial lymphocytes (γδ IEL) play a crucial role in maintaining friendly relations between gut microbes and intestinal lining. These cells patrol intestinal borders, sensing microbial invasion and producing antibiotic proteins to prevent rogue bacteria from spreading to deeper tissue.
Researchers confirm theoretical predictions and discover edge-states in graphene nanoribbons, exhibiting unique electronic properties. The findings open the possibility of building quick-acting, energy-efficient nanoscale devices from graphene-nanoribbon switches.
Research at DDW 2011 presents innovative detection practices to increase liver disease detection rates and prevent premature death. Vaccination rates against hepatitis A and B in patients with chronic liver disease are low, highlighting the need for increased vaccination efforts.
A new study found a strong correlation between income levels and celiac disease diagnosis accuracy, with higher-income individuals more likely to receive accurate diagnoses. The study's authors suggest that socioeconomic factors, including health literacy and access to information, may contribute to this disparity.
Researchers developed an iPhone application that can diagnose stroke with high accuracy, using noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) and CT angiogram head scans. The technology allows doctors to analyze images in real-time from anywhere, providing critical access to specialists.
A potential celiac disease vaccine, Nexvax2, has demonstrated safety and efficacy in a Phase I clinical trial, with the goal of treating the autoimmune disease by desensitizing patients to specific gluten peptides. The vaccine is expected to enter Phase II trials within the next year.