NASA's MODIS instrument detects high temperatures indicative of fires in the southern United States, including small wildfires and prescribed burns. Prescribed fires offer numerous ecological benefits, such as reducing hazardous fuels and promoting tree growth.
Researchers develop acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) technology to overcome technical challenges in balloon-borne imaging. AOTFs enable flexible, compact, and low-power narrowband or hyperspectral imaging, suitable for various planetary science applications.
Researchers at TSRI have discovered a process that can catch unstable proteins before they form toxic clusters, reducing their secretion and aggregation. The approach targets the Unfolded Protein Response pathway and involves activating transcription factor ATF6 to increase protein folding and trafficking.
A recent study found that 43% of medicinal plants in Pakistan were naturally contaminated with toxins produced by moulds. The levels exceeded permissible limits in 70% of the samples, and 31% produced harmful toxins. This highlights a need for stricter regulation to protect people using herbal medicines.
Researchers identified CD44 as a potential marker to select patients unresponsive to Sorafenib, a common liver cancer treatment. Patients with a less differentiated mesenchymal phenotype expressing CD44 tend to resist Sorafenib's action, highlighting the need for alternative therapies.
A genetic variant once aiding Arctic survival now linked to increased risk of hypoglycemia in modern populations. Researchers analyzed genomes from Northern Siberians, Europeans, and East Asians, finding the CPT1A gene variant was prevalent in Northern Siberians but absent in other populations.
A Dartmouth study found that Diffuse Optical Spectroscopic Tomography (DOST) imaging can accurately predict which patients will respond well to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, enabling earlier and more effective treatment. This breakthrough could significantly improve disease-free survival rates for breast cancer patients.
A new series on homelessness in high-income countries highlights the alarming health risks faced by homeless individuals, including higher rates of tuberculosis and depression. The series also notes that despite an expansion of services, the risk of death among homeless people has remained similar over the past 20 years.
Researchers design manmade proteins with new structures, including central cavities, to enhance biological functions and create novel molecules. The discovery is part of the growing field of synthetic biology at the University of Bristol.
A new longitudinal study found that teens whose parents exerted more psychological control at age 13 had problems establishing friendships and romantic relationships with balanced closeness and independence. The study suggests that parents' use of psychological control can hinder teens' development of autonomy in relationships.
Researchers at Duke University have discovered a key gene that regulates the immune system's transition from high alert to recovery after an infection. The finding, published in PLOS Genetics, highlights the importance of cellular homeostasis in repairing tissue damage and eliminating bacterial toxins.
The study found that over-the-scope clip (OTSC) placement is a safe and effective therapy for closing gastrointestinal (GI) defects. Clinical success rates ranged from 90% for perforations to 73% for leaks, with successful closure of fistulae being less than half the patients.
A study by Penn State researchers found that subjective screening questions used in adolescent hearing screenings are unreliable and miss high-frequency hearing loss. Objective hearing tests were more effective, but refining them is necessary to accurately identify teenagers at risk for hearing loss.
A study by Worcester Polytechnic Institute found that paralyzed patients lose mechanical strength in their leg bones faster than expected, putting them at greater risk for fractures from minor stresses. Early therapies are crucial to maintain bone mass and strength.
Researchers at EMBL found that IGF-1 enhances T-reg cell production, suppressing auto-immune diseases like type-1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis. The molecule is already approved for use in patients, paving the way for clinical trials.
Cancer patients often use dietary supplements without telling their doctors, which can lead to unneeded risks. Researchers emphasize the importance of open communication between patient and doctor to create a personalized treatment plan based on reliable information.
MIT researchers have developed a new way to model the effects of genetic mutations in mice using CRISPR, enabling rapid analysis of genes linked with cancer growth. This approach fills a gap in understanding the role of cancer-gene candidates and offers new ways for personalized treatments.
A UCLA study found that patients with bladder cancer who did not receive optimal biopsies had a significantly higher risk of death from the disease. In fact, about half of patients' biopsies lacked sufficient material to accurately stage their cancer, leading to incorrect tumor staging and increased mortality rates.
Research at the University of Missouri discovered that thermal paper receipts from cash registers are a significant source of bisphenol A (BPA) in humans. The study found that subjects who handled thermal paper and then touched their faces or food experienced rapid BPA absorption, leading to high blood levels.
Research suggests that internalized weight bias negatively affects bariatric surgery outcomes, leading to decreased weight loss success. Patients with lower internalized weight bias experience greater weight loss success after surgery.
The Suomi NPP mission team successfully repositioned the satellite on September 30 to avoid a close approach with a debris object traveling at nearly 17,000 mph. The maneuver was planned after a high-risk assessment, and the team's quick action prevented potential catastrophic damage to the satellite.
Researchers observed large parties of chimpanzees foraging crops at night in maize fields of Kibale National Park, Uganda. Chimpanzees also presented few signs of vigilance and anxiety during nighttime crop-raids, indicating a high level of adaptability to human activities.
A consensus statement from leading clinicians and researchers recommends a systematic approach to evaluating youngsters with sudden onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms, including obsessive-compulsive disorder. The guidelines aim to clarify diagnostic boundaries, develop evaluation strategies, and identify urgently needed studies.
A University of Texas Arlington associate professor has been awarded a National Science Foundation grant to assess insider threats in financial institutions. The research aims to develop effective protection strategies using criminology theories and large-scale field data from two regional institutions.
Two patients with cardiac lymphoma presented with brain metastasis, highlighting the need for identifying prognostic factors that predict brain relapse. Cardiac lymphoma is a rare condition often overlooked due to its potential for central nervous system metastasis.
Researchers found that sediment concentrations in plumes from dredging or floods can delay clownfish larvae development by up to two weeks. This delay has a significant impact on adult populations as it increases the risk of mortality for young fish during their most vulnerable stage.
Researchers found that invasive seaweed provides shelter for native crustaceans, increasing their population by up to 100 times. Meanwhile, mature forests capture and stabilize excess nitrogen from human activities, providing an unappreciated service by storing it in soil.
The University of Houston researcher aims to produce high-efficiency, inexpensive thin film photovoltaics with a goal of achieving 24% efficiency and 20 cents per watt. His innovative approach utilizes roll-to-roll manufacturing technology to create solar cells on low-cost metal substrates.
TRMM satellite used to estimate rainfall rates from Hurricanes Fay and Gonzalo, generating areas with totals over 12 inches. Rainfall estimates developed at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center show maximum rainfall of 8 inches for Fay and 4-8 inches for Gonzalo
A study of 77 women who died during pregnancy or childbirth found no racial difference in the risk of pregnancy-related death, contrary to national trends. However, distance from the hospital was significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality, suggesting that differences in health care access may be a contributing factor.
A study by the University of Manchester and Liverpool John Moores University found that courts imposed excessive and arbitrary punishments during the 2011 English riots. The research suggests that both courts and law enforcement agencies were influenced by a desire to restore order, leading to a 'collective hysteria' approach.
Experts use drones to collect detailed information on environmental changes and their impact on the movement of people, animals, and insects that carry diseases. This helps researchers understand how land use changes affect human infection rates.
Researchers discovered that dendritic cells trigger lymph node expansion by producing CLEC-2, allowing immune cells to gather and launch an attack against infections and cancer. The study provides new insights into the immune system's role in diseases, including cancer.
A University of Colorado Cancer Center study found that vitamin D upregulates GDF-15, a gene suppressing inflammation in prostate tissue. This suggests vitamin D could be used to target NFkB, promoting tumor suppression.
Research at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center identified an unexpected link between the transcription factor FOXP2 and metastatic colonization of breast cancer. Silencing FOXP2 enables breast cancer cells to acquire malignant traits, facilitating their survival and proliferation.
Researchers have developed a system to detect and monitor dangerous Gram-negative bacteria in real-time using PET scans. The approach uses a chemical tracer that selectively tags specific types of bacteria, providing rapid feedback on how they respond to antibiotics.
A team of researchers has successfully recorded sight neurons in a jumping spider's brain for the first time. The study reveals that jumping spiders use different sets of eyes to process acuity and motion, requiring integration of inputs from multiple eyes in the brain.
Researchers at Bielefeld University and colleagues successfully cooled to minus 272.15 degrees Celsius using magnetic molecules, surpassing absolute zero. The discovery could provide an alternative to helium-based refrigerants and has implications for various applications such as transparent magnets and nano data memoires.
Researchers developed an automated system to track vaccine status of staff, sending reminders and allowing supervisors to access updates through the intranet. This system increased compliance by over 98% and reduced overtime hours for occupational health personnel by 56%.
Researchers found that progressive educational interventions can improve school entry academic skills and later educational outcomes, leading to a potential 5% increase in population-level academic achievement. The study suggests that pre-school education is crucial in setting children on the right path, with the potential to reduce so...
Researchers found that reduced mortgage payments of $150 a month led to decreased mortgage defaults, increased consumer spending on automobile purchases, and improved household credit ratings. Additionally, households applied most of the saved mortgage money towards reducing outstanding credit card debts.
Researchers at the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences have developed a new compact high-power laser that can create ultrashort pulses. The laser generates powerful femtosecond pulses that can penetrate long distances, allowing for real-time atmospheric pollution detection using LIDAR technology.
A team of scientists developed a mathematical model that explains how the brain maintains stability during learning, resolving a decades-old paradox. The model suggests that fast and slow changes in neuronal networks work together to achieve sensitivity and stability.
A study by UCSF researchers found that cardiac monitor alarm frequency and accuracy are crucial to improving patient safety. The study suggests that medical devices should focus on using all available ECG leads and provide prompts for optimal alarm settings.
Scientists have found intriguing zones of organic molecules shifted away from Titan's north and south poles, contradicting expectations. The discovery may provide insights into the complex chemistry of Titan's atmosphere and its potential connection to Earth's early atmosphere.
Researchers from the University of Southampton have discovered that feather shafts exhibit varying layer thickness and orientation according to flight style. This finding challenges previous assumptions about feather morphology and opens doors for innovative engineering applications.
Researchers found concentrated levels of ANK3, a gene linked to bipolar disorder risk, in nanodomain structures within brain synapses. This discovery could provide insight into the biology of bipolar disorder and potentially lead to new treatments.
Researchers have discovered a molecule, IGF-1, that can induce the production of T-reg cells, suppressing symptoms of autoimmune diseases. The findings confirm IGF-1's direct action on T-reg cells, making it a promising therapeutic option for conditions like type-1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis.
The New York Stem Cell Foundation has launched the largest-ever stem cell repository, offering over 600 induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell lines from diverse human subjects. The repository provides a vast resource for scientists to study various diseases, including type 1 diabetes, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis.
Researchers at NIST and MIT have developed two methods to measure the structure of block copolymers, essential for verifying computational models used in chip fabrication. These techniques can image defects in polymer structures and provide detailed data on patterning system performance.
Patients who received enhanced dental care were 56% less likely to develop a respiratory tract infection during their ICU stay. The study suggests that having a dentist provide weekly care as part of the ICU team may improve outcomes for vulnerable patients in this setting.
A study identified 181 California dams that may need increased water flows to protect native fish, with the top priority dams including Trinity Dam and New Melones Dam. The new tool provides a scientific basis for dam operators to prioritize management and reduce the risk of extinction for many native species.
Researchers at UTMB have discovered three small-molecule compounds that activate Bax and induce high levels of cell death in lung cancer cells without harming noncancerous tissues. These findings represent a new class of anticancer drugs with a unique therapeutic target for the treatment of cancers expressing Bax, including lung cancer.
A large international clinical trial has shown that current hospital protocols for managing blood pressure in stroke patients may not be effective. The ENOS trial found that early treatment with glyceryl trinitrate patches improved outcomes in patients who received treatment within 6 hours of symptom onset.
The study reveals two distinct families of exocomets in the Beta Pictoris system: old and recent ones. The old family has weak activity with low gas production rates, while the second family is more active and likely originates from a single object's breakup.
A new supplement in BJOG explores the potential of broad-spectrum prevention methods that can prevent unintended pregnancy and STIs, including HIV. The research highlights the need for funding to spur innovation and close gaps in development.
Researchers documented the care and release of over 840 and 480 hand-reared penguin chicks, with 91% and 73% released into the wild. Post-release survival rates were similar to naturally-reared birds, supporting the use of hand-rearing as a conservation tool.
A new skin patch has successfully detected malaria proteins in live mice, paving the way for a less painful and more accessible diagnostic method. The patch, designed by Simon R. Corrie's team, captures multiple biomarkers for diseases like malaria, which could lead to improved diagnosis and treatment.
Scientists have developed a new device that captures information about both temperature and crystal structure during extremely fast reactions in thin-film materials. This breakthrough will help researchers optimize the process of making advanced technologies, including state-of-the-art semiconductors.
A new vaccine is being developed to help smokers quit by blocking the physiological pleasure that nicotine elicits in the brain. The vaccine uses biodegradable nanoparticles to prevent nicotine molecules from entering the brain, reducing cravings and addiction.