Michael Mann, a world leader in climate science, has been awarded the Stephen H. Schneider Award for Outstanding Climate Science Communications. The award recognizes his work on reconstructing global temperature variations over the past two millennia and its significance in understanding human-caused warming.
Researchers have identified the driving force behind differences in sea spray particles' chemical make-up, enabling better understanding of ocean chemistry and physics' influence on cloud formation. The study's findings could improve climate models by providing a more accurate representation of clouds' impact on precipitation.
A team of researchers led by Carnegie Mellon University chemist Roberto R. Gil and Universidade Federal de Pernambuco chemist Armando Navarro-Vázquez has developed a program that automates the process of figuring out a molecule's three-dimensional structure, reducing human error and shortening the pipeline of drug discovery.
MIT biologists identified a mechanism for eliminating genetically imbalanced cells using natural killer cells. Aneuploidy, or uneven chromosome distribution, harms most cells but can help cancer cells grow uncontrollably.
UCSB researchers have developed a method for 3D through-wall imaging using drones and WiFi, enabling objects to be imaged in real-time with high resolution. The technology has potential applications in emergency search-and-rescue, archaeological discovery, and structural monitoring.
Family members of individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cirrhosis are at a significantly higher risk of developing advanced liver fibrosis. A clinical trial found that immediate relatives had 12 times higher prevalence of liver fibrosis than healthy controls, indicating the need for screenings in family members.
A study published in Nature Climate Change warns that 74% of the world's population will face deadly heatwaves by 2100 if current emissions continue. Researchers found a common threshold beyond which temperatures and humidities become lethal, with tropical areas projected to bear the greatest risk.
The TAMEST Shale Task Force report highlights both benefits and consequences of shale development in Texas. Key findings include an increase in earthquakes due to wastewater disposal wells, habitat fragmentation, increased greenhouse gas emissions, and contamination risks to drinking water sources.
Neuroscientists at Johns Hopkins Medicine report that mouse eyes can constrict in response to light without involving the brain. Melanopsin, a light-sensitive pigment, is found in the iris sphincter muscle and causes it to contract.
A study published in the European Heart Journal shows a vaccine that lowers cholesterol may be effective in preventing cardiovascular disease. The AT04A vaccine, administered to genetically modified mice, reduced cholesterol levels by 53% and induced long-lasting antibodies against PCSK9, an enzyme contributing to high cholesterol.
Researchers discovered two ancient fossils from the Triassic Period that connect Kermit the Frog's relatives to wormlike creatures with sharp teeth. These findings expand the history of modern amphibians by 15 million years, closing a major gap in early caecilian evolution.
Researchers found that rhodopsin accelerates visual performance in cold-water catfish at high altitudes, enabling survival. The study provides new insights into the evolution of complex biological processes and potential therapeutic targets for human disease.
A major international study found that some features in a baby's DNA can increase the risk of its mother developing pre-eclampsia. The condition affects up to 5% of pregnancies and can cause serious complications including high blood pressure and organ damage.
Researchers led by SDSU neuroscientist Stephanie Ries discovered that wide swaths of the brain work in parallel to retrieve correct words from memory, challenging previous assumptions about localized language processing. The study's findings could help speech-language pathologists develop strategies for treating disorders like anomia.
Research at the University of Chicago Medical Center identified genetic variations that pre-dispose children to severe forms of neuroblastoma, paving the way for more targeted treatments. Children with MYCN-amplified tumors have a lower survival rate, but understanding their genetic predispositions could lead to more effective therapies.
A recent study by Florida Atlantic University researchers proposes a new capital ratio that would allow regulators to close insolvent banks earlier, potentially saving $18.5 billion in closure costs. The proposed ratio, called the nonperforming asset coverage ratio, could prevent regulators from granting forbearance to insolvent banks.
Researchers at the University of Houston have discovered a new class of material that addresses many battery concerns, including fire risk, cold weather performance, and lifespan. The quinones-based anode is inexpensive, chemically stable, and allows batteries to work across temperature ranges.
A recent study in the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships explores how high levels of relationship anxiety impact partner experiences. Researchers found that individuals experiencing anxiety about their partner's commitment tend to experience increased volatility in their feelings about the relationship.
Researchers at Northwestern University have designed a sugar-coated nanomaterial that promotes bone regeneration by binding to growth factor BMP-2, reducing its need by 100 times. The biodegradable material functions as an artificial extracellular matrix, mimicking natural cell interactions.
Researchers have developed a diagnostic test for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) using neurofilaments, which can confirm the presence of the disease. The test has shown promising results in accurately diagnosing ALS patients, with a good correlation between neurofilament levels and motor neuron loss.
Research at Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute found that fig wasps that cheat by not collecting pollen can still flourish in populations where they have a time and energy advantage. This suggests that cheaters may become more common when punishment is too severe, allowing them to reproduce and pass on their non-cooperative behavior.
Researchers at Stockholm University have discovered how bacteria in hot springs control the burning process, providing insights into human cellular metabolism. By studying oxygen combustion at low temperatures, scientists unraveled the mechanism behind the carefully controlled process in our cells.
Rachel Whitaker, Associate Professor of Microbiology at the University of Illinois, receives a $1.5 million award to study mobile genetic elements and their role in microbial evolution. Her research aims to develop a new evolutionary paradigm to combat antimicrobial resistance.
The spruce budworm's massive defoliation can lead to devastating consequences for the forest industry, causing an estimated $3 billion to $4 billion in losses over the next 30 years in New Brunswick alone. Defoliation increases the risk of natural fires igniting eight to 10 years after a budworm outbreak.
A study led by NYU's Steinhardt School found that believing the system is fair predicts lower self-esteem, risky behaviors, and decreased classroom attention in middle school students. This reversal occurs over time as youth become more aware of structural barriers and inequities.
A team of ecologists has introduced five new species of the Syzygium genus, one of the world's largest tree genera, to the island of Sulawesi. The discovery highlights the vast, undocumented plant diversity on the island and raises concerns about the conservation of endemic species.
A team of researchers led by David Julian McClements aims to quantify the ability of food nanoemulsions to increase pesticide bioavailability, posing a risk to human health. The study will investigate how nanoemulsion composition and structure impact pesticide absorption in fruits and vegetables.
The EcoCity model simulates future city expansion and predicts urban heat island effects. The study reveals different surface temperatures in various function zones, with urban impervious surfaces and green spaces playing distinct roles in thermal regulation.
Researchers found clear links between volcanic activity and the end-Triassic mass extinction. The study revealed repeated large emissions of carbon dioxide from volcanoes, which led to a profound impact on the global climate.
A new study found that older adults are less likely to leave the hospital against medical advice than younger individuals, with men and people insured by Medicaid or without health insurance at highest risk. Factors such as race/ethnicity, poverty, and suboptimal communication play a role in this phenomenon.
A recent discovery by Stanford University scientists could lead to a new, more sustainable way to make ethanol without corn or other crops. The technology uses three basic components: water, carbon dioxide and electricity delivered through a copper catalyst.
Researchers found that restoring a healthy balance in gut bacteria can treat Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) symptoms. The review highlights several studies showing positive impacts of probiotics, prebiotics, diet changes and faecal matter transplants on ASD symptoms.
Scientists have discovered a new type of immune cell that can predict which lung cancer patients will benefit from immunotherapy treatment. The study found that patients with high levels of tissue-resident memory T-cells in their tumour were more likely to survive, and the cells' behaviour played a key role in increasing survival rates.
Researchers found that increasing roasting levels reduced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in coffee extracts, with chlorogenic acid varying by roast level. The study suggests some beneficial compounds may be affected by the roasting process.
A study analyzing 9.7 million young people found that only 26.8% received medication for opioid use disorder within six months of diagnosis. Younger people, females, and non-Hispanic black and Hispanic youth were less likely to receive medications.
A daily low dose of valnoctamide reduces CMV infection in newborn mice and suppresses replication in the brain, normalizing neurological development. The treatment also attenuates neurobehavioral dysfunctions and brain abnormalities associated with CMV infection.
A developing tropical cyclone in the western Atlantic Ocean is expected to strengthen into a tropical storm within the next five days. NASA provided critical data and cloud height information to forecasters, revealing heavy rain showers and towering thunderstorms with heights above 9.3 miles.
The new biofuel can be used undiluted in modern diesel engines or mixed with petroleum diesel, fulfilling EU and US requirements. It has improved properties compared to traditional biodiesel, which vaporizes at higher temperatures and forms deposits on engine components.
Research by Kevin Langergraber and colleagues reveals that patrolling by male chimpanzees increases group size, leading to increased offspring and long-term benefits. This cooperative behavior outweighs individualized efforts, demonstrating a striking example of group-level cooperation among primates.
A UTEP doctoral candidate has discovered three new species of chameleons in the Albertine Rift region of Central Africa. The reptiles were found to be endemic to specific mountain ranges, with two species named after their habitats and a third species named after herpetologist Krystal Tolley.
Scientists have identified mutations in the CARD11 gene that lead to severe atopic dermatitis, an allergic skin disease. Supplementing with the amino acid glutamine may partially correct the underlying cell-signaling defects, according to a study published in Nature Genetics.
A recent study by Emory University highlights the importance of insecticide-resistance monitoring in controlling the spread of Zika and other mosquito-borne diseases. The research found that applying insecticides like deltamethrin in areas with high resistance can be ineffective, emphasizing the need for targeted control measures.
A study finds that many state pension plans use open-ended amortization to delay payments, making their financial condition appear better than it is. This practice exacerbates funding shortfalls and increases the risk of insufficient funds to pay pension obligations.
Researchers from Nationwide Children's Hospital used a combination of immunotherapies in a mouse model of rhabdomyosarcoma, finding that combining oncolytic virotherapy and PD-1 blockades was more effective than either approach alone. This new strategy marshals more T-cells to attack tumors without increasing regulatory T-cells.
Researchers found that couples who viewed positive images of their spouses paired with cute animals showed improved marriage quality. The intervention used evaluative conditioning to create automatic associations between the spouse's face and positive feelings.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology identify tissue-resident memory T cells as an important distinguishing factor between cancer patients whose immune system mounts an effective anti-tumor response. The study found that patients with a high density of these cells in tumor tissue survived significantly longer.
The study highlights potential widespread presence of mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in the US, as well as gaps in local surveillance capabilities. This information will help target limited public health resources and improve understanding of these mosquito species' distribution.
Experts conclude that a near-zero-emissions energy system will require a diverse portfolio of energy technologies, including bioenergy, nuclear energy, and carbon capture technology. The study corrects previous research suggesting the US can be powered solely by solar, wind, and hydroelectric energy.
A University of Alberta research team found that patients with obesity have a higher risk of infection within 30 days after heart bypass surgery, and 88% of these patients received non-surgical PCI. This increased risk may be due to the fact that patients with obesity are more likely to receive PCI.
The Gauss Centre for Supercomputing (GCS) has secured €500 million in funding for the next decade to invest in next-generation systems and strengthen comprehensive user support. The organisation aims to deliver world-class supercomputing resources while fostering interdisciplinary collaboration between researchers and industry.
Scientists used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to reverse Huntington's disease pathology and motor symptoms in a mouse model. The treatment delivered enzymes to brain cells, reducing toxic protein aggregates and improving motor abilities.
A recent study by Columbia University found that financial incentives significantly increased viral suppression and clinic attendance among HIV-positive patients. The study showed a four-percent higher percentage of patients with suppressed virus at sites offering gift cards compared to those without.
A phase 1 randomized controlled trial found an Ebola virus disease vaccine developed in Canada to be well-tolerated and effective, with high antibodies present six months after immunization. The vaccine showed no safety concerns and was well-received by participants.
A study found that 9 out of 10 A🌳 departments fail to identify young people with alcohol problems, preventing vital help. Over 85% of departments do not routinely ask young people or those over 65 about their drinking habits, despite NICE guidelines recommending screening and feedback.
A new study reveals that rising CO2 levels reached a tipping point, triggering sudden temperature shifts of up to 15°C in the Northern Hemisphere during ice age periods. The findings add to evidence suggesting that gradual climate changes can lead to abrupt surprises.
A Drexel University study reveals that birds of different species cooperate to access food sources by following army ant marches. Facilitation theory supports this behavior, where species help each other exploit shared resources.
UW researchers design polymers that can effectively communicate across biological and electronic realms by creating rigid and non-rigid regions with varying conductance properties. These findings may lead to new biosensors, flexible bioelectronic implants, and improved batteries.
Researchers are studying the clinical outcomes of children infected with Zika virus after birth to examine long-term brain development. Neurodevelopmental testing will be conducted to identify changes in children infected with Zika virus.
A systematic review reveals widespread self-medication misuse in the Middle East, with pharmacies selling up to 97% of antibiotics without a prescription. The study emphasizes the need for improved policies and education to address this issue.
A new three-in-one blood test developed by researchers at the Institute of Cancer Research can pick out men with advanced prostate cancer who are likely to benefit from treatment with PARP inhibitors. The test detects early signs of resistance and monitors cancer's evolution over time, allowing for timely adjustments to treatment.