Researchers from Germany and Switzerland have discovered the importance of acetic acid bacteria in cocoa fermentation, mapping metabolic pathways that produce acetate and initiate flavor development. The study reveals a fine-tuned collaboration between a multi-species consortium during fermentation.
Researchers Guillaume Avice and Bernard Marty found the Earth is approximately 60 million years older than previously thought. The team analyzed xenon gas sealed in quartz samples to refine dating techniques and estimate the Moon-forming impact timing, now believed to be around 40 million years after solar system formation.
A new study identifies a 3- to 5-million-year-old Tibetan fox as the likely ancestor of the living Arctic fox, supporting the 'out of Tibet' hypothesis. The discovery boosts an alternative scenario for the origin of cold-adapted Pleistocene megafauna.
Researchers found that human herpes simplex virus (HSV) -1 and -2 originated in chimpanzees, with HSV-1 present in humans for over 6 million years. The study suggests that HSV-2 emerged from ancient chimps around 1.6 million years ago, prior to the rise of modern humans.
Environmental scientists Drs Carol Turley and Phil Williamson and Professor Richard Thompson will discuss ocean acidification and plastic pollution at the US Department of State conference. They emphasize the urgent need for a coordinated, global approach to address these pressing issues.
Experts warn that UK government's delay in publishing plain tobacco packaging draft regulations will exacerbate public health crisis. The proposed measures aim to reduce smoking rates and protect children from tobacco marketing.
A paralyzed person will attempt the first kick in the FIFA World Cup using a brain-controlled robotic exoskeleton, demonstrating the TUM Institute for Cognitive Systems' CellulARSkin technology. This technology provides a sense of touch, allowing patients to feel their feet touching the ground.
A recent AP-NORC analysis of Californians' experiences with long-term care highlights growing concerns among minority groups, particularly Hispanics and foreign-born individuals. The survey reveals that nearly two-thirds of Californians age 40 or older expect to need long-term care, but many have not planned for it.
Researchers identified diverse mechanisms driving venom variation in closely related snake species, impacting venom-induced haemorrhage and coagulation pathologies. This study highlights challenges to developing broad-spectrum snakebite treatments due to conventional antivenom limitations.
The Soybean Knowledge Base (SoyKB) is a free online database that allows researchers to collaborate and analyze large data sets related to soybean research. Key findings include the use of computational methods to help determine results, and the potential for drug design and cost-effective pharmaceutical development.
Researchers have discovered a key gene mutation responsible for impaired mental function in children with intellectual disabilities. TUBB5 is essential for healthy brain development, and mutations can cause problems with normal fetal brain development.
Researchers have found that cancer cells decide whether to live or die after a short period of intense exposure to targeted therapy. This discovery presents a new treatment strategy with significant potential for reducing side effects in patients.
Researchers from Queen Mary University of London have developed nanopatches to alter surface properties, enabling stem cells to differentiate and behave like those grown on soft surfaces. This breakthrough enhances the potential of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
Researchers developed a game that trained both mice and humans to enhance their ability to discriminate soft sounds in noisy backgrounds. Trained subjects showed improved speech processing skills, even in high levels of background noise.
Researchers have discovered a new pathway between the gut, liver, and bone that regulates bone mass. Vitamin B12 deficiency leads to stunted growth and osteoporosis in offspring of mice, but supplementation restores bone health.
Researchers at MIT have discovered a 'random solid solution' that affects how ions move through the material, explaining the unexpectedly high power and long cycle life of lithium-ion batteries. The study provides new insights into the dynamic processes within electrode materials.
The public has its first view of a live vampire squid and other deep-sea cephalopods in the ongoing Tentacles special exhibition at the Monterey Bay Aquarium. A collaborative effort with the aquarium's partner institution, MBARI, this exhibit provides new scientific insights into these mysterious animals.
Researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center have identified a new B-cell selection process that influences antibody survival independent of antigen-binding regions. This discovery adds a surprising dimension to the understanding of antibody repertoires and may help shape them to better fight disease.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have plotted the complex paths of cholinergic neurons, which degenerate first in people with Alzheimer's. The study reveals that these neurons face significant challenges due to their thin pipeline and numerous branch points.
Researchers propose that human faces developed robust features to protect against facial injuries during hand-to-hand combat, challenging the long-held hypothesis that these traits arose from eating hard foods. The study's findings support the idea that violence played a significant role in shaping human evolution.
The TRMM-based Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis system monitored near-real time rainfall totals for May 29 to June 6, 2014, during Tropical Storm Boris and System 90L's impact on Mexico. The satellite recorded the highest rainfall totals of over 535 mm in southern Mexico.
A Northwestern University team has developed a new understanding of plastics for battery applications by combining two traditional theories in materials science. This opens the door for a new class of batteries with improved safety and power efficiency. The researchers used block copolymers, which are self-assembling into nanostructure...
A new antibody-based molecular imaging agent has been developed to target the HER3 receptor in breast cancer, which may lead to better diagnosis and treatment of high-risk cases. This approach could also help identify patients who would benefit from additional therapies.
Researchers used a novel radioluminescence microscope to study single cells and found unexpected variation. The tool helps personalize radionuclide imaging by characterizing how radiotracers interact with cells.
A recent genetic study suggests that Neolithic people colonized Europe through a maritime route, with Crete serving as a major hub. The analysis confirms that the Neolithic migrants originated from the Levant and primarily traveled by sea, introducing their genes to European populations.
Researchers used SPECT and PET systems to detect inflammation involved in osteoarthritis, giving doctors a clear read on chronic pain and possible joint destruction. Radiolabeled anti-FAP antibodies showed significantly increased imaging agent uptake in inflamed joints.
A new study published in PNAS reveals how the GAD65 protein changes shape when activated, potentially linking it to type 1 diabetes. The research found that antibodies interact with the protein differently depending on its state, which may affect vaccine development for the disease.
Scientists found a strong association between REM sleep disturbance and the development of progressive brain diseases like Parkinson's and dementia. Longitudinal imaging data showed decreased dopamine transporter density in patients with REM sleep disorder, which marked the first hints of Parkinson's disease.
Researchers found that over 40% of online shoppers buy additional products without extra value, influenced by pre-populated data and opt-in/opt-out tactics. The study highlights the effectiveness of post-transaction sales in luring consumers.
Researchers used novel molecular imaging techniques to identify outlier cancer cells in the blood, which may indicate increased risk of metastases. The study found that less than 3% of circulating tumor cells showed abnormal glucose metabolism, suggesting potential aggressiveness.
Rates of prediabetes have tripled over the past decade in England, affecting over a third of adults. Those from disadvantaged backgrounds and black and minority ethnicities are disproportionately affected, with up to one in 10 progressing to diabetes annually.
A recent study found that frequent use of permanent dyes and perming treatments may expose hairdressers to banned aromatic amines, linked to increased cancer risk. The researchers recommend protective measures such as wearing gloves to minimize skin exposure.
System 90L, a tropical low pressure area, never formed into a tropical depression but dropped heavy rainfall on eastern and southeastern Mexico. The system eventually dissipated after making landfall, resulting in gusty winds and life-threatening flash flooding.
A new study shows that administering G-CSF, a stem cell-stimulating therapy, early in the treatment of heart attack patients can improve their chances of survival and cardiac function. The therapy was found to increase blood flow, access to energy, and overall cardiac health.
A new molecular breast imaging protocol using a higher dose of Tc-99m filtered sulfur colloid has been shown to improve the detection of advanced breast cancer. Imaging performed the day prior to surgery was more sensitive than imaging on the day of surgery, detecting 76% versus 49% of cases with metastasized lymph nodes.
Researchers at Duke University have identified a key protein that drives DNA copying in plasmids responsible for antibiotic resistance in staphylococcus bacteria. By understanding how this protein works, scientists may develop new ways to prevent the spread of antibiotic-resistant plasmids.
A study of over 2,600 adults with hepatitis B found that antiviral therapy significantly reduced the occurrence of liver cancer (HCC) by 60%. The therapy was more effective than treatment in preventing HCC than untreated patients. Results suggest a potential new approach to preventing a common and deadly form of cancer.
A study of professional rugby players found that exercise increased the diversity of gut microbiota, which was positively correlated with a favourable metabolic profile and immune system response. Higher dietary protein intake also played a role in this association.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center found that children with heart disease have low lifetime cancer risk from X-rays, but those undergoing repeated complex imaging tests face a slightly increased risk. The study of 337 children aged six and younger showed a 0.07% average increase in lifetime cancer risk.
A new study published in the American Heart Association journal Circulation found that radiation from heart imaging tests is relatively low and doesn't significantly raise lifetime cancer risks for most young children. However, some children with complex heart disease can be exposed to large cumulative doses that increase estimated lif...
Researchers at The Wistar Institute discovered that the protein Foxp1 plays a critical role in antibody responses, enabling rapid and effective immune system activation. Manipulating Foxp1 activity could provide a useful tool for boosting antibody responses to treat infectious diseases or suppressing them to treat autoimmune disorders.
Breast cancer patients often do not meet national physical activity guidelines after diagnosis, with African-American women being less likely to do so. A study found that only 35% of survivors met guidelines post-diagnosis, with a significant decrease in activity six months after diagnosis.
Researchers recommend increasing cervical cancer screenings to reduce rates, regardless of test choice. Co-testing with Pap and HPV detects most pre-cancer, but improvement is small compared to repeat Pap testing every three years.
Researchers have mapped ancient Inuit trails using archival accounts, maps, and place names, providing a vital step in cultural preservation and understanding Inuit history. The 'pan-Inuit' world is being fragmented due to climate change, but the atlas shows the geographical extent and connectedness of Inuit occupancy.
Researchers from Harvard University believe they've found signs of an ancient Earth within the Earth's mantle, challenging the theory of the Moon's formation. They analyzed noble gas isotopes and found significant differences between shallow and deep mantle regions.
Studies indicate that bullies, victims, and bully-victims are more likely to carry weapons. The study found stronger associations between being a bully-victim and weapon-carrying in US studies compared to other countries.
A study found that healthcare providers and women have different priorities when it comes to contraception. For women, safety and side effects are top concerns, while providers focus on method usage and effectiveness. The mismatch between these priorities underscores the need for shared decision-making processes.
A University of Florida study found that nearly one-third of English adults have prediabetes, a condition characterized by higher than normal blood glucose levels. The study suggests that without intervention, England may experience a significant increase in diabetes cases in the coming years.
Researchers at Penn University's Center for Environmental Toxicology will study asbestos exposure pathways and develop methods for bioremediation. The study aims to identify factors that increase the risk of mesothelioma and determine if genetic or environmental factors play a role.
A new study reveals that PET/MR imaging is highly effective in detecting coronary artery disease, outperforming traditional SPECT methods. The hybrid technique provides a comprehensive view of the heart, combining anatomical and functional information for more accurate diagnoses.
A novel F-18 labeled tracer, F-18 THK5117, selectively binds to tau/neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's brains. This study demonstrates the potential for F-18 THK5117 to develop new anti-dementia drugs.
Purdue researchers have developed a new approach to teach large numbers of engineering students, resulting in improved student performance and engagement. The Purdue Mechanics Freeform Classroom system allows students to interact online while accessing instructional videos and animations, reducing the number of students who receive a D...
Researchers at MedStar Washington Hospital Center found that African-American women are more likely to be diagnosed with biologically less favorable subtypes of breast cancer. Genomic profiling identified specific molecular subtypes associated with a higher risk of recurrence.
Agriculture accounts for 80% of human-caused nitrous oxide emissions, which rise faster than expected when fertilizer rates exceed crop needs. Applying more precise amounts of nitrogen-based fertilizer can help combat climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Researchers developed a new concept to improve molecular imaging by co-injecting an NEP inhibitor, resulting in up to 40 times increased circulating radiopeptides and improved tumor uptake. This approach could lead to higher diagnostic sensitivity and therapeutic efficacy for cancer patients.
Increasing cervical cancer screening rates can help prevent invasive cancer. Experts recommend focusing on population coverage rather than choosing a specific test. Meanwhile, the release of Medicare data provides insights into healthcare spending and quality, but lacks meaningful context for evaluation.
Researchers with the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory have devised a technique to form highly ordered thin films over macroscopic distances in one minute. The technique uses supramolecules based on block copolymers to create nanocomposites that self-assemble into hierarchically-structured thin films.
Researchers found that a daily lycopene supplement improved endothelial function in patients with cardiovascular disease, but not in healthy volunteers. The supplement showed significant improvements in widening of blood vessels by over half compared to baseline.
Researchers can conduct five different imaging studies in one scan with the Opti-SPECT/PET/CT system, providing comprehensive data on anatomy and physiological processes. The device allows for minimally invasive studies with a single dose of anesthesia, enabling scientists to develop new drug discovery methods.
A study by MD Anderson Cancer Center found that needle biopsy is underused in breast cancer diagnosis, with many patients undergoing unnecessary excisional biopsies. Surgeon influence was also a significant factor, with certain characteristics associated with a higher rate of excisional biopsies.