New monoclonal antibody drugs are being tested in most tumor types, allowing them to bind to multiple targets and stimulate the immune response. Researchers have developed advanced antibody engineering techniques to create more effective treatments, including bispecific antibodies and conjugates with toxic payloads.
Researchers at the University of Rochester Medical Center have developed a compound that targets RAGE, a molecular actor involved in Alzheimer's disease. The compound, FPS-ZM1, reverses amyloid deposits, restores brain blood flow, and improves learning capabilities in mice.
A research team from UCF created a new structure that layers cheaper elements with gold and palladium to enhance energy conversion rates in hydrogen fuel cells. This approach could make the technology more cost-effective and practical for large-scale use.
Recent advances in biomarker discovery highlight the potential for personalized medicine, but also pose significant challenges. Biomarkers have been identified for various diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
A team of ecologists found that Central European meadows and long-grazed grasslands are the most species-rich areas on Earth, with some regions boasting over 942 plant species per hectare. The study's findings predict a total of 219,204 species globally, remarkably close to current estimates of 275,000 species.
Research reveals significant rates of childhood trauma experience among alcohol-dependent individuals undergoing inpatient treatment. The study found that childhood trauma increases the likelihood of developing anxiety disorders, depression, and psychiatric disorders, as well as suicide attempts.
A recent study published in the Journal of Thoracic Oncology suggests that pleurectomy/decortication (P/D) is a superior approach to extrapleural pnemonectomy (EPP) for patients with early-stage malignant pleural mesothelioma. P/D resulted in significantly better survival rates and lower mortality and morbidity compared to EPP.
Researchers found that 38% of kissing bugs in Arizona and California contained human blood, carrying the parasite that causes Chagas disease. The study raises awareness about the potential for transmission in the US, where the disease is currently rare.
A new study found that consumers' search for individual products is influenced by the order of choices, with larger choice sets being more daunting when presented first. By presenting smaller choice sets before larger ones, retailers may make large selections less intimidating.
A new study found that consumers who lie during a service encounter are more satisfied when they get what they want. Lying is perceived as hard work, resulting in fewer mental resources for other tasks, including updating expectations about the conversation's progress. This leads to stronger reactions to outcomes.
A recent review of large prospective cohort studies and WHI trials found that estrogen plus progestin increases breast cancer risk, while estrogen alone decreases risk in women with a previous hysterectomy. The study proposes that mammography screening differences may explain the observed effects.
A study led by UCSF researchers found that women with mild retinopathy are more likely to experience cognitive decline and related brain changes. The findings suggest retinopathy could serve as a simple eye screening tool for detecting early stages of vascular disease.
The new sensor uses nanometer-scale pores to selectively screen single molecules passing through a semiconductor membrane. The technology has the potential to detect and identify specific proteins in a single cell, with applications in medical research, pharmaceuticals, and fundamental biological studies.
Cyclone Lua is consolidating and has tightly-curved bands of thunderstorms wrapping into its center. The storm is expected to continue strengthening to as much as 95 knots (109 mph/ 176 kph) before making landfall in the vicinity of Port Hedland on March 17 around mid-day local time.
A new study by Margaret Taylor of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory finds that successful cap and trade programs often reduce incentives for innovation, as low-cost emissions reductions lead to lower allowance prices. This has significant implications for developing more effective pollution control targets.
A recent study published in Psychological Science found that suppressing compassionate feelings can lead to a decrease in morality. When participants were instructed not to feel sympathy or distress, they reported feeling less committed to following moral rules and being more flexible about morality.
Brain-tumor cells infected with a cancer-killing virus release CCN1, which initiates an antiviral response that reduces viral replication and limits its cytolytic efficacy. This mechanism may help control viral infections and improve oncolytic viral therapy for glioblastoma.
A new study by Jason Q. Purnell found that individuals who perceive discrimination are more likely to smoke, with workplace discrimination being a significant factor. The research highlights the importance of addressing discrimination in health care settings and workplaces to improve smoking cessation rates.
A group of environmental scholars recommends transforming national and international institutions into a more coherent planetary stewardship model. The proposal includes reforms to the UN system, integrating social and economic pillars of sustainable development, and closing regulatory gaps on emerging technologies.
Researchers found that male fruit flies drink more alcohol after being rejected by females due to a molecular trigger called neuropeptide F. This discovery may help shed light on the brain mechanisms underlying social interaction and addiction in humans.
Leading infectious diseases experts call for enhanced antimicrobial stewardship initiatives to preserve antibiotic effectiveness and combat emerging infections. The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, IDSA, and PIDS position paper outlines measures to improve antibiotic use and monitor resistance.
Researchers fabricated optically active, three-dimensional structures using DNA origami to tailor visible light properties. The study enables the preparation of self-assembling metamaterials and novel optical lens systems.
Researchers found that overweight and obese adults who used electronic devices with daily feedback messages on diet and exercise had better treatment adherence. After six months, the group with daily feedback messages lost over a 5% more weight compared to those using a paper diary.
A panel of 10 serum protein biomarkers shows promise in predicting lung cancer risk and aiding early detection. Research suggests that these biomarkers could reduce the number of unnecessary lung biopsies needed, offering a more targeted approach to diagnosis.
A recent NIH brain imaging study found that viewing images of infant faces activates specific brain circuits associated with care giving behavior. These findings suggest a biological impulse governing adults' interactions with small children, which may have implications for preventing child neglect and abuse.
A study by Yale School of Medicine researchers found that exposure to cell phone radiation during pregnancy can cause hyperactivity and reduced memory capacity in adult mice. The findings suggest a potential link between fetal cellular telephone irradiation exposure and behavioral disorders in human children, such as ADHD.
A new study reveals that children exposed to passive smoke have a nearly double risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adulthood compared to non-exposed children. Childhood exposure was found to be a stronger risk factor for COPD and related symptoms than adult exposure.
A recent study found that less than 2% of low-income mothers met breastfeeding recommendations, highlighting the need for increased support and resources. The research suggests that physicians can play a crucial role in removing barriers to breastfeeding by providing accessible information and assistance.
A genetic marker has been discovered that identifies pigs with reduced susceptibility to PRRS, a virus costing the US pork industry $600 million annually. The discovery is a breakthrough in controlling and eliminating the virus, and has implications for animal health and human medicine.
A new position paper from the American Thoracic Society predicts increased asthma, allergies, and infectious diseases worldwide as climate change worsens air quality and heat stress. Vulnerable populations like infants, children, and the elderly will be disproportionately affected.
The USPSTF recommends a three-year Pap smear schedule for women aged 21-65, allowing those over 30 to go five years between tests if they undergo HPV screening. Women under 21 and older than 65 are not recommended for routine screening.
A study led by Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center found that US tobacco-control efforts significantly reduced lung cancer deaths between 1975 and 2000. The researchers estimated that if all smokers had quit after the 1964 Surgeon General's report, an additional 2.5 million people would not have died from lung cancer.
New research identifies the 'dilemma zone' before a stoplight intersection where drivers are unsure whether to stop or go ahead. The study proposes using advanced technology and fuzzy logic to improve yellow-light timing and reduce driver confusion.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health found that female sex workers are nearly 14 times more likely to be infected with HIV compared to the general population. The analysis of 102 previous studies representing almost 100,000 female sex workers in 50 countries revealed a significant disparity in HIV prevalence a...
A genome-wide study identified 190 genes critical for the function of TLR7 and TLR9, cellular sensors that recognize pathogens and trigger immune responses. The findings provide insights into the complex network regulating immune responses to microbial infections.
Researchers found a new potential target, alpha3beta4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, which plays a role in addictive properties of cocaine, morphine, and nicotine. AT-1001, a highly selective compound, disrupts addiction processes and reduces nicotine withdrawal symptoms.
A new international multi-site randomized study found that a catheter procedure to close a hole in patients' hearts was not more effective than medical therapy in preventing recurrent strokes. The study, led by Anthony Furlan, M.D., of University Hospitals Case Medical Center, enrolled 909 patients and showed no statistically significa...
Research published in BMJ Quality & Safety found that some NHS trusts deliver a consistently better experience for patients, with a strong association between Foundation Trust status and improved performance. The study identified system-wide successes and failures, highlighting areas for improvement across the healthcare system.
A study published in PLOS One found that delivering a small full-term infant increases the mother's risk of ischemic heart disease by almost two-fold. The researchers suggest that this may be due to long-term cardiovascular changes triggered during pregnancy, which can lead to increased maternal risk for heart disease.
The Nationwide Children's Hospital will use the $35,000 grant to increase health education and information available to pregnant women on methadone treatment. The project aims to improve maternal and infant outcomes by strengthening relationships between healthcare providers and at-risk women.
Researchers discovered a brain circuit that mediates loss of appetite in mice, revealing potential therapeutic targets for eating disorders. The study identified interventions that can restore normal appetite and prevent starvation by modulating signals from specific nerve cells.
Researchers at Linköping University identified seven key transcription factors that specify the creation of 34 neuron groups in a fruit fly's antenna. This discovery sheds light on the mechanisms that diversify neurons and keep them diverse, crucial for future nerve cell cultivation and replacement.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that the stomachs of wild honey bees contain a diverse range of healthy lactic acid bacteria that can combat bacterial infections and diseases in both bees and humans. The researchers also discovered that these beneficial bacteria are lost when commercially farmed bees are treated with antibiotics.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute found a previously unknown link between breast cancer cells and the stroma. Cadherin-23, a new molecule, helps connect cancerous tumor cells to healthy tissue, facilitating invasive growth.
A study published in Environmental Science & Technology reveals that seeds coated with neonicotinoid insecticides cause widespread deaths of honeybees. The researchers found that even modified machines designed to reduce seed fragmentation still led to bee fatalities, highlighting the need for innovative solutions.
A study at Tufts University has identified specific epigenetic signatures that can predict the expression of a wound-healing protein in reprogrammed skin cells. This breakthrough brings researchers closer to developing personalized tissue regeneration strategies using stem cells from patients, eliminating the need for human embryonic s...
Researchers have identified a critical link in the signaling pathway that enables cancer cells to establish tumors in distant parts of the body. A new drug targeting this molecule may help prevent cancer from spreading, offering hope for improved treatment options.
A new study suggests that broader screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) would be cost effective in reducing related mortality and morbidity. The report emphasizes the importance of linking those infected with the treatment they need to prevent further complications.
Scientists at A*STAR's Singapore Immunology Network have made significant strides in understanding Chikungunya fever, a mosquito-borne disease that can cause severe joint pains. Researchers discovered a direct biomarker, IgG3 antibodies, to identify patients at risk of the more severe form of the disease.
A new cross-cultural study shows that tonal trends used to express feelings in music are consistent across cultures and parallel those used in speech expressing similar emotions. The authors conclude that music's emotional expression is due to its imitation of vocal characteristics.
Long-term meditators have larger amounts of cortical gyrification, indicating improved neural processing and information processing. The study also found a positive correlation between meditation years and insular gyrification, supporting the idea that meditation enhances regional brain structure.
A recent study published in The Journal of Infectious Diseases found a significant association between H. pylori bacteria and elevated glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in adults, particularly those with obesity. This link suggests that the bacteria may play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes.
A new study by the Economic & Social Research Council found that the UN's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is skewed towards polluting corporations and people who earn a living from the market. The CDM is meant to finance investment projects that reduce emissions and bring development benefits to poorer countries.
Between 1975-2000, US lung cancer mortality declined significantly due to reduced smoking rates. Tobacco control measures such as increased taxes and smoke-free laws contributed to this decrease.
In Colombia, an integrated pest management (IPM) program for coffee berry borer successfully reduced insect damage and improved quality. The program involved harvesting fewer berries per tree, increasing parchment coffee bean quality, and increasing the proportion of high-quality specialty coffee sold.
Research at the American Heart Association's 2012 Scientific Sessions found that living in neighborhoods with favorable features, such as parks and healthy food options, is associated with better cardiovascular health. Participants with ideal health were more likely to be under age 55, male, and highly educated.
A survey of 1,000 physicians found that those who exercised regularly or didn't smoke were twice as likely to make five lifestyle recommendations to patients. The study also showed that most doctors (66%) made these recommendations, despite having unhealthy habits themselves.
A CDC study reveals a significant increase in foodborne disease outbreaks linked to imported foods between 2009 and 2010. Fish and spices were the most common sources of these outbreaks, with nearly half coming from Asia. The study highlights the growing global nature of the US food supply, exposing consumers to new pathogens.
Researchers have successfully built nano spiral staircases with tailored optical material from DNA, modifying light in specific ways. The findings confirm predictions and show promise for developing novel optical lens systems with negative refractive index.
A new study suggests that the seas rose 20 to 43 feet higher than today during an extremely warm period 400,000 years ago, contradicting previous estimates. The research provides a simple explanation for high beach deposits and infers that Greenland and West Antarctica ice sheets collapsed at that time.