A new study by Jonathan Marc Bearak reveals that the odds of unprotected intercourse in college hookups increase dramatically between freshman and senior year. The research suggests that lower socioeconomic students initially prioritize condom use but eventually adopt similar rates as their more advantaged peers.
A simple test called transcutaneous oximetry may predict which patients are most likely to experience wound-healing complications after surgery. Patients with lower oxygen levels before surgery were more likely to develop complications, highlighting the potential tool as a means of taking extra precautions.
A team led by Indiana University's Jay Lennon is exploring the role of dormancy in microbial diversity and its impact on ecosystem processes. The five-year project aims to understand how dormant microbes contribute to geographic patterns of diversity.
Researchers identified alpha-glycosylceramides as the activating molecules for natural killer T (NKT) cells, a crucial subset of immune cells. The discovery reveals a surprising link between mammalian immune systems and bacterial communication systems.
Researchers presented findings on North America's future fire threats and the role of humans in megafauna disappearance. Paleontological data is being used to inform studies of modern ecological processes and communities.
A study published in Cell Reports found that female fruit flies exhibit a preference for acetic acid, or vinegar, when carrying eggs due to sensory neurons detecting stretch in the reproductive tract. This behavior is linked to pregnancy and egg production, challenging previous assumptions about hormonal influences.
Hurricane Gonzalo remains a Category 4 hurricane with strong thunderstorms surrounding its cloud-free eye. The National Hurricane Center forecasts dangerous conditions in Bermuda, including hurricane-force winds and heavy rainfall.
Researchers at UCLA have made a significant breakthrough in treating bladder function in people with spinal cord injuries. They found that training and epidural stimulation enabled paralyzed rats to empty their bladders more fully and efficiently.
The study provides five key findings on the sun's atmosphere, including heat pockets of 200,000 degrees Fahrenheit and structures resembling mini-tornadoes. These discoveries help researchers better understand the sun's energy transfer and dynamic solar activity that impacts technological infrastructure in space and on Earth.
A new study published in the Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism found that diabetic men with low testosterone levels are more likely to develop severe atherosclerotic plaques and other cardiovascular markers. The research suggests a strong association between low testosterone concentration and the severi...
A new study found that older adults who feel comfortable with the aging process are more proactive in seeking preventive health care services. These individuals were more likely to undergo regular health screenings, such as cholesterol tests and mammograms, compared to those who were less satisfied with aging.
A new NASA study reconstructs North American drought history over the last 1,000 years and finds that the 1934 drought was the driest and most widespread of the past millennium. The drought was caused by a high-pressure system and dust storms, which suppressed rainfall and led to severe conditions across western North America.
Experts warn conventional US medical centers may struggle to manage Ebola due to lack of preparedness and training. Regional referral centers could help address the shortage of high-level biocontainment patient facilities.
Researchers have found that high-fat diets can lead to brain inflammation and heart disease in male laboratory mice but not in female counterparts. The study suggests sex-specific nutritional guidance is needed for effective obesity treatment.
Antibiotic-resistant staph bacteria can exchange nutrients with each other and even with normal microbes to increase virulence during an infection. This challenges existing dogma on infectious diseases and may inform new treatment strategies.
A UCSB geochemist used lead and helium isotope measurements to analyze Samoan volcanoes, finding evidence of a primordial component within the deep interior. The study revealed distinct chemical configurations and mixing relationships among four endmembers, providing new insights into Earth's mantle plume structure.
Astronomers have combined traditional method with reverse engineering to improve accuracy in measuring distant galaxies. They calculated a robust distance measurement using near-infrared and visible-light photos, estimating a redshift of 10 for the galaxy.
Scientists discovered the Midcontinent Rift evolved in three stages: a narrow crack, volcanic rock filling, and igneous rocks rising to surface. The rift's unique geology was formed by magma flowing into the developing crack and eventually creating a large igneous province.
Researchers found that 90% of misfolded protein aggregates form on the ER surface, dependent on active protein synthesis and ribosome activity. The aggregation is regulated by mitochondria, which play a key role in confining the aggregates to the mother cell during asymmetric cell division.
Researchers have devised equations to identify physical laws governing nail growth, shedding light on common nail problems like ingrown toenails. Daily poor trimming can tip the balance of nails, causing residual stress that leads to shape changes and potential serious conditions.
Researchers from around the world have successfully explained the formation and propagation of stellar jets emitted by young stars. The team used a patented experimental device and numerical simulations to demonstrate that interstellar magnetic fields play a key role in confining these jets, which can travel vast distances.
A new study in mice found that male and female brains respond to high-fat diets in remarkably different ways, with males experiencing greater inflammation and reduced cardiac function. The findings suggest that dietary advice should be made more sex-specific, with women allowed occasional high-fat meals and men advised to avoid them.
A recent study published in Anatomical Sciences Education reveals that cadaver-based instruction is more effective than computer simulation in teaching anatomy. Students who learned on cadavers scored up to 16% higher on identification and 11% higher on explanation compared to those who used digital technologies.
Astronomers use a cosmic magnifying glass to spot a tiny, faint galaxy more than 13 billion light-years away. The discovery provides insight into the early universe and suggests that small, faint galaxies existed about 500 million years after the big bang.
According to a recent editorial in Anaesthesia, pre-eclampsia may be caused by problems meeting the oxygen demands of the growing fetus. The condition can lead to serious health complications, including seizures, kidney failure, and haemorrhage.
Casp8 activity arose over 500 million years ago and is universally conserved throughout evolution. Key protein interactions between Casp8 and FADD are also observed across the animal kingdom, suggesting a vital cell death toolkit in animal evolution.
Washington State University researchers develop a new catalyst using inexpensive iron and rare palladium to remove oxygen from plant-based materials, improving biofuel production. The combination increases activity, stability, and selectivity, reducing costs and increasing yields.
The study identifies tiny differences in protein sequences between cancer cells and healthy tissue, enabling the creation of personalized vaccines. The research aims to improve treatment outcomes for patients with ovarian cancer, which often responds well to surgery and chemotherapy but returns lethally within a year or two.
A new study has uncovered a gene that affects blood cholesterol levels through the generation of a compound from omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, called lipoxins. Aspirin is also found to promote lipoxin production, leading to lower LDL cholesterol and increased HDL cholesterol.
Scientists have demonstrated a new type of mirror that reflects infrared light by using an unusual magnetic property of a non-metallic metamaterial. The nanoscale antennas on the surface capture and harness electromagnetic radiation, paving the way for exciting new applications in optoelectronic devices.
A pilot study found that S-equol supplements improved vaginal epithelium and reduced vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal Japanese women. The supplement showed a positive trend to superiority compared to the placebo group without significant abnormalities in vaginal cells or hormone levels.
A team of scientists from the University of Leicester has detected a curious signal in the X-ray sky that could be the first direct indication of dark matter. The signal appears to be consistent with the prediction of axions, particles believed to make up a significant portion of the universe's mass.
Researchers at VIMS will develop tools to identify vulnerable headwater wetlands and provide climate-adaptation strategies for conservation. The project uses historical tidal-marsh observations to build a comprehensive picture of resilience.
A new study published by The Endocrine Society reveals that resveratrol increased spinal bone density in men with metabolic syndrome and improved levels of the bone formation marker BAP. This finding suggests the compound's potential as an anti-osteoporosis drug, stimulating bone-forming cells within the body.
A new report by Rights and Resources Initiative sheds light on Asia Pulp and Paper's (APP) past failures to respect community land rights in China. The study found that APP's historic land acquisitions posed risks to the company's investments and operations, with significant challenges remaining to be addressed.
A new study by University of California, San Francisco researchers has discovered a rare population of immune cells associated with less severe cancer outcomes in humans. These 'good' cells, known as antigen-presenting CD103+ dendritic cells, are found in most tumors and may hold therapeutic potential.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis have developed a method to reverse optical loss and increase laser intensity by modulating loss in the system. By adding loss to a laser system, they achieved energy gains and demonstrated new nonlinear phenomena.
A new study by UCSF researchers found a significant association between sugared soda consumption and cell aging, as measured by telomere shortening in immune cells. The findings suggest that regular consumption of sugar-sweetened sodas may influence disease development through accelerated cellular aging.
New observations from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) suggest that miniature solar flares called 'nanoflares' could be partly responsible for heating the Sun's million-degree corona. High-energy electrons generated by these nanoflares may deposit energy in the plasma, leading to coronal heating.
Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology have designed a material that manipulates the Cherenkov cone to distinguish between common and rare particles. The material uses transformation optics to create distinct light cones for particles with high momentum, making it possible to efficiently separate and identify these particles.
A new computational model developed at Princeton University may help understand tumor dormancy, a phenomenon that can last up to 25 years in pancreatic cancer. The model predicts that tumors are likely to grow rapidly when the number of dividing cells reaches a certain critical level.
A novel RNAi-based therapy has shown promising results in treating anemia by stimulating the liver to produce erythropoietin (EPO). The treatment targets the EGLN1 gene, leading to increased EPO and hemoglobin levels. This breakthrough could provide a safer alternative to current recombinant human EPO treatments.
Researchers discovered that male nematode brains suppress food-seeking behavior to focus on finding a mate. This study sheds light on how subtle changes in brain circuitry dictate differences in behavior between males and females.
Tropical Storm Ana is expected to intensify and impact the Hawaiian Islands, causing life-threatening flash floods and mudslides. The storm may produce large swells and damaging surf along exposed shorelines.
A study reveals that disrupting daily rhythms of gut microbes due to jet lag can cause obesity and metabolic issues. This disruption leads to changes in the microbial community, favoring bacteria linked to obesity and metabolic disease.
Researchers at Children's Hospital Los Angeles developed a tissue-engineering technique to grow an entire esophagus from human cells on a biodegradable scaffold. This breakthrough may lead to new treatments for children born with missing portions of the organ, as well as patients who have had esophageal cancer or damaged tissue.
Scientists at VIB and Ghent University have developed a promising vaccination strategy to counteract Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infections. The new vaccine candidate uses a novel approach, stimulating macrophages to selectively eliminate infected cells, providing protection in lab animals.
The Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft is establishing nine new Research Units to tackle pressing issues in their respective fields. The units will focus on topics such as needs-based distribution, academic learning, photonic networks, gravity waves, and synaptic plasticity.
Researchers used high-density EEG and graph theory to study brain networks in vegetative state patients, finding preserved networks similar to those in healthy adults. This could help identify patients aware despite being uncommunicative, improving clinical assessment and prognosis.
Researchers have discovered that a previously known protein plays a crucial role in determining the form and function of plant cells by influencing their architecture. GCP-WD, a protein found in plants, is also essential for positioning microtubules and organizing cell skeletons.
Researchers identify two microRNAs that suppress NB domain genes in resistant tomato cultivar Motelle, allowing it to fight off the wilting fungus. The findings shed light on the molecular basis of plant immunity and suggest a new approach for breeding disease-resistant crops.
White-footed sportive lemurs use scent-marks in latrines to maintain contact with family members and inform intruders of a male's presence. The study found that males visited latrines more often during nights when an intruder invaded the territory, promoting social bonding among group members.
The study will evaluate the benefits of genetic testing to guide medication decisions for patients with depression or schizophrenia, including clinical outcomes and cost benefits. The research aims to provide personalized treatment recommendations tailored to individual patient genetics.
Astronomers using Cassini data infer the presence of a potentially rugby ball-shaped rocky core or sloshing sub-surface ocean in Mimas. The moon's unusual wobble reveals surface displacement of up to 6 kilometers, contradicting predictions of uniform interior structure.
Mg-ion batteries may provide improved safety and cost, but their development has been hindered by misconceptions. New findings from Berkeley Lab's Joint Center for Energy Storage Research suggest that multivalent ions like Mg can still move through electrolytes more efficiently than thought.
A new supplement to the American Journal of Preventive Medicine addresses the need for a more effective public health workforce in the 21st century. Key findings include the importance of clear definitions of public health workforce challenges and the role of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) in workforce development.
A recent study found that a higher overall diet quality was associated with a lower risk of mortality among ovarian cancer survivors. The composite effect of healthy dietary choices on survival suggests that individual components may not be as crucial as previously thought.
A study recommends ongoing assessment of offshore wind farm impacts on marine species, particularly sound emissions and behavioral responses. The researchers suggest targeted data collection to inform regulatory decisions, minimizing negative environmental impacts.
A study published in The American Journal of Pathology suggests that matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) plays a pivotal role in disrupting the brain/spinal cord barrier, cell death, and functional deficits after spinal cord injury (SCI). Mice deficient in MMP-3 showed improved functional recovery and smaller volumes of injured tissue.
Researchers discovered two microRNA molecules that control chronic inflammation, with one promoting and the other preventing the condition. The study sheds light on the role of T follicular helper cells in chronic inflammation and offers hope for preventive measures.