Research suggests excessive bacterial growth in small intestine may be causing malnutrition and stunting in children living in low-income countries. A study of 103 2-year-old children in Bangladesh found that one in six showed signs of small intestine bacterial overgrowth, which was associated with gut inflammation and stunted growth.
A Johns Hopkins Medicine study found that African children with stunted growth had lower levels of essential amino acids and other protein markers compared to non-stunted children. This challenges the widespread assumption that children in developing countries are receiving adequate protein, highlighting the need for improved diets.
Research suggests that medical students benefit from more hands-on training and responsibility, and assessments of their clinical capabilities need improvement. The study recommends greater emphasis on undergraduate clinical placements and postgraduate supervision to enhance medical education.
Researchers are racing to understand and mitigate the degradation of major river deltas worldwide, primarily caused by human activities such as damming, groundwater extraction, and agriculture. The study highlights that more than two-thirds of the world's 33 major deltas are sinking at an alarming rate.
A new practical manual provides guidance on combining euthanasia with organ donation after death, addressing medical and logistical aspects within Dutch law. The manual aims to educate healthcare professionals about this real option, enabling them to follow proper steps.
A team of scientists from Singapore and France has revealed the underlying mechanism for the formation and growth of epithelial tubes. They found that the shape and size of these tubes are governed by mechanical forces arising from cell interaction with the extracellular matrix, influencing lumen morphology and elongation direction.
A study of 399 participants found an association between higher mindfulness scores and healthier glucose levels. The researchers identified obesity risk and sense of control as potential mediators of this link, with mindful individuals being less likely to be obese and more likely to believe they can change their lives.
Research reveals FASD impacts on children's behavior, including internalizing (anxiety, withdrawal) and externalizing (aggression, delinquency) problems, as well as social skills, thought processing, and attention issues.
A study by Aarhus University explores what happens to sibling relationships when parents get divorced and find new partners. The research reveals that children have different experiences depending on whether they live in multiple homes or traditional families.
A study in Swaziland found that implementing Option B+ greatly increased the number of women initiating antiretroviral therapy and improved ART coverage among pregnant women. However, retention in care postpartum was low and no better under Option B+ than previous approaches.
The study confirms 13,000 previously mapped SNPs and newly maps 2,190 unique SNPs to improve drought tolerance, greenbug and wheat curl mite resistance. The research aims to develop high-yielding wheat varieties with improved resilience to stressors across different climates.
Researchers found that physical activity among children is lower in autumn and winter compared to spring and summer. The study highlights the need for increased active opportunities during the colder months to support children's health and development.
Two investigational vaccines against Ebola virus disease induced an immune response among 1,000 participants in the Phase 2 PREVAIL I trial. The cAd3-EBOZ and rVSV-ZEBOV vaccines were well-tolerated and elicited measurable and demonstrable antibodies, respectively.
A new study published in Nature Communications demonstrates that the fear of large carnivores can have cascading effects on the food chain and restore ecosystems. The researchers found that instilling fear in raccoons reduced their time spent feeding and reversed their impacts on their prey, leading to a healthier ecosystem.
A study found that kindergarten general knowledge is the strongest predictor of first-grade and third-grade science achievement. Children's science achievement gaps persist from third to eighth grade, with low-income and minority students facing larger gaps.
A new therapeutic pathway has been discovered to keep cancer cells dormant, offering hope for treating osteosarcoma and potentially other cancers. Researchers found three microRNAs that can inhibit the growth of cancer cells, allowing them to remain asymptomatic and manageable.
The current global coral bleaching event, started in 2014, could extend into 2017 due to record ocean temperatures caused by El Niño. Corals are stressed when expelling symbiotic algae, leading to erosion and destruction of fish habitats.
The composite material emits light and heat when exposed to specific wavelengths of radiation and can be customized to have specific mechanical characteristics. It holds promise for biomedical imaging, drug delivery, and therapeutic treatments.
Researchers have identified a powerful drug, SOM0226 (tolcapone), that can significantly improve the pharmacological treatment of familial transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR). Tolcapone has been shown to inhibit the aggregation of amyloid fibers by TTR and stabilize the protein structure, slowing down disease progression.
A recent study found that parents' attempts to regulate their emotional expressions can detract from their well-being and high-quality parent-child bonds. Parents reported feeling less authentic and experiencing lower emotional well-being when suppressing negative emotions and amplifying positive emotions during childcare. The study su...
Researchers at the University of Southampton found that copper can destroy MRSA bacteria by damaging their DNA and respiration, making it difficult for them to survive. This discovery explains why touch surfaces made from solid antimicrobial copper are effective in reducing the spread of infections.
Researchers found that high CO2 concentrations in the soil change community dynamics, leading to less efficient food web processes. This study provides insights into the environmental risks of subterranean CO2 storage.
Researchers at University of British Columbia found that human-induced introduction of new species can cause 'reverse speciation', where two similar species merge into one hybrid species. This shift has significant consequences for the ecosystem, altering ecological roles and impacting biodiversity.
Seven major pharmaceutical companies have signed up to a groundbreaking Parkinson's consortium aimed at accelerating the development of safe and effective therapies. The consortium will share data, expertise, and resources with leading academics and industry members to promote and develop new treatments for Parkinson's.
Researchers propose novel solutions to improve bridge safety and reduce maintenance costs, addressing structural issues with rebar placement and column connections. Computer modeling suggests cost savings of up to 30 times greater than the research investment.
Scientists at Berkeley Lab have developed a method to reduce plant lignin using an enzyme, which could lead to cheaper production of carbon-neutral fuels. The technique decreases lignin content by 30 percent while increasing sugar production in model plants.
A study of Ebola survivors found high rates of eye, musculoskeletal, and neurological complications. The study also explored the risk of sexual transmission of Ebola, with most survivors reporting regular sexual activity but few using condoms.
A new study by Wellesley College and University of Kansas researchers suggests people are drawn to those who share similar values, attitudes, and personality traits from the start. The findings could lead to a shift in understanding relationship formation and suggest that social influence may be limited when partners are already similar.
Research suggests that minimum unit pricing (MUP) and volumetric taxation are more effective in reducing health inequalities compared to other tax options. These policies target cheap, high-strength alcohol and can lead to significant decreases in mortality rates among lower-income groups.
The mission extends studies initiated by JAXA's Suzaku mission, enabling investigations into black hole motion, element abundances, and galaxy evolution. The SXS instrument features a 36-pixel microcalorimeter array, three-stage adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator, and stronger filters to collect X-ray photons.
Researchers found that children with ALL who live in high-poverty areas are substantially more likely to experience early relapse, which is harder to treat. Despite receiving the same treatment, these patients have a higher risk of relapse within 36 months after first achieving complete remission.
Researchers used three long-term datasets to analyze honey bee population trends, identifying the USDA Census of Agriculture as the most accurate dataset for measuring changes in abundance. However, they acknowledged limitations of the data, including lack of information on colony usage and losses.
New research reveals that dodos had a brain size comparable to pigeons, suggesting moderate intelligence. The study also found an enlarged olfactory bulb in the dodo's brain, indicating a reliance on smell for navigation.
A University of Washington study found that small-scale disturbances, like those from butterfly wings, do not significantly impact weather forecasts. However, even minor errors in large-scale observations can throw off a forecast, emphasizing the importance of precise measurements.
A new study from Michigan State University finds that fat cells, not lean cells, have a longer lifespan. The researchers used yeast to demonstrate that increasing the cellular content of triacylglycerol, or fat, extends lifespan. This finding supports the obesity paradox theory and has implications for human aging and health.
Researchers achieved Wi-Fi transmissions using 10,000 times less power than conventional methods, consuming only tens of microwatts of power. This breakthrough enables the 'Internet of Things' reality where household devices and wearable sensors can communicate using Wi-Fi without worrying about power.
Researchers discovered that Kurly protein is required for proper cilia movement and orientation, crucial for fluid flow and organ development. The study highlights the importance of Kurly in understanding human diseases such as polycystic kidney disease and left-right patterning disorders.
Researchers found that negatively-cited studies are usually high quality and receive more attention than average papers. The study also identified patterns behind knowledge production, holding promise for improving scientific paper search algorithms.
A new hospital-based rapid detection test for the Zika virus is now available, allowing for quicker diagnosis and testing in a large metropolitan area. The test can detect Zika virus-specific RNA sequences directly, enabling healthcare providers to offer rapid answers to anxious patients.
Researchers found that trehalose prevents the buildup of fat in liver cells by blocking the transport of energy from sugar into liver cells. This triggers autophagy, a natural process where cells consume stored fats and other waste materials. The study suggests that trehalose may offer a potential treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver...
A team of researchers has developed a method to create a single vapor bubble in a pool of liquid that can remain stable on a surface for hours. This technique enables the microscopic study of vapor bubbles and the optimization of the boiling process, which could lead to advancements in heat transfer systems.
The US National Vegetation Classification provides a standardized system for vegetation classification, allowing land managers to collaborate across ownership boundaries and analyze trends on a landscape, regional, and national scale. The classification is based on rigorous data and reflects the functional ecology of plant communities.
A team of researchers at Worcester Polytechnic Institute and California Institute of Technology has found a neural network in male worms that processes sex-specific sensory cues, allowing them to make decisions about pursuing mates. The network involves four male-specific sensory neurons that communicate with each other through synapti...
A single dose of zoledronic acid inhibited bone loss in HIV-infected patients and reduced the risk of fractures. The study found a significant reduction in bone loss with treatment, while men showed greater protection against bone loss than women.
Researchers at Caltech have developed a visual readout method using analytical chemistries and image processing to quantify single nucleic-acid molecules, enabling the use of any cell-phone camera. This technology has potential applications in limited-resource settings for disease diagnosis.
A strong marketing department is crucial for firms to leverage CSR efforts and increase long-term value and stock price. Firms benefited from five out of six types of CSR, with the exception of charitable giving and philanthropy.
A recent study has found that most US cancer prevention guidelines do not provide sufficient information on benefits and harms, making it difficult for clinicians and patients to make informed decisions. The researchers analyzed data from various guidelines and found that 39% of recommendations were given comparable ratings, while 14.5...
Researchers discovered a possible link between migraine, tension-type headaches, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), with people with migraine being twice as likely to also have IBS. The study found that common genes related to serotonin transport and receptors were shared among the three conditions.
A cohort study found no significant differences in growth, psychomotor development, and health outcomes between infants born to mothers treated with mefloquine or sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. However, a slight increase in risk of developmental delays was observed at 9 months among those treated with mefloquine.
A new study highlights the potential positive impact of consuming EPA and DHA omega-3s derived from menhaden on US public health. The consumption of 1000mg per day may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease and nationwide healthcare costs by $1.7 billion.
Researchers at Kyoto University have successfully made thaumatin, a widely used plant-derived sweetener, even sweeter by substituting acidic amino acids with basic ones. This breakthrough confirms the complex interaction between thaumatin and the sweetness receptor of the tongue.
Despite increased demand, medical professionals are unable to recommend vaginal seeding due to the lack of evidence. Research suggests a potential risk of transferring harmful bacteria to the baby via swabbing, and there is currently only one ongoing study into its effects.
A new space imaging technique, using charge injection devices, may help scientists directly image exoplanets next to bright stars. This technology has been successfully tested, enabling the detection of objects 70 million times fainter than the host star's light.
The University of Leeds has developed an innovative virtual microscope system to aid in cancer diagnoses. The technology allows pathologists to view large patient cases of up to 100 slides or more, making complex diagnoses faster and more accurate.
A Texas A&M study found that soil texture impacts shrubland resilience to brush removal, allowing landowners to prioritize management practices. Brush removal is more effective on fine-textured clay soils than coarse-textured sandy soils.
A study published in JAMA found that high-dose statin treatment before and after cardiac surgery did not reduce the risk of acute kidney injury, contradicting previous studies. The research suggests that patients undergoing cardiac surgery may be at increased risk of AKI if taking statins.
Researchers at Sun Yan-Sen University developed a new display with comfortable 3D visual effects using the super multi-view technique, reducing vergence-accommodation conflict and viewer discomfort. The device is thin, around 65 millimeters, making it suitable for portable devices.
A widely recommended therapy to prevent premature birth has been found to be ineffective in preventing early delivery. The treatment, which involves administering the hormone progesterone, does not appear to pose any risk to mothers or babies, but its effectiveness in reducing premature births is zero.
A new study finds that most cancer screening guidelines do not adequately explain the risks and benefits of recommended actions, leading to unclear tradeoffs. Guidelines are often presented in a way that gives a false picture of the benefits and harms.
Researchers at the University of Southern California have developed a method for manufacturing nanoparticles on a large scale, using microfluidics technology. This innovation enables the cost-effective production of gold nanoparticles with unique properties, making them ideal for applications in medicine and other fields.
Children under age 5 with stunted growth are found to have low levels of essential amino acids and nutrient choline, which can prevent cognitive development, increase susceptibility to illness, and shorten life spans. Researchers hope to develop new approaches to treat this debilitating condition by targeting dietary intake.
Mayo Clinic researchers found that using frozen section analysis during lumpectomies can reduce the need for second operations by 95%, saving patients time and financial burdens. The study estimates annual cost savings of $90.9 million to payers and $1.8 million to providers.
A novel Critical Care Resuscitation Unit at the University of Maryland Medical Center significantly speeds access to specialized care, cutting transfer time in half. The unit has decreased wait times and increased transfers, leading to better patient outcomes.
ZMapp, a monoclonal antibody cocktail, was well-tolerated and showed promise in treating Ebola virus disease. The trial's results indicate that patients who received ZMapp appeared to do better than those who received standard-of-care only, but the difference was not statistically significant.
Researchers at Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center found that Gamma Knife and RapidArc radiation therapy for brain metastases produce similar results, with the latter being faster. This study offers patients a choice of treatments and highlights the importance of advanced radiosurgery technology in treating increasing cases of brain metastases.
A new study by Charité researchers reveals that the true cost of treating patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease exceeds reimbursement levels under the current German DRG system, highlighting the need for a more accurate cost recovery method.
Researchers have discovered a way to maximize electricity generation from wastewater using a novel combination of substrates, allowing for more efficient energy production. This breakthrough could enable the development of microbial fuel cells and make wastewater treatment centers self-sustaining.
Researchers at Nagoya University have uncovered a dopamine signaling pathway that controls cocaine reward in mice. The study found that activation of the Rap1 pathway increases neuronal excitability and sensitivity to cocaine reward.
A team of researchers from the University of York conducted a first-of-its-kind study on Zanzibar's formation and fauna extinction. The study, which analyzed mangrove sediments and animal remains, found that large mammals like zebras and buffalo disappeared after sea levels rose and coastal cultures inhabited the island.
Researchers suggest that twin black holes detected by LIGO might have formed inside a single, massive star. The star's death generated a gamma-ray burst, which was observed by the Fermi Space Telescope.
Researchers from UTARI and Pitt are developing an automated seat cushion to prevent pressure ulcers in wheelchair users. The smart seat cushion technology includes real-time pressure monitoring and automated pressure modulation capabilities to alleviate pressure buildup and discomfort.
A Drexel study found that anonymity is crucial for men seeking support, with those using throwaway accounts more likely to disclose their experiences. The researchers also discovered that online forums can be a vital platform for first-time disclosures of sexual abuse and rape, leading to increased support-seeking behavior.
Researchers discovered that influenza viruses can hide from the immune system by using a protein that masks the virus, making it harder for the body to detect and fight. This finding has implications for developing treatments against influenza and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
Sepsis occurs when molecules released into the bloodstream to fight an injury or infection trigger inflammation throughout the body. The new definitions provide detailed measurements for identifying sepsis in adults, including the use of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and clinical criteria such as respiratory rate...
NASA is inviting the public to participate in the #WeTheExplorers campaign by submitting artworks that reflect their spirit of exploration. The artworks will be saved on a chip on the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft, which is scheduled to launch in September and travel to asteroid Bennu.
Scientists from the University of Exeter will lead a four-year €5.4 million project to discover essential raw materials and minerals in Europe. The team aims to use advanced techniques to expose previously unknown underground resources for high-tech products.
Researchers at the University of Delaware have successfully programmed underwater robots to independently analyze data and trigger new missions based on real-time information. This technology has the potential to reveal new details about prey movement and behavior in the ocean.
Research from the University of Colorado Boulder found that newly-exposed edges of deforested areas can lead to hotter, drier conditions for remaining forests. This could affect species' ability to regulate their body temperatures, altering local ecosystems.
Researchers at the University of Melbourne are using supercomputers to create personalized 3D models of patients' arteries, helping cardiologists predict plaque buildup and tailor stents. This technology aims to reduce heart disease's toll by identifying high-risk plaques earlier.
Journalists Terri Cook and Phil McKenna have been awarded the EGU Science Journalism Fellowship to investigate sustainable water development and seismic wave mitigation. They will explore how artificial floods support water development and whether trees can weaken seismic vibrations.
Scientists at Nanyang Technological University have developed a chip that allows radar cameras to be made as small as palm-sized while maintaining high image quality. The new technology has the potential to revolutionize various applications including unmanned aerial vehicles, driverless cars, and satellite imaging.
The study found that many types of disability are underrepresented in psychology classes, including chronic health and physical disabilities. To address this, researchers recommend reworking course content to include more diversity and examples of different disabilities.
Scientists have successfully altered the genetic code of pigs to make them more resilient to African Swine Fever. By modifying a specific gene, researchers believe they may be able to reduce the disease's devastating effects on infected animals.
Researchers found that young adult males and transgender participants experienced a measurable but clinically insignificant loss of bone mineral density while taking PrEP. However, after stopping the regimen, bone mineral density levels returned to normal in just six months.
Two NYU faculty, Marc Gershow and Katherine Nagel, have been awarded Sloan Foundation research fellowships. The fellowships provide $55,000 over two years to support their research in fields such as neuroscience and physics.
A Georgia Tech study found that mobile ads can reveal sensitive user information, including gender, parental status, and income, due to leakage between ad networks and app developers. Researchers tested 200 participants and discovered that 73% of ad impressions were correctly aligned with demographic profiles.
Researchers at Nagoya University developed a novel immunotherapy using genetically engineered T cells that target podoplanin, a key protein associated with GBM progression. This treatment successfully arrested tumor growth in 60% of mice and demonstrated promise for treating patients with relapsed or resistant tumors.
Researchers successfully control ultrafast electron motion using FERMI's light, achieving a time resolution of 3 attoseconds. This breakthrough enables the study of fast chemical reactions on the scale of attoseconds, shedding new light on processes like photosynthesis and combustion.
Researchers at Ohio State University have developed a DNA 'Trojan horse' that can deliver cancer drugs into resistant cells, effectively killing them. The capsule made of folded up DNA hides the invading force, allowing it to bypass cell defenses and accumulate in cancer cells.
A meta-analysis published in European Urology found that vaginal delivery increases the risk of stress urinary incontinence by almost twice, with an absolute risk increase of 8%, compared to caesarean section. The effect is more pronounced in younger women and decreases over time.
The Critical Care Resuscitation Unit (CCRU) at the University of Maryland Medical Center has seen a significant increase in transfers of critically ill surgical patients, with median arrival times cut by nearly half and median time to surgery reduced by over two-thirds. This faster intake and treatment strategy has led to improved outc...
Tropical Cyclone Winston maintained a pinhole eye as it weakened, with strong thunderstorms wrapping into the low-level center. The storm's forward speed increased, and forecasters expect it to turn southwestward before weakening significantly due to strong vertical wind shear.
Carnegie Mellon University's Jing Lei and Ryan Tibshirani have been awarded NSF CAREER grants for their cutting-edge research projects in large-scale data analysis and nonparametric estimation. Their work aims to advance statistical inference with complex high-dimensional data.
Newborns may develop severe infections from exposure to vaginal bacteria, experts warn. Encouraging breast feeding and avoiding unnecessary antibiotics may be more important than vaginal seeding for infant health.
A new study predicts that heat waves could become annual occurrences across 60% of the world's land surface by 2075 if greenhouse gas emissions continue unchecked. However, aggressive emission reductions could significantly reduce the severity of these events, especially for vulnerable populations.
A new study suggests that moderate fish consumption during pregnancy may have beneficial effects on infant neurobehavior and development. The research found that infants of mothers with higher mercury exposure and greater fish consumption showed improved attention and reduced special handling needs.
Researchers at Boston University found that urban soils in metropolitan areas surrounding the city core release significant amounts of CO2 through a process called soil respiration. This discovery highlights the importance of considering biological emissions in assessments of climate action programs.
Maladaptive and impulsive aggression is a disabling symptom in children with psychiatric disorders, characterized by explosive behavior triggered by routine cues. The development of effective treatments requires better descriptive and quantitative methods to characterize this disorder.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University discovered how bats determine what's worth paying attention to, finding that their brains selectively respond to certain sounds. This discovery has implications for understanding how humans focus attention and process sensory information.