Two leading public health scholars, Sandro Galea and Ronald Bayer, warn that the US emphasis on precision medicine may distract from broader investments to reduce health inequities and address social factors. They cite a 2013 report by the National Research Council and the Institute of Medicine, which found that health is determined by...
A study by the University of Utah Health found that households with children are more likely to experience viral infections throughout the year. On average, people in childless households were infected for 3-4 weeks, while those with one child were infected for 18 weeks, and those with six children were infected for up to 45 weeks.
Tropical Storm Guillermo is forecasted to bring strong winds and heavy rainfall to the Hawaiian Islands. NASA's Terra satellite and RapidScat instrument provided critical data on the storm's wind patterns, revealing strongest winds on the northern and eastern sides.
The Royal Tyrrell Museum's 30-year anniversary is celebrated with a special edition of Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, featuring research papers on Alberta's geology and palaeontology. The journal recognizes the museum's contributions to understanding life on Earth.
A new performance capture method developed at Disney Research captures facial features in high resolution, including wrinkles, and operates in real-time with a single video camera. This allows for realistic virtual characters and improved emotional expression conveyance.
A recent study found that endoscopes can harbor residual contamination and viable microbes even after thorough cleaning and disinfecting. The study tested 60 encounters with 15 colonoscopes and gastroscopes, detecting contamination on 92% of devices after bedside cleaning.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University developed a computer-based method to predict hospital patients at risk of septic shock with 85% accuracy. The Targeted Real-time Early Warning Score (TREWScore) combines 27 factors into a predictive score, detecting septic shock before organ dysfunction in over two-thirds of cases.
A telephone-based cognitive behavioral therapy significantly reduced symptoms of worry, generalized anxiety disorder, and depression in rural older adults. The therapy was more effective than a non-directive supportive therapy approach in improving overall mental health outcomes.
A recent study found that current smokers who experience early menopause can expect to die 2.6 years earlier than those with a later age at menopause. The study also revealed that women with late menopause were more likely to be nonsmokers and use hormone therapy.
Researchers at Rice University have developed a way to mimic the conditions under which cancer tumors grow in bones, enabling more accurate testing of cancer-fighting drugs. The study found that bone tumors exposed to normal forces express more of a protein called IGF-1 than detected in static cultures.
Scientists have found possible cancer markers in neural crest cells, a discovery that may lead to better diagnosis and treatment of brain and skin cancers. The research uses repetitive DNA sequences to identify potential genomic changes associated with cancer development.
A study published in Neuron found that stress can alter brain connections to impair self-control, particularly when faced with tempting food choices. Researchers discovered that individuals who experienced moderate stress were more likely to choose unhealthy options, and their brains showed altered patterns of connectivity.
Typhoon Soudelor was characterized by intense rainfall and towering thunderstorms. NASA satellites detected sustained winds of up to 121 mph near the storm's center.
A recent study published in JAMA Surgery found that patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy experienced significant weight regain and a decrease in remission rates for type 2 diabetes and other obesity-related disorders over time. The study collected data from 443 patients who underwent the procedure between 2006 and 201...
Researchers at the University of York found that our colour perception changes between seasons and is influenced by environmental factors. The study revealed that unique yellow remains stable across large populations despite individual differences in eye biology.
A recent study has identified a face-selective region in the temporal cortex of dogs, which responds significantly to human and dog faces. The research suggests that this ability is hard-wired through cognitive evolution and may help explain dogs' sensitivity to human social cues.
A study by Rutgers marine biologist Malin Pinsky found that fast-growing fish species are more likely to experience dramatic population declines than slower-growing ones. Overfishing and climate variability were identified as major culprits, with some species collapsing to less than 10% of their historical levels.
The Journal of Endovascular Therapy publishes the latest update to TASC II guidelines for managing peripheral arterial disease (PAD), emphasizing an endovascular-first approach and expanded lesion classification. The updated guidelines address treatment decisions for complex anatomies and critical limb ischemia.
Despite decreases in homicide and assault rates, the US experiences over 16,000 homicides and 1.6 million nonfatal assaults annually; effective prevention strategies include parent and family-focused programs and early childhood education.
A new study found that bariatric surgeries alter the gut microbiome in ways that last for at least a decade, leading to sustained weight loss and improved metabolic health. The changes are specific to the surgery and not just a reflection of weight loss alone.
Researchers found that riding a horse increases the body's stress hormones and heart rate compared to simulator-based training, indicating a more complex movement experience for riders. This suggests that simulators could be an excellent preparation for beginners but may not fully replace traditional horseback riding.
Researchers at Texas A&M AgriLife Research have discovered a natural cocktail of four bacteriophages that can prevent and treat Pierce's disease in wine grapes. The phage treatment offers an alternative to pesticides for disease control, with promising results in both greenhouse experiments and field testing.
A recent study found that Medicaid dental coverage does not reduce emergency room visits for nontraumatic dental conditions in urban areas. Despite an adequate supply of dentists, patients struggle to find providers who accept Medicaid, leading to increased ER use.
A new Cancer Research UK study reveals that England's cancer survival rates remain lower than those of countries with similar healthcare systems, despite steady improvements. The study found five-year survival from breast cancer improved more in England than in four leading countries, but overall cancer survival was lowest in England.
Researchers found that wild bonobos produce a call type called 'peep' across various emotional states and situations, showing contextual flexibility. This ability has evolutionary roots that predate the emergence of human language, suggesting an early transition from fixed vocal signalling towards functional flexibility.
A randomized trial found that mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy resulted in greater improvement in self-reported PTSD symptom severity compared to present-centered group therapy. The study suggests that this type of intervention may be an acceptable alternative for veterans with poor adherence to existing treatments.
CU researchers call for improved firearm safety counseling by physicians, emphasizing respectful dialogue and cultural competence. They argue that physicians should reconsider their approach to discussing firearm safety with patients, acknowledging the diverse perspectives of gun owners.
Researchers from Concordia University and the University of Tennessee found that preserving natural habitats is crucial for maintaining bat populations. The study analyzed data from 9,552 hours of bat call recordings and found that bats need natural habitats to survive, even in highly modified agricultural landscapes.
Researchers found four common bee parasites dispersed via flowers, causing diseases such as lethargy, dysentery, and colony collapse. The study suggests planting more flowers can provide bees with options, reducing parasite spread.
Super Typhoon Soudelor has reached Category 5 status on the Saffir-Simpson Wind Scale, with sustained winds of near 155mph and a 12-nautical-mile-wide eye. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center predicts the storm to maintain its intensity for another 24 hours.
A modeling study predicts treating hypertension in China could prevent between 600,000 and 1,000,000 cardiovascular disease events annually. The intervention is projected to be borderline cost-effective, with costs ranging from $10,000 to $18,000 per quality-adjusted life year gained.
The current sequential election system results in the highest probability that the Condorcet winner is elected and the highest expected quality of the nominee. Sequential primaries allow voters to narrow down the field of contenders, avoiding vote-splitting among similar candidates.
A University of Exeter review highlights the dangers of relying on climate-based projections for crop pest distributions. Crop pests like the Colorado potato beetle have evolved rapidly to evade predictions, making it challenging to predict their future spread.
Joo H. Kim, an assistant professor at NYU Polytechnic School of Engineering, receives the 2015 Freudenstein/General Motors Young Investigator Award for advancing study on energy expenditure in robotic systems. His research focuses on developing systems to measure and analyze with unprecedented accuracy the energy expenditure of robots.
Researchers from Cardiff University identified a process in the brain that can help rescue lost memories or bury bad ones. They found that strong reminders can recover memories previously thought to be lost in rats.
Researchers from INSERM have successfully induced totipotent cells, capable of producing an entire embryo and placenta, in collaboration with the Max Planck Institute. The team discovered that down-regulating a protein complex called CAF1 leads to chromatin reprogramming into a less condensed state.
Researchers discovered insulin delivered via nasal cavity reaches affected brain areas, improving memory in a mouse model. The study suggests potential future treatments using gastrointestinal hormones like insulin to combat Alzheimer's disease.
A new study published in the Journal of Consumer Psychology reveals that remembering self-control failures can actually lead to repeated failure, rather than improved decision-making. The research found that recalling past successes is more effective in improving self-control, while recalling failures has a negative impact.
Researchers developed an animal model that replicates the imbalance of gut bacteria associated with malnutrition, a disease responsible for one-fifth of child deaths worldwide. The model will enable testing of treatments and understanding how malnutrition impacts cognitive development and growth.
Researchers at UC Berkeley's Haas School of Business used fMRI to test the association of human-like characteristics with brands. They found that brain activity could predict survey responses, validating customer insights. This study aims to close the gap between neuroscience and marketing research.
Researchers have designed a new device that can convert a DC electric field into a tunable source of terahertz radiation. The device exploits surface plasmon resonance in hybrid semiconductors to produce coherent terahertz emission, with potential applications in medical imaging and security.
Researchers from the University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix conducted a study on osteopathic manipulative therapy (OMT) in an in vitro setting. The results showed that OMT had profound effects on cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, and cytokine production.
Researchers developed a novel surface structure with gradient features to control droplet bouncing, enabling anti-icing capabilities for various applications. The new surface design prevents ice formation and reduces the contact time between droplets and surfaces.
Researchers discovered that male wolf spiders can learn to associate visual cues of rival males with female presence, allowing them to adapt their courtship behavior. This complex learning process sheds light on the importance of eavesdropping in animal behavior and its potential applications in understanding human physiology.
Regular exercise in adolescence is associated with a reduced risk of cancer and all-cause mortality in women. Participation in team sports during the teen years also shows a protective effect against cancer death later in life. The study suggests that promoting exercise participation in adolescence could have important public health im...
Researchers found antidepressants during pregnancy lowered the risk of preterm birth by 16% and very preterm birth by nearly 50%. However, they also increased the risk of neonatal problems, including breathing issues and longer hospital stays.
A new study found that mothers limit their partner's involvement in child-rearing when they perceive a less stable relationship or lower confidence in parenting. Mothers who are perfectionists or anxious/depressed also tend to restrict fathers' involvement.
A five-year grant is funding research into strategies to help older adults prevent or reverse typical age-related cognitive decline. Researchers will recruit 580 people over 65 with significant memory problems but no dementia, and evaluate their progress with cognitive tests and MRI scans.
Researchers found that nearly 25% of female sex workers entered the sex trade before age 18, and six percent tested positive for HIV. Adolescents were more likely to experience violence, have multiple clients per day, and not use condoms, increasing their risk of infection.
Researchers at Rice University have identified a genetic mechanism that enables bacteria to become more resistant to antibiotics while also spreading their resistance rapidly. The discovery highlights the need for new strategies to predict and prevent the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, potentially halting or slowing down t...
Seagrasses can protect themselves from toxic sulphide by creating an oxygen shield around their roots and converting it into beneficial nutrients. However, seagrasses cannot tolerate sulphide under all circumstances, especially when stressed, leading to loss of detoxification ability and death.
Researchers at University College London developed a novel AI approach to predict fine wine prices more accurately, outperforming traditional methods by 15% on average. The new method uses machine learning to learn relevant information from data and improve predictive accuracy.
Researchers found that wild bonobos use high-pitched 'peep' calls in various contexts, including positive and negative situations, echoing human infant vocalisations. The study suggests an evolutionary transition from functionally fixed animal vocalisations to human-like communication.
A study of 408 teenage males found that chronic marijuana use was not linked to later physical or mental health issues such as depression, psychotic symptoms or asthma. The researchers controlled for other factors that could have influenced the findings, including cigarette smoking and access to health insurance.
The new guidelines offer evidence-based recommendations for optimal temperature management during cardiopulmonary bypass, including cooling and rewarming rates. The guidelines aim to improve understanding of the relationship between temperature management and clinical outcomes, particularly its impact on brain function.
Researchers have discovered that white fat can be transformed into a form resembling brown fat, increasing metabolic rate and lowering blood glucose levels. This finding has significant implications for the treatment of complications associated with obesity and sedentary lifestyle.
A study in northern Mexican cities found that over a quarter of female sex workers entered the sex trade as minors, increasing their risk for HIV infection and violence. Those entering at an adolescent age were more likely to experience these risks compared to those who entered as adults.
A new study suggests that the NCAA's lack of regulation on full-contact practices comes at a 'high' cost to college players. Researchers found that subconcussive head impacts increased with padding levels, emphasizing the need for changes to reduce head injuries.
Researchers found that precariously balanced rocks near the San Andreas Fault have survived due to interactions between the faults, which weakened ground shaking. This discovery could change how engineers plan for future earthquakes in the region, considering a broader impact of ruptures along both faults.
Researchers identify two transcription factors that regulate lipid accumulation in stressed algae, enabling sustainable fuels production. The study also demonstrates a strategy for overexpressing PSR1 to trick cells into producing lipids without dying.