A new study finds that high levels of black carbon, a pollutant from truck emissions and dirty oil, contribute to childhood asthma hot spots in NYC. Children with higher black carbon exposure have higher exhaled nitric oxide, indicating greater lung inflammation and increased risk for asthma exacerbations.
Researchers explore the geology of Mars, including widespread weathered glass, global aqueous history, and volcanic activity. Studies also examine the impact of human activities on river discharge, crustal anatexis, and electrical conductivity in the Yellowstone hotspot.
The AkzoNobel North America Science Award recognizes outstanding scientific contributions in chemistry and materials research, with a focus on sustainability. The award winner will receive a $75,000 cash prize and be honored at the ACS' National Meeting & Exposition in New Orleans.
A report at the American Chemical Society symposium highlights the challenges faced by minority women in STEM fields, including limited access to quality education and career discouragement. The percentage of women of color with doctorates in science has risen, but there is still a long way to go for equal representation.
A genetic study has traced cattle back to a small herd of approximately 80 animals domesticated around 10,500 years ago. The research used DNA extracted from ancient cattle bones found in Iranian archaeological sites to determine the origins of domestication.
A new study published in Malaria Journal found that malaria prevention measures saved 850,000 child deaths in Africa between 2001 and 2010. The Lives Saved Tool model used by researchers estimated the impact of interventions such as insecticide-treated mosquito nets and pregnant women's malaria prevention.
Researchers found that patients who received early temporary treatment with antiretroviral drugs (cART) for 24 weeks had a lower viral setpoint and delayed the need to restart treatment during chronic HIV infection. This delay lasted for an average of 0.7 years, compared to those who did not receive early cART.
A team from Graz University of Technology has developed a new method for measuring pH in enzyme reactions using luminescent dual-life-time referencing. This method, known as DLR-based pH meter, combines a pH indicator and a reference standard to provide real-time characteristics of enzyme reactions.
This bimonthly publication presents research on the Deccan Traps, transfluvial incision in Eastern Papua New Guinea, and late Pleistocene structural evolution of the Camarillo fold belt. Seismic data reveal imprints of volcanism deep beneath the Deccan volcanic province, while river profiles indicate vertical rock uplift and fault motion.
A new study published in Nature Geoscience suggests that the Eastern branch of the East African Rift system is approximately 25-30 million years old, nearly doubling its previously estimated age. This discovery has important implications for understanding climate change models, faunal evolution, and the development of Africa's unique l...
Researchers have found a promising candidate for plasmonic materials in titanium nitride, enabling the transportation of plasmons and directing optical signals on the nanoscale. This discovery could lead to faster and more efficient optoelectronic devices with unprecedented speed and efficiency.
Researchers found that exposure to alcohol-related images can lead to increased expression of racial bias on a subconscious level. Participants who viewed these ads made more errors indicative of racial bias in a subsequent task than those who viewed non-alcoholic beverage ads.
Patients with high-risk GI tumors who received imatinib for 3 years instead of 1 year had improved recurrence-free survival and overall survival. The study found that longer treatment with the cancer drug resulted in better survival outcomes and fewer patients discontinued treatment due to adverse effects.
A recent US study found that higher out-of-pocket costs for children's medication are associated with reduced medication use and increased hospitalizations. The study, which analyzed data from over 8,000 patients, suggests that parents may be less sensitive to cost when making decisions for their younger children.
A study published in the British Medical Journal found that carefully adjusting mechanical ventilator settings can reduce mortality rates in patients with acute lung injury. The researchers evaluated 485 patients and found that lower breath sizes and reduced pressure can have a significant impact on survival.
A meta-analysis found that non-HDL-C levels are strongly associated with the risk of major cardiovascular events in patients taking statins, more so than LDL-C. Non-HDL-C was also shown to explain a larger proportion of the atheroprotective effect of statin therapy.
The Black Queen Hypothesis suggests that microbes can lose necessary functions and rely on others to do the work, enabling cooperation in communities. Prochlorococcus plankton species, studied by the authors, is an example of this adaptation.
Researchers developed an algorithm to optimize traffic flow across roundabouts in Beijing, reducing delays to just 11 seconds. The approach balances entry and exit point delays for smoothest flow, offering a potential solution to the city's chronic congestion issues.
Researchers at Oregon State University are exploring the role of viruses, particularly herpes, in coral decline. A comprehensive analysis of coral genomes reveals that herpes viruses constitute a majority of the viruses found in corals.
A 36-hour operation successfully transplanted both jaws, teeth, and tongue as part of the most extensive full face transplant to date. The procedure was led by Dr. Eduardo D. Rodriguez and involved a multi-disciplinary team of surgeons and medical staff.
Researchers found that combining antibiotics with additional compounds made previously resistant bacteria more susceptible, increasing efficacy by up to six-fold. The study's lead author believes adjuvant therapy could revolutionize antibiotic use and reduce antimicrobial resistance.
A new guideline from the American Academy of Neurology confirms IVIg as an effective treatment for Guillain-Barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). The therapy has been shown to be as effective as plasma exchange in treating GBS, with long-term use also helping to manage CIDP. Serious side effects a...
J. Oscar Barahona will receive the Distinguished Sonographer Award for his significant contributions to medical ultrasound. He has been a driving force in advancing the field, serving on various committees and boards within the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine.
Researchers found that rhinovirus infection causes an increase in cough receptors, making airways more sensitive to environmental stimuli. This may lead to new drugs that reduce virus-induced cough and wheeze in asthmatics and chronic lung disease patients.
A cost-utility analysis shows the DC Female Condom program prevented significant HIV infections and saved over $8 million in future medical care costs. The program's success suggests promoting female condoms as an effective HIV prevention intervention for women at high risk.
The CORONARY trial found that off-pump CABG reduces the need for blood products, reoperations, and pulmonary complications, but increases the risk of technical failure. The study suggests that patient-specific decisions can be made for bypass surgery, allowing surgeons to individualize the technique.
A team of scientists created a methodology that considers timber vulnerability, harvesting value, and fire behavior to estimate potential net losses from timber production and fire survival probability. This approach helps fire managers and planners evaluate the economic impacts of wildfires on timber resources.
Patients diagnosed with aortic stenosis who are too sick for open-heart surgery have better survival rates and an improved quality of life after undergoing catheter-based heart valve replacement. The minimally invasive procedure adds years to life and life to years, according to a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine.
A new U-M study finds that US employment downturns affect remittance payments to chronically ill patients in Central America, leading to reduced access to healthcare. Patients with lower education and multiple chronic health problems face significant financial strain.
Percutaneous cryoablation, an interventional radiology procedure, uses tiny probes to freeze and destroy tumors in metastatic breast cancer. The treatment has been shown to provide a valuable alternative to other therapies with minimal side effects and reduced recovery time.
The UK has launched its Centre for Carbon Measurement to improve climate data accuracy, support carbon markets, and stimulate green innovation. The centre aims to triple the £6m of low-carbon projects already being supported by NPL over three years.
A study found that a simple genetic test can predict the aggressiveness of rhabdomyosarcoma tumours in children, allowing for tailored treatment and improved survival rates. The test identified a panel of genes whose altered activity levels could be used to predict patient response to treatment.
A new study reveals that only four percent of young women with cancer preserve their fertility during treatments. Women from specific socio-demographic groups are more likely to receive counseling and take action.
A study published in NEJM shows that bariatric surgery dramatically improves type 2 diabetes remission rates, with 95% of patients undergoing BPD achieving remission and 75% of those receiving RYGB. The study's authors suggest that the mechanisms behind the surgery are key to improving diabetes control.
A researcher at Indiana University has been awarded $2.3 million to explore chlamydia genomics and develop a potential vaccine for the bacterial infectious disease. The team plans to use genetic tools to understand how the bacteria circumvents host immune systems and targets preferred tissues.
A recent study by McGill University researchers has identified a key gene affecting chronic pain sensitivity, offering a potential new approach to individualized therapy. The findings suggest that targeting the pore-forming function of P2X7 receptors may provide relief for patients with genetically inherited low pain sensitivity.
Researchers developed an analytical method that measures cardiorespiratory interaction using individual breaths and heartbeats, showing that postnatal age is an indicator of maturity in premature infants. The study found no correlation between cardiorespiratory interaction and birth weight or gestational age at birth.
A two-drug combination of meropenem and clavulanate has been shown to effectively treat forms of TB that are resistant to other antibiotics. The treatment offers new hope for dealing with drug-resistant TB, which is a major public health concern globally.
Researchers discovered numerous coral communities covered in brown flocculent material and showing signs of tissue damage near the Macondo Well, 4,000 feet from the surface. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography analysis confirmed oil from the spill was the source, revealing a serious impact on deep-sea animal communities.
A meta-analysis of 13 studies found a significant association between lower Aβ42: Aβ40 ratios and development of Alzheimer disease and dementia. The analysis suggests that measuring this ratio may have value in predicting the risk for later development of dementia or AD.
Researchers aim to create targeted compounds that selectively attack cancerous cells by zeroing-in on pollutants produced by tumors' characteristic metabolism. This approach seeks to minimize side effects associated with conventional chemotherapy.
A new study published in BioMed Central shows that cognitive training can improve reasoning, memory, language, and hand-eye coordination in healthy older adults. The results suggest that this type of training may help prevent mental decline and promote independent living among elderly individuals.
The number of ophthalmologists worldwide is insufficient to meet the growing demands of ageing populations and developing countries. The global shortfall of trained eye doctors is a pressing concern, particularly in low-income countries where capacity is increasing faster than the population.
The Kessler Foundation has been awarded a $383,000 five-year grant from the National Multiple Sclerosis Society to fund postdoctoral fellowships in MS rehabilitation research. The program provides advanced training for scientists working towards careers dedicated to improving the lives of people with MS.
Researchers have discovered that a specific protein called p21 can kill certain cancer cells, including sarcomas, by sensitizing their mitochondria to oxidants. This finding provides a rationale for testing existing drugs that increase p21 levels in these types of cancers.
A Canadian Medical Association Journal analysis reveals a gap in consent policies for pelvic exams under anesthesia. The updated policy statement for medical students requires explicit consent, but residents are not subject to the same requirements, leaving some women less protected.
A study found bariatric surgery to be superior to intensive medical management in achieving glycemic control and weight loss for obese patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes. The surgery resulted in a significant reduction of medications and improved glycemic control after one year.
Coronary CT angiography (CCTA) scans identified nearly three times as many patients with coronary artery disease as standard methods. Low- to intermediate-risk patients who underwent CCTA were more than twice as likely to be discharged and had significantly shorter hospital stays.
A new look-alike species of hammerhead shark has been discovered in Brazilian waters, raising concerns about its impact on the endangered scalloped hammerhead. The discovery confirms that the original finding was not a local oddity and highlights the need for further research to understand its population status.
Researchers found success with irreversible electroporation to treat primary and metastatic liver cancer; the technique is now being implemented as a treatment for pancreatic cancer. Two out of eight participants had successful resections after IRE, with improved survival rates compared to traditional treatments.
New research reveals Artemisia tridentata seeds can form a persistent seed bank, enabling the species to regenerate post-fire. The study found that burying sagebrush seeds 3 cm below the soil surface increased their viability for up to 24 months.
Two-year data show comparable death and durability rates between catheter-placed heart valves and open-heart surgery in very old patients. Valve durability appears to be comparable, with no significant difference in mortality between the two groups over time.
A phase 2 trial found that ipilimumab improved disease control and long-term survival in patients with advanced melanoma and brain metastases. The treatment was associated with similar immune-related side effects as those reported for patients without brain metastases, suggesting a potential new standard of care for this population.
A recent genetic study has found evidence of prehistoric gene flow between Africa and Europe, dating back to 11,000 years ago. The research suggests that more than 35% of sub-Saharan African lineages arrived in Europe during this time period, likely via coastal routes.
Researchers find stressed corals and brown flocculent material at depths of up to 4,300 feet, contradicting initial assumption that such ecosystems are immune to surface spills. The study's findings suggest the Deepwater Horizon spill had a more far-reaching impact than previously thought.
A study published in the Journal of Experimental Medicine suggests that replacing naive CD4+ T cells with memory CD4+ T cells may be a more effective approach to combating HIV. The loss of naive T cells had no effect on the maintenance of memory CD4+ T cells, whose loss proceeded similarly with or without naive cell replacements.
A new study by the University of California, San Diego, suggests that regular chocolate eaters are actually thinner than those who don't consume chocolate regularly. The research found a modest but significant association between chocolate consumption and lower body mass index, regardless of calorie intake or exercise habits.
Researchers have redefined the timing of the Great Rift Valley's formation in Africa, suggesting it occurred around 25 million years ago. This new evidence has significant implications for understanding climate change models and animal evolution.
A new study reveals that non-invasive coronary CT angiography (CCTA) scans can quickly and reliably determine which patients with chest pain can be safely discharged from emergency departments. The test was found to have a lower 30-day event rate than traditional care, making it a valuable tool for identifying low-risk patients.
Researchers have developed a new endoscope technology that uses Cerenkov Luminescence to guide surgeons in removing more of cancerous tumors than possible. The technology has shown promise in laboratory experiments and may be suitable for human use, potentially improving cancer treatment outcomes.