A new study reveals that coral reefs will survive climate change by altering the mix of coral species as temperatures rise and oceans become more acidic. This shift could have significant implications for ecosystem services like reef tourism and fishing, with potential losses in biodiversity.
Researchers use groundbreaking gene sequencing technology to rapidly detect FLT3 mutations in AML patients who have relapsed on therapy. This discovery may help develop new therapies to treat AML, a type of leukemia characterized by rapid white blood cell growth.
Baylor College of Medicine researchers found that the P[14] strain of rotavirus uses the histo-blood group antigen A as a receptor to infect human cells. Laboratory tests showed that cells with this antigen were easily infected, while those without it were not.
Researchers have discovered that activating mutations in the FLT3 gene play a crucial role in acute myeloid leukemia, making it an attractive target for new treatments. The study identifies drug-resistant mutations in FLT3 and suggests that therapies involving combinations of multiple drugs could suppress these mutated forms.
Researchers have developed a cost-effective method for three-dimensional RNA structure prediction, enabling scientists to understand the functions of RNA molecules that dictate human cell behavior. The technique has the potential to help identify new therapeutic targets for diseases.
A large international study has found that certain versions of four genes may speed up the shrinkage of the hippocampus, a brain region involved in making new memories. The research suggests that these gene variants may increase vulnerability to Alzheimer's disease by accelerating hippocampus shrinkage.
Researchers at BUSM identified four genetic loci associated with decreased hippocampal volume, a trait linked to Alzheimer's disease and aging. The findings suggest that specific genes may influence cell death, brain development, and memory performance.
Researchers have identified 32 previously unidentified genetic regions associated with osteoporosis and fracture, suggesting the combined contributions of dozens of genes. The study also highlights the complexity of the genetic architecture of disease and the need for larger studies to identify genes important in disease.
Researchers analyzed four studies and found that regular follow-up reduces crisis-driven health episodes. While no preferred method was determined, the authors recommend guidelines for initial specialist appointments and protocol-driven follow-up led by a lung cancer clinical nurse specialist.
A web-based intervention tool called Guide to Decide helped post-menopausal women understand their breast cancer options and feel comfortable with their choice, leading to less uncertainty and increased decision-making. The study found that tailored information reduced anxiety and improved decision outcomes for high-risk women.
Researchers found that chloroplast genes can be directly transferred to the cell nucleus without involving RNA, allowing for correct reading and functional proteins. The discovery resolves a long-standing evolutionary mystery and provides new insights into gene transfer mechanisms.
A study by Michigan State University found that charter schools spend nearly $800 more per pupil on administration and $1,100 less on instruction than traditional public schools. Charter schools devote only 47.4% of total expenditures to instruction, while traditional public school districts allocate 60.5%.
Richard Hogg, a renowned expert in particle technology, has been elected to the National Academy of Engineering for his groundbreaking work on coagulation and flocculation. His research interests span multiple areas of particle technology, including characterization, mixing, and agglomeration processes.
A DNA repair pathway-focused score has been developed to predict chemotherapy response in ovarian cancer patients. The score is positively correlated with complete response rate, recurrence-free survival, and progression-free survival, and outperforms other clinical factors in predicting overall survival.
Researchers found carotid endarterectomy to be a safe, less expensive treatment option for certain patients at risk for stroke. Mayo Clinic neurosurgeons also present findings on intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas and giant aneurysms using flow diversion.
A new study reveals a large number of emperor penguins in Antarctica, with 595,000 birds estimated, providing an important benchmark for monitoring environmental change. The research uses high-resolution satellite images to differentiate between birds and ice, allowing for accurate estimates.
Researchers detect faint, short-lived glowing dots on Uranus' dayside using Hubble Space Telescope. The unusual appearance of the auroras is attributed to Uranus' rotational weirdness and magnetic field's peculiar traits.
Scientists at the University of Florida's Center for NeuroGenetics are studying a new idea that challenges traditional views on how proteins are made in cells and their impact on genetic diseases. The team aims to understand how repetitive DNA sequences can lead to disease-causing mutations without the usual protein expression signals.
The UCSF project provides a large publicly available resource to help researchers determine the importance of genes in mice. The resource includes 162 gene-disrupting vectors, 64 new stem cell lines, and 46 new strains of mice with missing microRNAs.
Metamaterials can control light by imprinting properties on photons, paving the way for commercial applications in 5-10 years. This breakthrough also enhances microscopic capabilities to reveal nanofeatures to the human eye.
A UBC study finds that children are sharing their knowledge of Aboriginal culture and language with their parents, reversing traditional roles. This reversal is significant as many Aboriginal parents have lost this knowledge due to Canada's residential school system.
Loyola researchers found a molecule called transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) that can amplify the immune response in some cases and suppress it in others. This discovery could lead to the development of new drugs to regulate the immune system, such as activating it to attack tumor cells or suppressing it to prevent organ rejection.
Researchers at the University of Bristol have discovered that a protein can refold its structure in an environment devoid of water molecules. This finding has significant implications for the development of new industrial enzymes with hyper-thermal resistance.
A new study using satellite mapping technology reveals there are twice as many emperor penguins in Antarctica than was previously thought. The research provides an important benchmark for monitoring the impact of environmental change on the population of this iconic bird.
A study by Indiana University found that racial disparities in school discipline are primarily due to school characteristics, not student behavior. Schools with higher proportions of black students are more likely to use exclusionary forms of discipline.
Marine researchers have linked ocean acidification to the collapse of oyster seed production at an Oregon hatchery, where larval growth declined due to corrosive water conditions. The study's findings suggest that increased CO2 levels may push oyster larval growth past the break-even point in terms of production.
Researchers at UBC developed a tool to aid teachers in creating effective clicker questions, increasing student academic achievement in science and mathematics. The Elementary Science Questions Evaluation Rubric helps teachers develop and evaluate multiple-choice questions for clickers.
A UBC study involving 17,000 Vancouver students found that 25-30% experience or participate in cyberbullying, compared to 12% for schoolyard bullying. Online behavior is often underestimated, with youth downplaying harm and failing to recognize its consequences.
A new study using high-resolution satellite mapping technology has counted over 595,000 emperor penguins in Antarctica, nearly double the previous estimate of 270,000 to 350,000 birds. The research provides an important benchmark for monitoring the impact of environmental change on these iconic birds.
In European dung flies, larger males are preferred by females for mating, leading to increased copulation frequency and potentially larger testes. This difference in mating behavior is attributed to female preference, but the underlying evolutionary cause remains unclear.
A new study using surname data reveals China's population structure has been shaped by both genetic drift and large-scale migration. The research found the highest levels of surname diversity at the Yangtze River basin, which is believed to be due to multiple historical migrations.
A University of Miami study shows that physically active women with non-metastatic breast cancer experience reduced depression and fatigue, as well as improved quality of life. Women who engaged in regular physical activity reported less debilitating fatigue and an enhanced ability to perform daily activities.
Researchers use NASA's Swift satellite to study Comet Garradd as it moves beyond the solar system's snow line. The comet sheds water and dust at an unprecedented rate, offering clues about its composition and behavior.
Researchers at ORNL have discovered a new theory explaining unusual properties in bismuth samarium ferrite, a lead-free material for sensors and ultrasound machines. The team used electron microscopy to map atomic structure and found flexoelectricity behind the observed behavior.
Researchers found that epigenetic mechanisms, such as reduced DNA methylation, contribute to high blood pressure and increased susceptibility to forming blood clots in pregnant women with preeclampsia. Inhibition of thromboxane synthase or dietary supplementation with folate may provide potential treatments for this condition.
The Allen Telescope Array will continue searching for intelligent life in space and monitoring space debris under new management by SRI International. The facility will also support the SETI Institute's efforts to detect signals from newly discovered exoplanets.
A new study suggests that powerful individuals are not immune to environmental influences, which can trigger counter-dispositional behavior. Research found that power-holders' habitual natures can be superseded by other responses, including those they rarely consider.
Researchers from the University of Hull have identified a family of proteins associated with chemotherapy resistance in breast cancer patients. The 14-3-3 protein family was found to be twice as prevalent in resistant patients, suggesting its potential use as a predictive test for clinical decision-making.
The IBEX and TWINS missions observed a solar storm on April 5, 2010, revealing the impact on Earth's magnetosphere. The data provides insights into how solar energy affects the magnetosphere, enabling better protection for satellites against space weather hazards.
Researchers found that manatees can hear within the frequency range where boats operate, with good hearing between 8-32kHz and even ultrasonic frequencies. However, their ability to focus on these sounds in nature is uncertain due to environmental factors.
The American Academy of Political and Social Science recognized Paul Volcker's career for its use of social research in shaping public policy. Volcker, a former Chairman of the Federal Reserve, advocated for increased banking regulation, leading to the inclusion of the Volcker Rule in Dodd-Frank legislation.
The Musket Ball Cluster is a newly discovered galaxy cluster where so-called normal matter has been wrenched apart from dark matter through a violent collision. The system, observed 700 million years after the collision, provides valuable insight into the evolution of galaxy clusters and their member galaxies.
Research found that strip-till farming produces higher yields than no-till systems due to more efficient phosphorus and potassium use. The study also revealed that strip-till helps retain soil water, leading to better plant growth conditions.
The study used DNA sequencing to analyze 15 samples of traditional Chinese medicines, revealing potentially toxic plant ingredients, allergens, and endangered animals. The results highlight the need for regulation and enforcement in the industry.
Astronomers at the University of Florida have discovered two low-mass planets orbiting the nearby star Fomalhaut. Using ALMA's superior resolution and sensitivity, they found that the ring of dust surrounding the star is shaped by two planets working together to maintain its narrow width.
Researchers have identified a previously unknown cellular system that triggers immune and detoxification responses in animals when exposed to toxins or pathogens. This discovery could lead to the development of new treatments for diseases such as sepsis and toxic shock.
Researchers found that one fall requiring emergency response occurs every 56 hours at Boston Logan International Airport, with 37% involving hospital transport. Diverting at-risk passengers to elevators could significantly reduce the number of falls.
Scientists have developed new techniques to contain hydrogen at pressures above 3 million times normal atmospheric pressure, exploring its behavior under extreme conditions. The study confirms the stability of the chemical bond between atoms, disproving previous interpretations of a metallic state.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University identified a set of master switches, called Variant Enhancer Loci (VELs), that regulate key genes in colon cancer. VELs are epigenetic changes that can potentially be reversed and may play a role in determining individual susceptibility to colon cancer.
Biologists at Ruhr-University Bochum discovered novel functions of the metal-binding molecule nicotianamine, which regulates iron and zinc transport in plants. The research provides important clues for breeding crops with increased zinc content to prevent health problems caused by deficiencies.
A recent discovery by UCSB researchers has identified 'hypervirulent' Salmonella bacteria, which pose a significant risk to human and animal health. The strains were found in livestock isolates and render current vaccines obsolete due to their ability to switch between virulence levels during infection.
Researchers at UC Davis have discovered a crucial enzyme system that regulates chromosome pairing during meiosis, ensuring precise genome sorting and development of healthy sperm and eggs. The discovery could lead to insights into fertility, miscarriages, cancer, and developmental disorders.
Climate change is expected to reduce agriculture productivity by up to 50% in Southeast Asia, posing a significant threat to food security. Climate-smart agriculture has become crucial for the region's adaptation strategy, focusing on innovations to adapt agriculture to wild swings in climate extremes.
Researchers analyzed 1,000 genes in human and mouse brains, finding high similarity and only 5% difference among humans. The dataset offers insights into neural evolution, cell-to-cell communication, and species-specific functions.
Researchers call for a new approach to studying deepwater oil spills, emphasizing the need for understanding oil movement at depth, microbial action, and deep sea ecology. This new direction is crucial for responding to future spills and restoring damaged ecosystems.
Fertilizer placement in strip-tilled fields causes non-uniform distribution of potassium and phosphorus, affecting whole-field fertility. To address this issue, researchers recommend taking multiple samples outside the fertilizer band for more accurate assessments.
In a recent study, migrant women in Central Illinois were found to be more resilient in controlling their environment through work and self-employment. They took on jobs such as childcare, cleaning, and cooking, which allowed them to adapt to economic crises.
A study published in Current Biology found that 2-year-olds and chimpanzees tend to copy actions when repeated by three peers, not just one, suggesting a shared strategy for social learning. This phenomenon also applies to orangutans, but to a lesser extent.
Researchers found that drug use and sex with multiple partners were common behaviors among men who had been reincarcerated due to parole violations. The study highlights the need for prevention programs targeting substance abuse and sexual risk behavior among parolees.
Researchers at the UPNA-Public University of Navarre are developing a radar system to protect pedestrians from frontal impact. The system will use heat detection and radar technology to warn drivers of potential collisions and alert them to the presence of pedestrians in their path.