The Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings will exhibit at the AAAS 2016 Annual Meeting in Washington, D.C., bringing together Nobel laureates and young scientists. The event highlights global science engagement and intergenerational dialogue, with a focus on physics and its latest breakthroughs.
Researchers have discovered a unique application for an FDA-approved drug in treating cocaine dependence. The drug, Byetta, regulates feeding behavior and reduces cocaine self-administration when activated in the brain's reward region. Further studies aim to understand the brain's pathways involved in addiction.
Researchers at University College London have discovered a protein that drives chronic pain and offer a promising new treatment target. Inhibiting this protein substantially alleviated chronic pain in genetically modified mice with nerve damage and arthritic joints.
A recent study published in JAMA Internal Medicine found that remote telemonitoring did not significantly reduce all-cause 180-day hospital readmissions among heart failure patients. Despite this, the intervention group reported improved quality of life at 180-days compared to usual care patients.
Researchers have developed a method to halt stem cell growth using soft hydrogels that mimic the natural protective layer of mucus. This process, inspired by embryonic diapause in certain mammals, allows for easy storage and shipment of stem cells.
Researchers at PTB have developed an optical lattice clock with neutral strontium atoms, achieving the best stability worldwide thanks to a newly designed laser system. The clock has reached a fractional frequency instability of 8 E-17 and attains the quantum projection noise limit with as few as 130 atoms.
Researchers have developed a new method to obtain high-resolution molecular images using continuous diffraction patterns in imperfect crystals. This approach allows for better structural detail and could revolutionize the study of complex biological machinery, including photosynthesis and catalysis.
A new study reveals that prelinguistic infants (5-7 months) exhibit brain activity in response to color categories, indicating an innate ability to categorize colors. This finding suggests that color perception is independent of language and can develop independently of linguistic acquisition.
Researchers developed a mouse model to study the effects of abnormal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels on lung development. The study found that reduced VEGF signaling can 'turn on' lung disease, even in full-term animals, and replicate key features of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.
Age-related inflammation drives metaplasia in flies, causing changes in gut tissue and gut bacteria. Inhibiting this pathway prevents abnormal changes, maintains a healthy commensal population, and extends lifespan by up to 18%.
A study found that weather patterns typically bringing moisture to the southwestern US are becoming less frequent, leading to a drier climate. The region is already vulnerable to drought, and this shift has significant implications for water resources.
The four empty lots in Chicago's South Side have poor-quality soils with high alkaline levels and excess chemicals, including lead and heavy metals. Soil testing is crucial to determine the extent of contamination and guide remediation efforts.
A recent study has uncovered 9 additional genetic mutations associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer, bringing the total to 11. Researchers found that 18% of women with ovarian cancer carried these mutations.
Researchers at UT Austin found that a type of cancer in children grows only when signaled by nearby noncancerous cells. This discovery contributes to the growing field of environmental research on cancer spread and holds promise for new, less toxic treatments.
The BMJ and UCSF have developed an e-learning program called Research to Publication, which offers a comprehensive range of 48 online modules focused on clinical and public health research. The program aims to empower early career researchers and institutions in developing countries to build their research capacity.
Researchers found reptiles and amphibians to be a crucial high-value food source for whooping cranes, particularly during spring nesting season. This adaptability suggests the birds have an increased chance for survival in human-modified environments.
UPMC's PreCISE-Rx program uses pharmacogenomics to individualize patient treatments, targeting the right drug for each patient based on their genes. The goal is to reduce hospital readmissions and recurrent illness while improving treatment outcomes.
A combination of mental and physical training reduced depressive symptoms in students with major depressive disorder. The study found that individuals experienced fewer negative thoughts and improved focus after just eight weeks of MAP training. This innovative approach offers a low-cost solution for depression treatment.
Researchers discovered what causes stability of various compounds not commonly found in textbook chemistry by reorganizing chemical interactions. The study published in Physical Chemistry & Chemical Physics suggests new model and principles for stability of forbidden substances.
A UBC-led international collaboration found that beliefs about all-knowing gods that punish for wrongdoing can foster co-operation among people, contributing to the development of complex social organizations like states. The study showed that believers in such gods are more likely to behave fairly towards distant 'co-religionists',
Gun violence claims thousands of lives in the US annually, with experts arguing that a public health approach is needed to address the issue. The 1997 funding freeze has hindered research into gun policies and safety, but experts propose steps such as tracking gun ownership and improving community training.
Researchers found computerized cognitive rehabilitation significantly improves attention and executive functioning in TBI and stroke patients, with trends toward significance also observed. The treatment can reduce wait time and cost, improve quality of life and reduce caregiver burden.
A team of scientists has developed a colorless, non-toxic ink for use in inkjet printers, inspired by the nanostructure of squid skin for natural camouflage. The ink, made from titanium dioxide, can be deposited on various surfaces without high-temperature fixing and does not fade from UV exposure.
Researchers measured trap-jaw ant speed in high-speed cameras, finding species range from 19.5 to 41.5 strikes per second, with Odontomachus brunneus recording the fastest recorded speed. Understanding antennal boxing can inform our understanding of ant sociology and behavior.
The National Park Service will present its centennial year science vision, including research on climate change, biodiversity, and conservation. The annual meeting features lectures, symposia, and public exhibits showcasing the unique value of national parks as scientific assets.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory used a Linac Coherent Light Source to observe xenon nanoparticles in extreme environments, capturing their dynamics over time. The technique allows for high-resolution imaging of materials in the gas phase, with implications for studying aerosols and combustion.
Scientists used clam shells to calculate that methane had persisted for approximately a thousand years at a specific site in the Arctic Ocean. This finding provides insight into the duration of ancient methane seeps and their impact on the environment.
New research from the University of Missouri suggests that biculturalism is linked to higher self-esteem and prosocial tendencies in Mexican-American youth. This positive association allows them to maintain connection with both their culture of origin and mainstream American culture.
Researchers found that 56% of elective resections for uncomplicated diverticulitis occurred after fewer than 3 episodes, suggesting a need for further investigation into appropriate care guidelines. The study included 87,461 patients and analyzed inpatient, outpatient, and antibiotic claims.
New research from the University of Chicago Booth School of Business suggests that people are more likely to opt for inferior gifts if it maximizes overall benefits for themselves and their loved ones. In a series of experiments, researchers found that participants prioritized total benefits over selflessness when making decisions abou...
A new study cautions that exceeding critical temperature limits in the Southern Ocean could lead to the collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, posing a significant threat to sea levels. Meanwhile, advancements in climate model development aim to improve forecast accuracy and speed up decision-making.
A study published in JAMA Surgery found that gastric bypass surgery significantly reduced mortality rates in patients aged older than 35 years. The lack of mortality benefit for younger patients was attributed to a higher number of externally caused deaths, mainly among women.
A University of Illinois researcher identified four distinct approaches that dating couples use to develop deeper commitment. Dramatic daters experience wild swings in commitment levels due to negative events, while partner-focused couples prioritize mutual involvement and conscientiousness. Conflict-ridden couples face tension between...
Scientists from PTB reduce the measurement uncertainty of their ytterbium clock to 3 E-18, exceeding predictions by Hans Dehmelt in 1981. The achievement showcases the accuracy and stability of optical atomic clocks.
Researchers discovered that Atlantic molly fish have a two-pronged approach to survival: becoming inert to toxins and detoxifying hydrogen sulfide more efficiently. This allows them to thrive in water with high levels of hydrogen sulfide, which is toxic to most forms of life.
The interaction of water and magma can dramatically increase the explosivity of a volcanic eruption, producing billowing clouds that deposit tephra as fine-grained ash within 10 km of the vent area. The study of the 2008 Okmok eruption in Alaska provides insights into water-magma interactions and their impact on eruption parameters.
A new study by the University of Toronto found that individuals with schizophrenia have a lifetime prevalence of 39.2% for suicide attempts, compared to 2.8% of those without the disorder. Those who experienced childhood physical abuse were five times more likely to attempt suicide.
Red raspberries contain essential nutrients like vitamin C and fiber, which may help reduce the risk of metabolically-based chronic diseases. The polyphenolic components in red raspberries have been shown to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, making them a promising food for heart health and brain function.
Researchers from Spain and Italy have identified the source of ancient Roman marble using microscopic and geochemical techniques. The study found that the marble came from quarries in Turkey and Greece, with variations in crystal size, manganese content, and isotopes providing key clues.
Researchers developed AI software to teach a quadrocopter to autonomously recognize and follow forest trails. The drone was able to find the correct direction in 85% of cases, outperforming humans who guessed correctly 82% of the time. This breakthrough enables drones to complement rescue teams and accelerate searches for missing people.
Leading global health bodies, including academic journals and NGOs, have pledged to share data on the Zika crisis. The declaration aims to facilitate a rapid global response and promote open science in public health emergencies.
Researchers have devised several lipid-based diets aimed at slowing down progression and relieving symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. These diets, such as the Fortasyn diet enriched with fish oil, have been shown to increase density of muscarinic receptors and cholinergic synapses in the hippocampus.
Researchers at Tufts University have discovered the bioelectric mechanism behind craniofacial defects in Andersen-Tawil syndrome, a rare genetic disorder. The finding may also shed light on fetal alcohol syndrome and other conditions.
Research reveals that chronic drinking also promotes the growth of gut bacteria that can travel to the liver and exacerbate liver disease. The study found that boosting intestinal defense against certain bacteria may help patients with alcoholic liver disease.
A new study based on the Framingham Heart Study data reveals a progressive decline in dementia incidence over nearly 40 years, with a 20% reduction per decade since the 1970s. The decline was more pronounced in persons with high school education and above, suggesting the importance of effective prevention strategies.
Researchers found that dairy farm waste treated with an advanced anaerobic digestion system still contained high levels of estrogens and antibiotics, which can harm wildlife and contribute to antibiotic resistance. The study highlights the need for improved treatment techniques to remove these chemicals from waste.
A study by SF State researchers found that individuals experiencing anger, contempt and disgust are more likely to act aggressively towards those they disagree with. The study suggests that identifying the specific emotional mix that leads to aggression can help prevent hostile behavior.
Researchers explore internal and social behavior, using mathematical tools to analyze brain activity. The study reveals a substance that influences financial decisions, highlighting the need for guiding rules in brain function.
A new study finds that pregnancy can reduce PTSD symptoms in some women, while exacerbating them in others. Women who suffered a new stress or trauma during pregnancy and had anxiety about giving birth were at highest risk of worsening symptoms.
Researchers studied droplet behavior on different coatings to optimize industrial processes like plastic extrusion. The study found that boundary layer velocity influences the flow behavior of small droplets, and atomic-scale surface modifications can alter molecular velocities.
Penguin parents' fixed division of labor makes them vulnerable to climate change, as they cannot adapt to food shortages. Sharing roles could provide up to 34.5% more feeds for chicks, but it's a complex strategy due to the smaller, less aggressive females' limitations.
A report published in Annals of Internal Medicine describes the first known case of Zika virus in a US resident following travel to Costa Rica. The traveler exhibited symptoms and had test results that indicated Zika infection, highlighting the need for travelers to avoid day-biting mosquitoes.
ASTRO-H will observe X-ray sources like galaxy clusters and neutron stars up to 10 times fainter than its predecessor Suzaku. The observatory uses four co-aligned focusing X-ray telescopes and cutting-edge instruments to provide simultaneous coverage across its entire energy range.
A PLOS ONE study found that inhibitory control affects physical problem-solving in pet dogs. The ability to 'wait-for-treat' was identified as a key factor in their problem-solving performance.
Infants as young as a few months can understand the physical properties of liquids, including loose cohesiveness and changes in shape with movement. This 'naïve physics' knowledge is evident even when faced with unexpected behaviors, such as liquids getting trapped on grids or solids passing through them.
A team from Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München has discovered that the enzyme Dicer promotes the development of atherosclerosis by activating endothelial cells. Inhibition of Dicer using a specific microRNA reduces inflammation and atherosclerotic plaque formation.
The new UK alcohol guidelines are unlikely to have a direct impact on drinking, but they do raise awareness of harm. The guidelines present novel information on the link between alcohol and cancer, leading to increased online searches for related terms.
A study found a direct correlation between poor fitness and reduced brain volume decades later, indicating accelerated brain aging. Participants with higher blood pressure and heart rate responses during exercise were more likely to have smaller brain volumes.
Pathogens and Immunity, an online, open-access journal, simplifies the submission and review process, reducing it from one day to five minutes. Senior editors at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine revise biomedical publications standards in immunology and infectious diseases.
A new study found that marijuana use among US adults increased by about 20% over the last decade, but problems related to the drug remained steady. The study's findings contradict previous reports of a doubling in marijuana use and its associated disorders.