A study found a widespread decrease in sockeye salmon productivity along the western North American coast, with declines observed in both pristine and heavily disturbed habitats. The authors suggest shared mechanisms such as high mortality rates from predators or pathogens may be driving the trend.
Researchers found a young megalosaur with filamentous integument, revealing its body was covered in feathers, which may have been present in all predatory dinosaurs. The discovery also sheds light on the changing diets and lifestyles of juvenile dinosaurs as they grew older.
The CIPRES Science Gateway is helping researchers unravel the enigmas of phylogenetics by making it possible to compare similarities and differences in DNA among large numbers of species. Phylogenetic studies are essential for understanding the history of life on earth, population changes, and evolutionary theories.
University of Granada researchers have developed an artificial cerebellum that controls a robotic arm with human-like precision, enabling it to interact with humans safely. The new cerebellar model adapts to corrections and stores sensorial effects, allowing the robot to perform automatic learning and robust control.
Dietary restriction in flies prolongs life by enhancing fat metabolism and increasing physical activity, critical for extending lifespan. Blocking fat synthesis negates the effect of dietary restriction.
A study by University of Colorado School of Medicine researchers found that foster children who receive mentoring and skills training have improved placement outcomes, with 44% fewer changes in care and 82% lower risk of residential treatment. They are also twice as likely to reunify with their biological families.
Insufficient vaccination coverage, particularly in insecure regions, is preventing the elimination of polio in Pakistan and Afghanistan. A new study suggests that introducing bivalent oral poliovirus vaccines could eliminate polio if sufficient numbers of children are reached by vaccination programs.
A team of researchers, including a Rice astrophysicist, used Doppler measurements to observe loops of plasma flowing up from the sun's surface at high speeds. These findings may help predict solar flares and coronal mass ejections that threaten satellites and power grids.
A study by researchers from Penn, Michigan, and Duke found that alpha male geladas who allowed subordinate competitors into their group had a longer tenure as leader and averaged three more offspring. The findings suggest cooperation among unrelated adult males can benefit the dominant male's reproductive career.
A Griffith University research team has successfully photographed the shadow of a single atom for the first time. The achievement is made possible by a super high-resolution microscope that allows the creation of a darker image, enabling its capture. This technology has far-reaching implications for quantum computing and biomicroscopy.
Researchers found that childhood adversity increases the risk of depression and chronic inflammation, which can persist even after depression resolves. Individuals who experienced early childhood trauma have a higher risk of developing diabetes and heart disease.
The ASU-Leuphana program aims to redefine traditional teaching approaches by utilizing virtual conferencing, intensive writing assignments, and peer-to-peer mentoring. Students from Europe, South America, China, and the US will work together on group projects, developing solutions to sustainability challenges.
Research from Carnegie Institution shows pre-industrial era's clearing of land and forests contribute to atmospheric carbon dioxide, affecting global warming. Accounting for these emissions shifts attribution of global temperature from industrialized nations to developing nations.
Researchers at Kansas State University have identified a new bound state in atoms that can hold three identical atoms together, but repel two. This discovery sheds light on matter and its composition, and may lead to breakthroughs in experiments with ultracold atomic gases.
New research from Carnegie Mellon University reveals parents are 52% less likely to develop a cold than non-parents when exposed to a common cold virus. The study found that parenthood has a positive effect on health, with parents experiencing reduced risk of illness regardless of the number of children they have.
Dr. Curtis Wray has been awarded a $729,000 grant to study disparities in liver cancer life expectancy among underserved populations. His research aims to identify factors contributing to the lower life expectancy of advanced liver cancer patients in these communities.
International experts warn of SA's unhealthy eating habits linked to big food corporations, urging gov action to make healthy foods more accessible and restrict high-calorie products. The authors suggest policy responses including public education and regulation of the industry.
Researchers found that smoking reduces the production of a key gene called BAD in Fallopian tubes, creating an environment conducive to ectopic pregnancies. This finding may lead to new ways to prevent and diagnose ectopic pregnancies.
Scientists have created a new laboratory opossum model to study nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a common liver disease affecting up to 15 million Americans. The study found that high responders carried a mutated ABCB4 gene, leading to cholesterol accumulation in the liver and potential development of NASH.
A new study from the University of Manchester confirms safety indicators for people taking anticoagulant drugs to regulate atrial fibrillation, a condition that increases stroke risk. The study found that patients with high INR levels were more likely to experience bleeding episodes.
Research reveals that American water shrews heat their bodies immediately before diving into cold water, increasing foraging efficiency and potentially allowing them to survive longer underwater. This unexpected behavior challenges prevailing dogma on the physiology of divers.
Brazil has implemented legislation to shield its traditional food system from the influence of global corporations, aiming to improve public health and preserve cultural heritage. By law, schools must serve minimally processed meals sourced from local farmers, reducing the penetration of Big Food companies in Brazil.
A prospective cohort study found associations between plasma concentrations of saturated phospholipid fatty acids and increased risk of coronary heart disease. In contrast, n-6 polyunsaturated phospholipid fatty acids showed an inverse association with coronary heart disease risk.
A cluster-randomized trial found that urban women's groups in Mumbai slums discussed perinatal health, resulting in behavior change. However, there was no measurable impact on population-level perinatal health or mortality rates.
Researchers confirm indoor insecticide spraying reduces malaria deaths by 62% and finds DDT may be effective in areas with intense disease transmission. However, concerns over health risks must be weighed against its potential to reduce malaria illnesses and deaths.
A hospital-based surveillance study found that infections with nontyphoidal Salmonella and Shigella increased the risk of death in children hospitalized with diarrhea in rural Kenya. The study highlights the importance of using zinc for diarrhea management, promoting oral rehydration solutions, water sanitation, and hygiene interventions.
A large retrospective cohort study found that the live zoster vaccine is not associated with an increased risk of shingles in patients with immune-mediated diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. The study showed a significantly reduced longer-term risk of HZ in these patients after vaccination.
A study by Hospital for Special Surgery researchers has demonstrated that women with a specific type of antibody are at risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. The study found that antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs), particularly lupus anticoagulant, increase the risk of complications such as fetal death, preterm delivery, and preeclampsia.
Researchers analyzed leaves from herbarium specimens and found a 2mm decrease in leaf width over 127 years. This response highlights the impact of climate change on Australian plant species, with Narrow-leaf Hopbush exhibiting narrower leaves in warmer temperatures.
A climate model reveals that pre-industrial emissions from land use changes account for 9% of the increase in global mean temperature since the industrial revolution. Historical CO2 emissions from China and India, largely driven by population growth, continue to impact the atmosphere and climate today.
UAVForge, a crowdsourcing competition, aimed to design and develop a militarily relevant small UAV. Despite over 140 teams participating, none successfully completed the fly-off event, highlighting asset cost and complexity hurdles.
Researchers argue that a new focus on controlling energy balance and preventing weight gain is needed to combat the growing epidemic of obesity. By matching food intake to a higher level of physical activity, individuals can achieve 'energy balance' and maintain a healthy body weight.
Researchers at the University of Maryland School of Medicine have discovered that adult stem cells from bone marrow can transform into cells of other organs, such as the heart, brain, and pancreas. This breakthrough has significant implications for treating diseases like diabetes, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's.
A team of scientists at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center has identified the mechanism responsible for inhibition of AMPK activity in the hypothalamus, a crucial integration point where multiple signaling pathways converge. This discovery could lead to new treatments for metabolic diseases and cancer.
A new UCLA study found that obesity and a higher waist circumference reduce risk of adverse outcomes in advanced heart failure patients. Men and women with high BMI and waist circumference had significantly better event-free survival rates than those with normal weight.
A new study found that sharp declines in vaccine uptake led to an increase in polio cases in Afghanistan and Pakistan. The introduction of more effective vaccines has proven ineffective without sufficient coverage, highlighting the need for improved vaccination programs to eradicate polio globally.
Scientists have developed a new method to accurately predict electron behavior in atoms and molecules, resolving the N-representability problem. This breakthrough enables more accurate calculations for phenomena such as combustion engine efficiency and atmospheric ozone depletion.
Researchers found that gregarious bat species will continue to decline due to white-nose syndrome, but changes in social behavior may help the little brown bat persist. In contrast, solitary species like the northern long-eared bat are more susceptible to the disease.
Researchers have discovered the molecular structure of calmodulin's role in regulating L-selectin shedding, allowing white blood cells to move to sites of infection or inflammation. This understanding could lead to developing drug therapies to manipulate the immune system and address disorders caused by overactive immune responses.
Astronomers have observed a young star, V1647 Orionis, exhibiting intense X-ray activity in the McNeil's Nebula, driven by strong magnetic fields. The star's rapid rotation is also evident in its X-ray emission patterns.
Researchers discovered that older honey bees effectively reverse brain aging when they take on nest responsibilities typically handled by younger bees. The study found changes in molecular structure of their brains, including the presence of proteins that can help protect against dementia.
Researchers from Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona successfully extracted the genetic material from two ancient newborns with congenital syphilis. This breakthrough study reveals that younger individuals are more likely to have preserved DNA, shedding light on the historical development of the disease and its geographic distribution.
The €526 million investment in FAIR will support basic research, medical therapies, energy-efficient computers, and new materials. The facility is expected to educate thousands of scientists and engineers from over 50 countries.
Researchers at Tufts Medical Center have developed a novel drug approach to prevent deadly blood clots in heart disease patients without increasing the risk of serious bleeding. The new pepducin, PZ-128, inhibits platelet function and appears to be safe for human testing.
Presentations at the Genetics Society of America's Model Organism to Human Biology meeting revealed key findings on cancer genomic pathways. Researchers identified mediators of metastasis and potential drug targets in model organisms such as zebrafish, fruit flies, and roundworms.
A new study published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal found a potential link between the use of pioglitazone, a type of thiazolidinedione diabetes medication, and an increased risk of bladder cancer. Researchers analyzed data from over 2.6 million patients to quantify this association.
Scientists have reprogrammed amniotic fluid cells into a more versatile state similar to embryonic stem cells. The findings suggest that stem cells derived from donated amniotic fluid could be stored in banks and used for therapies, providing a viable alternative to the limited embryonic stem cells currently available.
Kaboski and Townsend's paper, published in Econometrica, used data from the Townsend Thai Data project to evaluate the impact of a large-scale microfinance initiative. The authors' work provides important insights into development policy, highlighting the benefits and challenges of such programs.
A study by Penn State researchers has found that exposure to violence among adolescents can have lasting physical stress response effects up to a year after the exposure. Cortisol levels were found to be lower in males with higher exposure to violence, suggesting an evolutionary adaptation to suppress cortisol levels.
A Danish study found that women who drink five or more cups of coffee a day have a 50% reduced chance of success in IVF treatment. The live birth rate was also lower by 40%. The researchers suggest that women should not consume more than five cups of coffee a day when undergoing IVF.
Concordia University has been awarded $1.6 million by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada to support research and training in sustainable development. The funding will be used to train approximately 20 students per year in renewable energy production and water optimization.
Southern Methodist University (SMU) physicists have designed a key component of the world's largest physics experiment at CERN. The new high-speed fiber-optic data link, supported by the US Department of Energy, will be 75 times faster than the current link, enabling scientists to analyze vast amounts of data more efficiently.
A study led by University of British Columbia researchers found that the EU pays less than it did two decades ago while catching more fish in Madagascar's waters. The total annual income for Madagascar decreased by almost 90% between 1986 and 2010 due to unfair access fees.
Research found epigenetic changes, specifically DNA methylation, alter genes contributing to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) inflammation and joint damage. RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes display a unique DNA methylome signature compared to normal FLS.
Cyanobacteria populations are increasing globally due to global warming, producing more toxins that harm humans and the environment. In Spain, toxic cyanobacteria blooms in wetlands have been linked to high mortality rates among wildlife and potential human health risks.
A recent study published in JAMA found that the rate of community-onset MRSA infections has decreased significantly among US military personnel. Community-onset skin and soft tissue infections due to MRSA peaked at 62% in 2006 before declining annually, with a proportion of 52% in 2010.
Archaeologists are uncovering the secrets of a mass sacrifice of over 200 warriors in a bog near Alken, Denmark. The dig aims to clarify the circumstances behind the ritual sacrifice and analyze the remains to shed light on the Iron Age culture.
Researchers at the University of Granada have found that ibuprofen has beneficial effects on bone repair following a fracture or surgery. The study shows that a therapeutic dose of ibuprofen does not inhibit osteoblast cell proliferation and synthesis, which is crucial for bone development and growth.
A study by Harvard School of Public Health found that women with higher intakes of dietary saturated fats have fewer mature oocytes available for collection in IVF, leading to lower live birth rates. On the other hand, polyunsaturated fat consumption is inversely related to embryo quality.
Scientists discovered that a widespread plant pest arose from the fusion of two unknown parent species just a few hundred years ago. The study reveals new insights into fungal evolution, showing that hybridization can lead to rapid speciation in plants and fungi.