Researchers found that Dab2 overexpression significantly increased TβRII and p-SMAD2/3 levels, reducing amyloid-beta deposition, microglia activation, and neuronal loss in APP/PS1 mouse brain tissue. This suggests a neuroprotective role of Dab2 in Alzheimer's disease.
A survey by USC researchers found that those who could benefit most from the Affordable Care Act, including low-income earners, are also the most uninformed about health care policies. The study showed that 42% of Americans couldn't describe a deductible and 62% didn't know the difference between HMO and PPO plans.
A team of chemists, led by Professor Thomas Albrecht-Schmitt at Florida State University, has made significant discoveries about the element californium. The findings suggest that californium can bond and separate other materials with remarkable abilities, making it resistant to radiation damage.
Researchers estimate 1 million children develop TB disease each year, while 32,000 suffer from multidrug-resistant TB. The study underscores the need for improved diagnostic methods and global response to TB in children.
The European Respiratory Society has developed new consensus statements to guide the management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in Europe. These statements aim to bridge the gap in knowledge due to limited clinical evidence, particularly for extensively drug-resistant TB.
Researchers found that heparin interactions with the terminal domains of murine prion protein stabilize the protein, preventing aggregation. This stabilization prevents prion conversion and disease. Heparin may establish groundwork for therapeutic use against prion diseases.
Researchers used a numerical model to demonstrate the link between crustal unloading and magma transport in rift valleys. In broad, shallow rifts, magma ascends vertically, while in deep, narrow rifts, it's strongly deviated, resulting in off-rift volcanoes forming at distances from the rift axis.
A groundbreaking study led by TGen has identified a genetic mutation in the SMARCA4 gene as the primary driver of small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT), a rare and aggressive form of ovarian cancer. This discovery holds promise for developing targeted therapies and improving diagnosis.
Physicists demonstrate distribution of three entangled photons at three different locations, proving quantum nonlocality and opening possibilities for multi-party quantum communication. The experiment overcomes the locality loophole, allowing for faster-than-light information transfer.
Researchers developed a new technology called MaMTH to study human proteins, particularly membrane proteins that contribute to disease. The technology identifies a protein, CRKII, that plays a role in non-small cell lung cancer and suggests a potential therapeutic approach.
Researchers at Ohio State University demonstrated that diamond wires can transmit spin, a magnetic effect that could revolutionize computing. The discovery challenges conventional methods of measuring spin dynamics and has the potential to make computers faster and more powerful.
A preclinical study suggests that AHCC supplement can eliminate HPV infections and may have a role in preventing HPV-related cancers. The study found durable responses after treatment with AHCC for up to 90 days, with no side effects observed.
Researchers found that warmer summers will cause more deaths in London and southeast England than the rest of the country. The odds of dying from cardiovascular or respiratory causes increased by over 10% for every 1C rise in temperature in these regions.
Researchers at the Niels Bohr Institute discovered that imperfect nanostructures can be used to produce 'nanolasers', which is an ultimately compact and energy-efficient light source. The imperfections in photonic crystal membranes result in controlled reflections, amplifying light and enabling efficient laser production.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital have identified a path to safer drugs for heart disease and cancer. By analyzing the structure of an extracellular matrix protein and its interaction with an integrin, they have discovered a high-affinity version that can bind strongly without inducing unintended receptor activation.
Basket cells convert excitatory signals into inhibitory outputs within milliseconds; researchers identify controlled increase in Na+ channels and conductance for fast transmission. Signal processing is made possible by high density of Na+ channels and increased conductance, compensating for small axon diameter and lack of myelination.
Scientists have successfully used a novel approach called bioretrosynthesis to produce the HIV drug didanosine. This method leverages natural selection to create specialized enzymes that can manufacture complex molecules from simple sugars, offering a more sustainable alternative to traditional chemistry.
The Lancet journals publish a special collection on tuberculosis, highlighting emerging challenges like drug-resistant strains and poor treatment outcomes. New anti-tuberculosis drugs and host-directed therapies are being developed to improve treatment efficacy.
Researchers at MIT have successfully designed and created living materials that incorporate non-living components, such as gold nanoparticles and quantum dots. These hybrid materials exhibit unique properties, including the ability to conduct electricity and emit light, making them suitable for various energy applications.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins report that compounds designed to 'wake up' dormant HIV reservoirs have failed to work in laboratory tests of infected cells taken directly from patients. The failure challenges the idea that a single latency-reversing agent can uncover the hidden virus.
Researchers found that people with a rare chromosome abnormality have a 2,700-fold increased risk of a rare childhood leukemia. The fusion of chromosomes 15 and 21 led to chromothripsis, which shattered the chromosome and created an optimised genome for leukaemia.
SIR Foundation honors Ziv J Haskal with the Leaders in Innovation Award for his groundbreaking research in TIPS, dialysis access, and embolization procedures. The foundation also recognizes outstanding achievements in research and innovation among young investigators and residents.
James F. Benenati, a leading interventional radiologist and medical director at Baptist Cardiac & Vascular Institute, will deliver the opening plenary at SIR's Annual Scientific Meeting in San Diego. He has made significant contributions to the field through his research and training programs.
A retrospective cohort study of 7,431,858 patients found that bariatric surgery significantly reduces the risk of endometrial cancer. Bariatric surgery can lead to normal hormone levels, decreased inflammation, and improved overall health.
The Society of Interventional Radiology is recognizing three exceptional interventional radiologists, Michael D. Dake, Matthew A. Mauro, and Lenny K. Tan, for their outstanding contributions to the field. These physicians have demonstrated remarkable expertise in endovascular device development, vascular biology, and molecular imaging.
A new study by Rutgers University–Camden professor Naomi Marmorstein found that depression in early adolescence predicts obesity in late adolescence among female participants. Conversely, obesity in late adolescence predicts the onset of depression in early adulthood. The study suggests a reciprocal relationship between the two disorde...
Tropical Cyclone Gillian has re-formed just south of Java, Indonesia, with improved central convection and symmetric shape. The cyclone is expected to intensify to hurricane-force over the Southern Indian Ocean.
Researchers sequenced and analyzed genomes of listeriosis outbreak strains to reveal two distinct bacterial strains with different virulence profiles. The study highlights the importance of cleanliness in production and recalls for food safety.
A new study by UT Southwestern Medical Center found that people with an inherited mutated gene have a high chance of getting lung cancer, even without smoking. Women and those who have never smoked are mostly affected, with a one-in-three chance of developing the disease.
Research from The Netherlands found that extending national breast cancer screening programs to women aged 70 and over does not decrease advanced stage cancer detection, but rather increases early-stage tumors. This leads to a large proportion of women being over-treated and at risk from the harmful effects of treatment.
Researchers from Sichuan University found that glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) transfection promotes the neuronal differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. This enhancement is associated with increased expression of GDNF, nerve growth factor, and growth-associated protein-43. The study suggests a therape...
A new study suggests that playing as a black character in violent video games can lead to stronger explicit negative attitudes toward blacks and display stronger implicit attitudes linking blacks to weapons. White players who played as black avatars showed more aggressive behavior against partners, with 115% more hot sauce forced on them.
Researchers develop efficient method to study ring polymers, finding they behave differently from linear polymers due to lack of free ends. The method significantly reduces analysis time, revealing these materials are more fragile than expected.
A UK NHS Breast Screening Programme audit found significant variations in treatment for women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), resulting in adverse outcomes. The study revealed that some hospitals performed mastectomies on women who should have had lumpectomy, highlighting the need to improve multidisciplinary team discussions.
Researchers found that climate change is shrinking Antarctic Bottom Waters, a massive current that 'hides' heat and carbon from the atmosphere. This reduction in convection could lead to increased heat trapping in the deeper ocean, contributing to global warming.
A new method to tune topological insulators has been found, enhancing surface conduction by applying stress at grain boundaries. This discovery could lead to the development of ultra-energy efficient electronics.
During the last ice age, wind-borne dust carried iron to the Southern Ocean, driving plankton growth and removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This process, known as iron fertilization, is believed to have played a key role in amplifying the ice ages.
An international team of academics has identified a single bacteria as the cause of sepsis through genetic evidence. The study found that in most cases, a single pneumococcal cell was responsible for causing sepsis.
Researchers used a rat genomic gene-chip to profile hippocampal gene expression changes after electroacupuncture therapy. The results showed that electroacupuncture regulates the expression of specific genes involved in depression, including Vgf and Igf2. These findings suggest that electroacupuncture may be a useful treatment for depr...
Critical illness polyneuropathy and myopathy involve sensorimotor axons and skeletal muscles, respectively, differing from Guillain-Barré syndrome in clinical manifestations. The study highlights the importance of differentiating critical illness polyneuropathy/myopathy from Guillain-Barré syndrome.
A study published in Neurosurgery found that rats with diffuse axonal injury showed no significant abnormalities despite visible evidence of brain damage. This suggests that even subconcussive injury may lead to neuropathological changes, supporting concerns about long-term effects in humans.
Researchers identified salivary biomarkers associated with gingivitis, including PGE2 and IL-1. These findings have implications for personalized oral health care, suggesting potential discrimination between gingivitis and health through salivary biomarker analysis.
A computer system has been developed that can detect real or faked expressions of pain more accurately than people, with an 85% accuracy rate. The system uses pattern-recognition abilities to identify subtle differences between involuntary and voluntary facial movements.
A smart home system, developed by Tecnalia, monitors a person's habits and activities to detect early symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's. The system records data from various sensors and identifies changes in behavior, allowing for early diagnosis and improved patient care.
Scientists have solved the high-resolution structure of the molecular transporter TSPO, which introduces cholesterol into mitochondria. The detailed knowledge of its three-dimensional shape and function opens up new diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives.
Researchers at Lund University have discovered undestroyed cell nuclei and individual chromosomes in a well-preserved fern fossil from the Jurassic period. The unique preservation is attributed to the sudden burial of the plant in a volcanic eruption, providing valuable insights into ancient evolutionary stability.
Researchers successfully delivered adeno-associated virus serotype-5 (AAV-5) to the rat trigeminal ganglion, demonstrating transduction efficiency in sensory neurons. The study's findings support the use of AAV-5 based gene therapy approaches for evaluating target proteins and potential treatments for trigeminal pain disorders.
Researchers found a rare hereditary syndrome associated with a 31% risk of disease in never-smokers carrying the germline EGFR T790M mutation. The study highlights the need for increased surveillance and screening for affected carriers, regardless of smoking status.
The new material exhibits a high stability to weight ratio, surpassing that of steel and aluminum. It is produced through 3D laser lithography and has potential applications in insulation, shock absorption, and chemical industry filters.
Researchers developed polymorphonuclear leukocyte-derived novel pro-resolving medicines (NPRMs) to deliver a lipoxin A4 analog to the site of surgery, controlling inflammation and promoting tissue and bone growth. The mini-pig model revealed significant pocket depth reductions and new bone formation in NPRM+LXA4-treated sites.
Researchers used Drosophila flies to unravel the signalling mechanism involved in cell movement regulation. A new molecular component controls FGF expression, which is crucial for processes like embryonic development, wound healing and tumour invasion.
A UK study found that approximately one third of women are at higher risk of developing breast cancer and may require more frequent mammograms. Women with dense breast tissue were 2.9-fold more likely to develop breast cancer, highlighting the importance of personalized screening frequency.
Carbon markets are emerging at the state and global levels, teaching valuable lessons on what works and what doesn't in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Despite challenges, these markets have expanded to cover a substantial share of global emissions and encouraged modest reductions.
Researchers discovered that stem cells from a fatty fold of tissue, called the omentum, can help heal diseased kidneys when fused to the organs. This innovative approach uses the patient's own stem cells to treat chronic kidney disease, potentially alleviating the need for external cell sources.
A study published in GIE: Gastrointestinal Endoscopy found that cold snare polypectomy significantly reduces the risk of delayed bleeding in patients taking anticoagulants. The procedure outperformed conventional polypectomy in removing small colorectal polyps without causing significant harm to submucosal vessels.
Researchers found a connection between the DRD2 gene variant and everyday lapses in attention, including forgetfulness. The study suggests that individuals with this genetic variation are more likely to experience short-term memory lapses and distraction, which can have consequences in daily life.
Researchers at UC Davis successfully coax laboratory cultures of human stem cells into the specialized, unique cells needed to repair a patient's defective or diseased bladder. The breakthrough provides a pathway to regenerate replacement bladder tissue for patients whose bladders are too small or do not function properly.
A new report promotes REDD+ and Green Economy as a pathway to sustainable development, benefiting all nations. Forests are the foundation of sustainable societies, storing carbon, supporting biodiversity, regulating water flows, and reducing soil erosion.
Tropical System 94W is developing in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean, affecting the southern Philippines. The Philippine authorities have issued warnings due to signal No. 1 conditions, with sustained winds of 18.6-37.2 mph expected in at least 36 hours.
Researchers have found that preterm children are at an increased risk of general cognitive and math problems, particularly if born small-for-gestational-age. The study of 922 children aged 7-9 showed a significantly higher odds ratio for math impairment compared to term-born children.