A study of 439,628 veterans found that taking Valproic acid for at least one year lowered the risk of developing head and neck cancer by 34%. Higher doses and longer durations of use provided additional benefits with up to 16,000 new cases potentially prevented annually in the US.
A study by Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health found that men seeking non-gay-identified (NGI) partners on Craigslist tend to prioritize anonymity and masculinity, which may increase the risk of HIV transmission. Only a small percentage of NGI-seeking ads mentioned safe sex or condom use.
Tropical Cyclone Gillian's maximum sustained winds peaked at 140 knots/161.1 mph/259.3 kph on March 23 as it pulled away from Indonesia. The storm began to weaken due to upper-level northwesterly wind shear and a mid-level trough approaching its path.
The guideline states that certain forms of medical marijuana in pill or oral spray form may help reduce patients' reported spasticity symptoms, pain due to spasticity, and frequent urination. However, long-term safety of medical marijuana use is not known, and potential side effects include seizures, dizziness, and psychological problems.
Researchers find that a wide range of lock-free algorithms offer performance guarantees comparable to wait-free algorithms, even with complex scheduler variations. This discovery simplifies multicore chip programming, as programmers often program under the assumption of benevolent schedulers.
A recent Harvard University study using prosopagnosia patients found that face recognition is a distinct cognitive process. Patients with face blindness showed poor performance in recognizing faces, contrasting with their ability to recognize other objects of expertise.
Researchers at Tufts University have discovered that deleting the FAT10 gene reduces body fat and extends lifespan in mice by 20%, improving insulin sensitivity and protection against type 2 diabetes. The study provides a promising lead for future research into the role of FAT10 in coordinating immunity and metabolism.
A study found that video glasses effectively distract patients undergoing minimally invasive treatment procedures, such as biopsies and catheter placements. Patients wearing video glasses showed a significant reduction in anxiety levels, with no adverse effects on blood pressure or pain levels.
Researchers have found that pramlintide reduces amyloid-beta peptides and improves learning and memory in Alzheimer's disease models. The study also suggests lower levels of amylin in blood among AD patients, which could lead to new diagnosis and treatment options.
Habitual violent gaming is associated with long-term aggressive behavior in children, as measured by self-reported aggression and aggressive cognition. The study suggests that empathy does not mediate the effects of violent gaming on aggression.
Researchers at the University of York and University of Leeds have developed a mathematical model that explains the molecular mechanisms behind virus assembly. The discovery opens up possibilities for the development of anti-viral therapies and could help treat diseases such as HIV, Hepatitis B and C, Norovirus, and the Common Cold.
Researchers at Nanyang Technological University have developed a next-generation solar cell material that can also emit light, doubling its potential applications. The material, made from Perovskite, has been found to be highly luminescent and suitable for both solar energy conversion and light emission.
Researchers from Brown University have assembled a 60,000-year record of rainfall in central Indonesia, showing that the region's normally wet climate was interrupted by a severe dry period during peak ice age. This finding provides crucial data for predicting how the region might respond to global warming.
Researchers induce a bodily illusion where participants' hands feel stiffer and heavier, showing the brain can quickly update its perception of body material. This study reveals multisensory integration can alter perceived body properties, which may help explain how tools and prostheses integrate into our body schemas.
A study by two students at Linköping University found that aquatic environments in India emit 42% of expected natural carbon dioxide equivalents, highlighting the importance of reducing fossil carbon emissions. Methane accounts for 71% of these emissions, providing a potential pathway to reduction through water pollution mitigation.
Researchers at UCL have created a new antibacterial material using simple dyes and nanogold particles, showing potent bactericidal effects even in total darkness. The innovative surface technology has potential to reduce hospital-acquired infections.
White-footed mice are 'super hosts' that transfer disease-causing pathogens to feeding ticks, yet appear indifferent to larval tick infestations. Research found that heavy tick burdens did not reduce mouse survival or overwintering success, and may even enhance their chances of survival.
Frontiers in Nutrition is a new open-access journal launching to tackle global malnutrition and obesity. The journal aims to provide an integrated platform for exchange of science and ideas from various perspectives.
A study at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute found wide variation in oncologists' attitudes towards offering cancer gene testing, with those having high genomic confidence more likely to prescribe the test. The survey revealed that 42% of doctors approved telling patients about uncertain test results, highlighting concerns about delivering ...
A new study suggests that gut microorganisms support the production of immune cells, which are essential for fighting infection. The research found that mice lacking gut microbes were more susceptible to bacterial infections, highlighting the importance of maintaining a healthy balance of gut microbes in our immune system.
Researchers have discovered that increased temperature and crowded environments cause unfolded proteins to shrink and lose their complex functions. This discovery has significant implications for understanding various biological processes, including cancer onset.
A new study found that mothers' levels of physical activity are closely related to those of their preschool children. Only 53% of mothers engaged in 30 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity at least once a week, with the amount of activity a mother and her child did each day being highly correlated.
A new study has found that exposure to crude oil from the Deepwater Horizon spill can cause serious defects in heart development and function of fish embryos. The research highlights the potential impacts on commercially important pelagic fish populations in the Gulf of Mexico.
Physicist Chris Adami has solved the information paradox in Hawking's black hole theory by introducing the concept of stimulated emission. According to Adami, the information swallowed by a black hole is copied and preserved outside the event horizon through stimulated emission.
Physicists have observed Kelvin waves on quantum 'tornadoes' for the first time, confirming a key prediction. The discovery was made using extremely cold liquid helium and provides new insights into turbulence in quantum fluids.
Tracheal bioengineering should be demonstrated as both effective and safe before further transplants. The authors report high mortality and morbidity rates among patients who received bioengineered tracheas, casting doubt on the field's current state.
The US Preventive Services Task Force found insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for cognitive decline in older adults. The FDA is reforming its approval process for high-risk medical devices to prioritize patient safety, requiring clinical data and clear labeling.
Researchers at CAMH have developed a nasal spray that delivers a peptide to treat depression, providing an alternative therapeutic approach. The peptide treatment interferes with dopamine receptors, leading to anti-depressant effects and showing potential in relieving symptoms.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis have identified a key protein in the auxin signaling network that may help understand the entire mechanism. The protein's interaction domain allows it to form chains with other proteins, fine-tuning the response of individual cells to auxin and producing detailed patterns on plant leaves.
A recent study found that Canadians have paid $6.8 billion more in premiums than they received in benefits from private health insurance since 2011. The gap between what insurers take in and what they pay out has increased threefold over the past two decades.
Researchers found that the initial stage of autophagy is not directly related to the composition of the Beclin-1 complex. Instead, other mechanisms are likely involved in inducing autophagy. This study highlights the complexity of autophagy regulation and challenges current understanding of its role in neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers developed a new technique using spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM) to measure human neural networks, showing how neurons grow, organize, and transport materials. The study provides insights into the formation of neural networks and could lead to advancements in understanding diseases like Alzheimer's.
Researchers discovered that p53 acts to prevent cancer cell invasion by initiating a chain of events that ultimately prevents the formation of lamellipodia. This process involves the activation of a mitochondrial protease called Omi, which cleaves actin filaments and suppresses the activity of focal adhesion signaling protein p130Cas.
New results show that mobile microorganisms can increase the transport of toxic PAHs up to 100-fold, making them more accessible to bacteria and plant roots. This discovery opens new perspectives for cleaning PAH-contaminated soil through biological treatment.
Researchers found that developing sperm cells lacking p73 detached prematurely and died, while Sertoli cells lost their characteristic morphology. The study demonstrates the critical role of p73 in regulating cell adhesions for male fertility.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University have discovered that DNA therapy can preserve inner ear nerve cells in humans with certain types of progressive hearing loss. The study uses a protein growth factor to block degeneration and has important implications for enhancing sound perception with cochlear implants.
Researchers have developed a technology to recover phosphorus from wastewater using superparamagnetic particles. The particles trap phosphate anions, which can then be removed using magnets, leaving water clear of pollutants. This innovative method has the potential to protect the environment and provide a sustainable raw material source.
Research finds that protein TG2 enables bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis to adhere to cells, and blocking its associations prevents bacterial adhesion. The study provides insight into a potential target for preventing gum disease.
A daily high dose of statins over six months significantly improved coughing symptoms in 12 out of 30 patients with bronchiectasis. The treatment also reduced inflammation and enabled patients to tolerate gentle exercise better. Larger studies are now needed to confirm these findings.
Researchers at the University of Leicester have developed an artificial version of a naturally occurring protein, properdin, which successfully combats bacterial pneumonia and meningitis in mice. The treatment offers significant protection against life-threatening infections.
A recent study published in Applied and Environmental Microbiology has identified a distinct population of microbes in the breast tissue, with Proteobacteria being the dominant phylum. The presence of beneficial bacteria like Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria suggests a potential protective effect for both mother and child.
A study by University of Sheffield and University of Bath found that female-biased populations have higher divorce rates, while male-dominated environments lead to increased short-term infidelity. The research also discovered that both sexes become more polygamous when the sex ratio is skewed towards the opposite sex.
Researchers used a highly accurate simulation model to test a hypothesis about the behavior of hydrogen under extreme conditions. The study found that metallization can only occur at pressures approaching 500 gigapascals, a value that is currently beyond experimental capabilities.
A team of researchers from the University of Akron has made a groundbreaking discovery by identifying the missing hormone leptin in birds. Leptin plays a crucial role in regulating body fat storage, metabolism, and appetite, but its presence was unknown in avian species until now.
A recent study published in Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases found that allopurinol, a commonly used gout medication, is associated with a reduced risk of death in hyperuricemic patients. The study also suggests that treatment with allopurinol may protect against premature death, outweighing rare but serious adverse effects.
A team of scientists used computer modeling to reveal how giant swirls form during plate collision, explaining the origin of curved mountain chains along subduction zones. The model suggests that parts of the subducted slab sweep around behind the collision, pushing continental material into the mountain belt.
Researchers found detectable JC virus DNA in at least one cell subtype of 26 out of 49 patients with MS starting natalizumab therapy. This study suggests that ongoing studies are needed to investigate the mechanism behind PML in natalizumab-treated MS patients.
Neurologists investigate the significance of the vestibular system in directing gaze, finding that patients with vestibular or cerebellar dysfunction have difficulty controlling eye movements. The study suggests that rehabilitation training based on active head movements can enhance gaze shift control and learning to find endpoints.
A study by Universidad Carlos III de Madrid reveals that nanofoams follow the same universal laws as soap lather, with small bubbles disappearing in favor of larger ones. The researchers used an atomic force microscope to observe the evolution of nanostructures during ion radiation.
Researchers created a robotic clam called RoboClam that can burrow into undersea soil using little energy. By mimicking the movement of an Atlantic razor clam, RoboClam can liquefy the soil around its shell, reducing drag and allowing it to move quickly and efficiently.
A new small, wireless self-contained pacemaker has been found safe and effective for patients. The study aims to address the limitations of traditional pacemakers, which pose minimal risk but can lead to short- or long-term complications.
Researchers found CaM Kinase II plays a significant role in controlling neuropeptide release from neurons, affecting learning, memory, social behaviors, and mood. The study's findings could lead to future therapies targeting altered mood and memory in humans.
A recent study by IHME found that a small number of US counties are driving declines in smoking rates, with some seeing significant drops over the past decade. These counties tend to have more progressive tobacco control policies and programs.
A study of 949 smokers found that e-cigarette use was not associated with greater quitting rates or reduced cigarette consumption. E-cigarettes were more commonly used by women and younger adults, but their effectiveness as a smoking cessation tool remains inconclusive.
Researchers developed a new concept to control wrinkling patterns on hard nano-film/soft-matter substrate by patterning the surface with curves. The study found that concave-side curves suppress wrinkling, while convex-side curves induce it, making disordered wrinkling controllable.
Research suggests that a leader must be either analytical or empathetic, but not both at the same time. However, recent studies from Case Western Reserve University reveal that this distinction has a foundation in our brains, which allows us to switch between the two modes.
A new mass spectrometry-based technique provides high-throughput analysis of proteins like IGF1 at a rate of over 1,000 human samples per day. The method accurately characterizes protein structure and variants, offering a detailed portrait of protein information not available through traditional ELISA tests.
A new vertebral augmentation implant showed promise in reducing pain and improving function in patients with compression fractures caused by osteoporosis. The study, involving 300 patients, found the implant to be effective in providing similar pain relief as current treatments and improving quality of life.
Researchers discovered that stroke patients' brains exhibit more complex functional network connectivity than healthy controls. The study also identified a compensation loop in the brain's functional network following stroke, suggesting its role in rehabilitation.
The new framework was used to understand the dynamics of quantized vortices and their interaction with electrons. The researchers discovered a novel mechanism of vortex multiplication, which explains why unidentified electron objects were found only at lower temperatures.