Researchers at UCLA have developed a new method for directly measuring the atomic structure of nanomaterials, enabling 3D imaging of individual atoms. The technique, known as electron tomography, allows scientists to visualize the interior structure of nanoparticles in unprecedented detail.
Physicists at the National University of Singapore have developed a scheme to simulate neutrino oscillations using three charged ions. This quantum simulation could aid in understanding more complex models of neutrino behavior and potentially inspire simulations of other particles with similar properties.
Scientists at NIST and NIH discovered that inhaled anesthetics may alter the organization of fat molecules in a cell's outer membrane, affecting nerve cell signaling. This finding opens up a new line of inquiry into the long-standing question of how anesthesia works.
A University of Illinois study found that swine producers can safely feed distiller's dried grain with solubles (DDGS) to their pigs despite high sulfur content. The research showed no difference in palatability or growth performance between low-sulfur and high-sulfur DDGS diets.
Researchers at Cleveland Clinic discovered that corin enzyme deficiency in the uterus may be an underlying cause of pre-eclampsia. The study found that many patients with pre-eclampsia had low levels of corin and identified corin gene mutations.
Researchers found structural differences in brains of healthy carriers of the CNTNAP2 gene variant, which may contribute to increased vulnerability for autism. The study suggests that genetic variations can affect brain connectivity and signaling, leading to functional abnormalities characteristic of neuropsychological disorders.
Researchers from BUSM and BUSPH have developed a modified version of the Short Inventory of Problems (SIP) to help identify patients with drug use consequences. The new tool, SIP-Drug Use, is valid and brief, making it suitable for primary care physicians.
Researchers found that frequent ballet and Indian dance spectators exhibited enhanced neural motor responses when watching their respective styles. This suggests that spectators can simulate dance movements without requiring prior motor expertise, highlighting the brain's ability to mirror actions.
Detecting circulating tumour cells in blood can provide information about breast cancer survival and help target treatment. Patients with high CTC counts have a higher risk of recurrence and death, while CTC detection may also become a target for future therapy.
Researchers at the University of Florida are investigating toxicity associated with aqueous solutions of carbon nanotubes used in manufacturing processes. By controlling the ratio of liquid to particulate, they found that toxicity can be reduced, paving the way for sustainable nano-tech products.
Researchers found that removing specific molecules can improve recovery from induced strokes in mice, even days after the event. The treatment may work as a long-term solution for patients who cannot receive current stroke treatment tPA.
Biobank researchers emphasize the need for defined systems to handle incidental findings and individual research results, aiming to ensure patient safety with genomic technologies
Researchers have identified obscurins as tumor suppressor genes in the breast, which are lost or mutated when cancer develops. This discovery holds promise for developing new tools to assess breast cancer risk and diagnose it at an early stage.
Researchers say forcing dying cancer cells to trigger an immune response could prevent cancer relapses and improve treatment benefits. The new strategy focuses on autophagy, a process that alerts the immune system to foreign invaders.
Scientists have developed a new method for studying selenium metabolism in living organisms, which could help clarify the element's potential anti-tumor properties. The technique uses enriched stable isotopes to track selenium concentrations in biological tissues and fluids, revealing its presence and behavior in the body.
Isabel Garcia, NIDCR deputy director, receives the 2012 AADR Jack Hein Public Service Award for promoting oral health research interests. Dr. Garcia's work benefits both dental and craniofacial researchers and the general public.
A study found that many women diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) felt confused and conflicted about their diagnosis, receiving conflicting messages from medical staff. The research highlights the need for clear communication and tailored support to help women understand this complex breast condition.
A new genotype of the Bordetella pertussis bacterium has been identified as responsible for a sharp rise in whooping cough cases in Australia. The strain is believed to be evading the current acellular vaccine's protective effects, leading to an increase in life-threatening respiratory illness.
Research presented at the European Breast Cancer Conference found that women with denser breasts have a nearly double risk of local recurrence. The study, which involved 1,774 post-menopausal women, highlights the importance of considering breast density in treatment decisions and follow-up routines.
Scientists have found that Mercury's core is larger than anticipated, occupying 85% of the planet's radius. The planet's topography shows smaller elevation ranges compared to Mars or the Moon, with evidence of large-scale changes since its geological history.
Scientists discovered that a prostaglandin called PGD2 and its derivative inhibit hair growth, targeting GPR44 as a promising therapeutic target for androgenetic alopecia. Elevated PGD2 levels were found in the bald scalp tissue of men with male pattern baldness.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that individuals without a sense of smell have increased social insecurity and risk for depression. They also experienced increased risk for household accidents despite not having significant deviations from daily functions like food preferences.
Dr. Ronald Dubner, a professor at University of Maryland, Baltimore, received the 2012 AADR Distinguished Scientist Award for his groundbreaking work on neurobiological mechanisms of orofacial acute and chronic pain. His research has been recognized for translating findings to improve healthcare.
Scientists have discovered that immune cells circulating in the blood enter the lungs' large airways, triggering inflammation and oxidative stress. This breakthrough helps clarify how smoking causes severe respiratory damage and may lead to new treatments.
A structured exercise regimen reduced physical therapy visits by 40% in workers' compensation patients after arthroscopic meniscectomy. The study supports the implementation of independent exercise protocols to reduce therapy costs without compromising patient outcomes.
The SpikerBox is a low-cost, open-source bioamplifier that allows users to amplify and listen to neurons' electrical activity. This tool has been developed by Backyard Brains to make neuroscience education more accessible.
A new study has found a significant variation in hip fracture risk across the globe, with countries experiencing a 10-fold difference in incidence rates. The study's findings indicate that higher risk countries for both men and women are located in North Western and Central Europe.
A recent study suggests that MRI screening could be a cost-effective option for women with a familial risk of breast cancer, despite being expensive. The research found that adding MRI to standard mammography screening reduces deaths by 24% at a lower cost per year of life gained.
Paramedics can reduce medical contact to balloon time by calling ahead to activate helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS), speeding up patient care. This study found that HEMS activation in the field or at a smaller hospital can save up to 48 minutes of treatment time
The USDA Forest Service's Eastern Forest and Western Wildland Environmental Threat Assessment Centers have unveiled a new satellite-based monitoring and assessment tool called ForWarn. This web-based tool recognizes and tracks potential forest disturbances caused by various natural or human-caused events, providing near-real-time views...
Researchers found that thromboembolic events following ankle fracture surgery are uncommon, with most patients experiencing no complications. The study suggests that surgical treatment for ankle fractures does not significantly increase the risk of blood clots or pulmonary embolism.
Researchers found that states with conjugal visitation had significantly fewer reported inmate-on-inmate sexual offenses. This suggests that sex gratification may be a primary motivation for rape and other forms of sexual violence in prisons.
Scientists at Salk Institute create worm model that relies on alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway to maintain telomeres, a key strategy used by cancer cells. The study provides valuable tool to block ALT and induce senescence in tumor cells, with potential for developing new anti-cancer drugs.
A new Marine Board-ESF position paper highlights gaps in monitoring and regulating chemical pollution in Europe's seas. It calls for better coordination, cooperation, and harmonization among existing monitoring efforts to address the impact of human activities on marine ecosystems.
A new study suggests that climate change could impact Antarctic fur seals in their first few months of life by altering energy budgets. The research found that as pups get older, less energy is available for growth and development.
Researchers developed a computer program to track dementia spread in the human brain, predicting future cognitive declines. The model identifies neural sub-networks where misfolded proteins collect, altering normal brain function across affected areas.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that Toxoplasma gondii infection suppressed the immune system, leading to a significant decrease in b-amyloid plaque deposition and improved performance in behavior tests like the water maze. This suggests that the parasite may have favorable effects on Alzheimer's disease progression.
A decline in industry-sponsored funding of accredited continuing medical education (CME) is seen as an opportunity to make CME more relevant, cost-effective, and less biased. Interactive forms of medical education, such as online learning and practice improvement activities, are gaining traction.
A recent study led by a US scientist estimates that human impacts on the ocean could cost the global economy over $1 trillion per year by 2100. The research highlights the urgent need to reduce pollution, overfishing, and other threats to ocean health.
Middle school students with emotional support from teachers are less likely to initiate alcohol and illicit substance use. Youth experiencing separation anxiety from parents also show a decreased risk of early alcohol use, according to the study.
Researchers from Tuebingen identified two brain areas, V3A and V6, that compare eye movements with visual signals on the retina to correctly perceive objects in motion. These areas enable us to distinguish between self-induced and external movements, allowing us to navigate our environment effectively.
Researchers discovered the genetic basis of biological rhythms controlling sleep, wakefulness and hormone levels. Their work has potential to improve treatments for diseases controlled by circadian cycles.
A recent study reveals wide variance in results from the Thai Million Baht Village Fund, a large-scale microfinance program. Households' responses to increased credit vary greatly, with some reducing consumption and saving for larger investments.
A symposium on TMJ stem cell biology and engineering presents novel clinical therapy approaches for TMJ disorders. Researchers discuss the origin, homeostasis, differentiation, hormonal regulation, and bioengineering of temporomandibular joint tissues.
Scientists used ikaite, a rare mineral formed in cold waters, to correlate past climate events between Europe and Antarctica. The study found direct correlations between oxygen isotope ratios in the mineral and documented warming and cooling periods in Northern Europe.
A study led by neuroscientists at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine found that activation of GABA neurons in a specific area of the midbrain inhibits dopamine neuron function, leading to a disruption in reward consumption. This discovery could lead to new mental health therapies.
Researchers found that Alzheimer's disease and other dementias spread within nerve networks by moving directly between connected neurons. The study used magnetic resonance imaging research to predict the course of dementias based on a nerve region's connectivity to a disease hot spot.
A recent study published in Radiology shows that tomosynthesis is more beneficial in diagnosing knee osteoarthritis than conventional X-ray imaging. The study detected more osteophytes and subchondral cysts in the knee joint, improving sensitivity by up to 29% and 50% respectively.
Dr. Claus Christiansen received the ESCEO-IOF Medal for his groundbreaking work on calcium metabolism in postmenopausal women. He has published extensively over 900 articles and book chapters, and has been a leading figure in osteoporosis research for over three decades.
Researchers have discovered a genetic mutation that causes familial chronic diarrhea syndrome, which could lead to new treatments for similar conditions. The mutation affects the GUCY2C gene, leading to constant signaling in the intestines and potentially causing inflammation and diarrhea.
A recent study conducted at Marshall University investigated the effects of cadmium on the prostate, revealing molecular mechanisms that induce carcinogenesis. The research, published in PLOS ONE, may lead to new therapies for prostate cancer.
Researchers have made a breakthrough in understanding how to treat the lethal norovirus, which causes severe gastroenteritis. The study reveals that antibodies can bind to the virus's unique structure, potentially leading to the development of more effective vaccines and treatments.
Researchers at NIST and partners have demonstrated that the thickness of the electrolyte layer is crucial in determining the performance of nanoscale lithium batteries. The team found that below a threshold of 200 nanometers, electrons can cause a short circuit, leading to rapid discharge and breakdown of the electrolyte.
A study published in Advances in Neuroimmune Biology explores how maternal immunological tolerance of the fetus affects pregnancy outcomes. Researchers have discovered that cytokine expression at the fetal-maternal interface plays a significant role in determining oocyte competence and implantation rates.
The American Association for Dental Research (AADR) has renamed its award to honor Dr. Irwin D. Mandel's contributions to dental research and mentorship. The newly named Irwin D. Mandel Distinguished Mentoring Award recognizes outstanding efforts to foster and promote research training and career development.
Researchers at Cardiff University discovered a new group of cells with strong immunosuppressive properties derived from cheek tissue. These cells can completely inhibit lymphocyte action with small doses, offering promise for combating diseases like diabetes and organ rejection.
A new study published in Neurology suggests that hospitalization in older adults is associated with a faster rate of cognitive decline. The study, which analyzed data from 1,870 participants over 12 years, found that overall cognitive function declined more than twice as fast after a first hospital stay.
A new study published in Science Translational Medicine shows a promising blood test that can predict who is at risk for an imminent heart attack, potentially saving thousands of lives. The test uses circulating endothelial cells, which are abnormally large and misshapen in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
A 20-year breast cancer screening program in the Netherlands showed a significant drop in deaths from the disease, with a 31% reduction in deaths among women aged 55-79. The program also found limited harm from false positives and over-diagnosis, with only 2.8% of all breast cancers diagnosed being over-diagnosed.
The AADR William B. Clark Fellowship will support Dr. Palomo's research on bisphosphonates and their effect on the periodontium in postmenopausal women. The award aims to advance knowledge for the improvement of oral health through clinical research.
A study published in PLOS ONE reveals that both human infants and baboons prefer using their right hand for gestural communication, supporting the idea of a common gestural system. This suggests that language development may be based on this shared communication system, which is localized in the left hemisphere of the brain.
The American Association for Dental Research awarded Page Linae Collymore a $4,000 student fellowship to encourage research on Sjögren's Syndrome. She is a student at Southern Illinois University and will be recognized at the AADR's 41st Annual Meeting in March 2012.
A new study optimizes fluid mixing in bioreactors by controlling undercurrents to improve cell exposure. Researchers found that rotating inner cylinders and adjusting fluid velocities can create homogeneous feeding of cells from a liquid nutrient supply.
Researchers at Stanford University have directly observed plasmon resonances in individual metal particles measuring down to one nanometer in diameter. This discovery could lead to advancements in catalytic processes, cancer research and treatment, and quantum computing.
Research found that selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor antidepressants may increase the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension by 60%, with one SSRI associated with an 81% increase. Women should consult their doctor if concerned, as discontinuation can lead to depressive relapses and post-partum depression.
A stress management program for breast cancer patients can alter tumor-promoting processes at the molecular level, facilitating better recovery during treatment. The study found that women who participated in the program had improved psychological adaptation and physiological changes indicating better recovery.
A $640,000 grant will fund research collaborations between ASU and Columbia University to expand knowledge about sensory feedback and motor actions involved in hand control. The study aims to understand how the brain stores memory representations of past actions and plans future actions.
Children growing up in poverty are more likely to develop chronic diseases due to stress. However, research suggests that positive role models and teaching children stress-coping strategies like 'shift-and-persist' may improve their health outcomes.
The Allen Institute for Brain Science will double its staff to launch three new initiatives tackling fundamental brain questions: information encoding, cellular building blocks, and circuit development. New funding enables expansion and acceleration of global neuroscience research.
Two studies published in Neuron have developed groundbreaking models that predict the landscape of degeneration in various forms of dementia. The models, which focus on structural and functional connectivity networks, suggest that dementias target specific networks of neurons linked by connectivity rather than spatial proximity.
The Genetics Society of America announced nine award recipients for their poster presentations at the 53rd Annual Drosophila Research Conference. The winners include undergraduate, graduate, and postdoctoral researchers who showcased their research in the field of genetics.
A systematic review of monkey studies found limited evidence for an association between social status and coronary artery disease. The study concludes that generalizing findings from monkeys to human societies is not warranted due to methodological limitations.
Researchers at NIST create a nanoscale fluidic channel, dubbed the 'nanoslinky,' to control DNA molecule movement and measure its size. The system uses entropophoresis, a phenomenon resembling a Slinky's motion, allowing for separation, concentration, and organization of mixtures.
The US physician workforce has a significant international training component, with 128,729 physicians (15%) trained in lower-income countries. This highlights a potential problem for global healthcare, as these countries lose their investment in medical education.
Researchers at the Public University of Navarre have designed and manufactured composite PVC materials with enhanced thermal stability based on nanofillings. These materials can improve photostability, thermal resistance, and gas permeation properties.
Dr. Richard H. Carmona receives AADR's Honorary Membership for his dedication to promoting oral health as U.S. Surgeon General and beyond. The American Association for Dental Research recognizes Dr. Carmona's significant contributions to dental research.
A University at Buffalo study found that parents of pediatric cancer patients distrust online sources of health information and fear what they might encounter. Despite the accessibility of online medical information, caregivers preferred to receive information from trusted healthcare providers rather than the internet.
A study by Universidad Carlos III de Madrid found that workplaces with a high percentage of women in management positions adopt more individualized employee feedback, democratic decisions, and establish more interpersonal channels of communication. This is attributed to the distinct behavior of men and women leaders in society.
A Stanford imaging study found that children with math anxiety show increased activity in fear centers and decreased activity in problem-solving regions of the brain. This suggests that math-specific fear interferes with the brain's information-processing capacity and ability to reason through math problems.
Research on dental therapy workforce development aims to improve oral health care delivery through non-traditional settings. The symposium presents findings on the role of dental therapists in community care, highlighting their potential impact on oral health outcomes.
A Dutch study reveals that breast cancer screening and improved treatments together save a significant number of lives. The study found that adjuvant therapy reduced deaths by 13.9%, while two-yearly screening added another 15.7%. Combining both approaches resulted in a total reduction of 31.1% in breast cancer mortality.
René Rizzoli receives the award for his major scientific contributions to osteoporosis research and advocacy. He is recognized for both his clinical achievements and long-term impact as an educator and advocate in the field.
Recent studies have increased interest in salivary biomarkers for diagnostics, but challenges persist in collection, storage, and quantitation of biomarkers. Researchers will discuss standardization procedures and address issues with proteomic methods.
Lorne Babiuk, a renowned vaccine researcher, has been awarded the prestigious Canada Gairdner Wightman Award for his outstanding leadership in vaccine development and research. He is recognized for his work on developing six world-first livestock vaccines and creating a vaccine against rotavirus in calves that led to a human vaccine.
A study by Columbia Business School researchers found that stress-induced cortisol increases facilitate accurate threat-related decision making in police officers, especially when dealing with armed black targets. The findings suggest that police departments may benefit from modulating stress levels during training to improve accuracy.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute have determined the three-dimensional atomic structure of a human opioid receptor, a molecule that binds to opioids and is involved in pain, pleasure, addiction, depression, and related conditions. The findings could lead to the development of better medicine for these conditions.
Researchers found protons can move efficiently in stacked systems of molecules, common in plant biomass, membranes, DNA, and elsewhere. This discovery could lead to better catalysts, fuels, and drugs.
Researchers at San Diego Zoo find phytoestrogens in rhino diet linked to reproductive failure. The study compares captive populations with varying diets, revealing a key difference between successful and struggling reproduction.
A new study by researchers at the University of Alberta found that the ranchland near Pincher Creek is a hot zone for grizzly bear encounters. Despite no human fatalities, the area's private land and cattle carcasses attract bears.
New research in Geosphere reveals ancient marine terraces using airborne LiDAR, assesses impact of program selection on 3D geologic models, and creates emergent models for Tonga Trench and Samoa Archipelago. These studies showcase the latest advancements in geoscience modeling, education, and research.
A research team has generated flying 'qubits' that can define more than two states, potentially increasing computational power. They used semiconductors to create quantum bits with clear states suitable for encoding information.
A former Army colonel argues that improving supply chain alignment can help the Defense Department reduce costs by tens of billions of dollars. The Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS) conference highlights the use of advanced analytics and operations research to address pressing military challenges.
Dr. Raul Rojas receives $10,000 grant to study bilingual language growth in structured English immersion and transitional bilingual programs for over 1,700 ELLs. The research aims to positively influence educational efforts targeting ELLs across ages and instructional contexts.
A new study found that older people's memory and thinking skills decline faster after a first hospital stay compared to before or after discharge. Hospital stays were linked to significant declines in memory scores on specific tests, lasting even after adjusting for severe illness and age.
The AADR has awarded the 2012 Neal W. Chilton Fellowship in Clinical Research to Bing-Yan Wang, an associate professor at the University of Texas Health Science Center. The fellowship will support Wang's clinical testing of a mouthwash effective against oral bacteria.
A new study found that the brain processes Arabic differently than Hebrew or English, with the right hemisphere relying on the left hemisphere for decoding. This makes learning Arabic more challenging, even for native speakers.
The symposium discusses best practices for using educational research in the promotion and tenure process, facilitated by AADR's Education Research Group and the American Dental Education Association. Key findings highlight the importance of recognizing and applying educational research to advance teaching practice.
Research by Norwich BioScience Institutes and John Innes Centre identifies PIF4 as a control gene that activates flowering pathway in response to temperature. This discovery sheds light on why plants are flowering earlier due to climate change, with potential implications for developing temperature-resilient crops.
The discovery of the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) structure could lead to the development of new medications targeting addiction, depression, anxiety, chronic pain, and other conditions. Salvinorin A, a hallucinogenic compound from the Salvia plant, interacts with only one receptor type in the human brain.