A young scientist's groundbreaking work reveals that microbial communities' metabolic processes are influenced by environmental constraints rather than species interactions. The study uses high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the DNA of entire microbial communities, providing insights into bioremediation and ocean chemistry.
A University of Cincinnati study finds that mindful yoga and positive coping strategies can reduce risky behaviors in troubled 18- to 24-year-olds. The intervention programs taught youths to control their breathing and emotions, leading to healthier long-term coping skills.
Researchers tracked individual albatrosses for their entire lives to identify intrinsic quality that drives performance, including reproductive success and longevity. The study found that birds born in warmer years were smaller and performed poorly, while those from denser populations had reduced success.
A Dartmouth-led study found that humans rely on feature-based learning to reduce the complexity of choices and adapt quickly to new environments. Feature-based learning allows participants to selectively learn informative features without compromising precision.
The Phase 1/2 clinical trial showed that SPK-9001 reduced annualized bleeding rate by 97% and factor IX concentrate use by 99% in participants with hemophilia B. The data suggest a one-time infusion of SPK-9001 may sustain factor IX activity levels, reducing bleeding episodes.
A QUT-led study found that cumulative maintenance dredging can increase risks on seagrass survival, but shorter dredging programs are unlikely to impact seagrass. The research developed a risk modelling approach to predict how resilient seagrass meadows will be under different environmental conditions.
The new generation of 5G mobile networks promises to deliver the Internet of Things and transform industry through innovative technologies. Key applications include e-Health, AGVs, industry 4.0, drones for agriculture, fair tourism, and entertainment, with benefits for sectors such as energy, health, automotive, and manufacturing
The I-SPY 2 TRIAL found that achieving pathological complete response (pCR) is a strong predictor of event-free and distant disease-free survival in high-risk breast cancer patients. pCR rates varied by breast cancer subtype, but the relationship between pCR and EFS was significant across all subtypes.
The IST Austria lab of Daria Siekhaus will explore the role of MFSD1 in metastasis in mice and humans. The project aims to understand its involvement in changes to proteins and their impact on metastasis.
Engineers at UC San Diego developed a smartphone case and app that allows patients to record and track their blood glucose readings anywhere. The device, called GlucPhone, uses reusable sensors and wireless transmission for accurate measurements.
A 530-million-year-old trilobite fossil contains the earliest known example of an eye, with a primitive form of compound eyes similar to those in modern animals. The study suggests that compound eyes have changed little over 500 million years.
Observations of two massive galaxies using ALMA radio telescope reveal they formed 780 million years after the Big Bang, challenging previous understanding. The discovery provides new insights into galaxy formation and dark matter's role in assembling large structures.
A team of scientists and archaeologists has discovered a 15,000-year-old Natufian site in Jordan that pushes back the timeline for permanent settlement in the region. The site's early dates suggest that hunter-gatherers were more versatile than previously thought and had multiple pathways to agriculture.
Researchers have developed a new microbial fuel cell that can produce maximum power and exhibit stable electricity-generating capability when tested under stretching and twisting cycles. The textile-based biobattery could be integrated into wearable electronics in the future, providing a sustainable and eco-friendly energy solution.
Researchers developed a neutralizing agent for CSPGs that inhibit oligodendrocyte migration and differentiation. Protamine was found to inhibit CSPG-mediated inhibition of oligodendrocyte differentiation, enhancing myelination in the developing mouse brain and remyelination in adult mice.
Researchers found that windborne dust provides a significant source of nutrients for plants in mountain ecosystems, even when nutrient supply from bedrock is substantial. The study's results have implications for understanding the global influence of regional processes and the Earth's balance.
A new study by Lancaster University reveals that marginalized groups are often excluded from fertility data due to biases in survey design and sampling. This exclusion can lead to unequal access to reproductive healthcare and misguided policies.
Scientists at Lund University have developed new systems to study microorganisms in the ground using microchips, revealing complex ecosystems and interactions between microbes and their environment. The technology allows for real-time analysis of microbial processes, enabling researchers to better understand soil structures and functions.
Researchers developed a human agent's opinion model to make decisions by aggregating evidence under uncertainty. A small fraction of agents propagating true information can significantly help mitigate false information propagation, making it an important national security problem.
A comprehensive atlas of gene expression in human brain cells reveals new insights into autism, intellectual disability, and schizophrenia. The study identifies links between neural stem cell populations and neurodevelopmental disease, opening up new avenues for research.
Scientists have developed a machine learning approach to identify distinct dolphin click patterns in large datasets. The algorithm, presented in PLOS Computational Biology, can distinguish between species in the wild and potentially aid remote monitoring of wild dolphins.
A new study from Stockholm University shows that the parasite Toxoplasma gondii takes control of immune cells, turning them into 'zombies' that spread the infection. This allows the parasite to infect the brain, which may be linked to mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and depression.
A new study reveals that younger readers are spending nearly twice as much time reading print newspapers as they do online. Despite the rise of digital distribution, the young are actually spending less time with newspaper brands overall, with a 40% drop in attention from younger and middle-aged readers since the turn of the millennium.
A study found that a fusion protein composed of pentraxin and carbonic anhydrase VI affects fish swimming ability. Zebrafish embryos with silenced CA VI gene exhibited impaired swimming, highlighting the importance of this protein in aquatic animals.
Deep-diving narwhals experience unusually low heart rates while escaping human disturbances, potentially harming oxygenation and brain function. The study's findings raise concerns about the effects of ocean noise and increased human activity on these Arctic whales.
A recent study investigates the relationship between Arctic sea ice loss and the Eurasian winter cooling trend. The research suggests that changes in sea surface temperature, not sea ice concentration, are responsible for the observed warming trend.
Researchers at MIT developed a new design for gallium nitride power devices that can handle higher voltages, potentially reducing energy waste in electric vehicles, data centers and the power grid. The device uses a bladelike fin design to confine current, improving efficiency and heat dissipation.
Antipodal words, encapsulating opposites, offer sharp communication and irony. They articulate predation, violence, and human excess, briefly opening a semiotic window onto the unspeakable.
Researchers found a shift in cytokine profiles of mice with FVIII inhibitor development, including increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. A negative correlation was also observed between risk factors for FVIII inhibitor development and age at gene therapy administration.
A recent study by UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center researchers found that black women with hormone-receptor positive, HER2-negative breast cancer had a higher risk of recurrence compared to white women. The biological features of patients' tumors partially explained this difference, but not completely.
A comprehensive bee census led by Michigan State University scientists confirmed the discovery of a new species and revealed that Michigan has more than 420 species of bees, exceeding earlier estimates. The study also highlighted the importance of understanding wild bee populations and their benefits to crops and the environment.
A comprehensive study found that inflammatory bowel disease has become a global disease with accelerating incidence in newly industrialized countries. The research highlights the need for prevention and preparedness measures as these countries struggle to manage this complex and costly disease.
Researchers found that the optimal amount of rainfall for plant productivity lies in an intermediate climate, where plants can use slightly more moisture than usual. This 'mesic maximum' range is crucial for maintaining ecosystem health and agricultural systems under projected climate change conditions.
A recent study found that nearly 1 in 5 NBA players have abnormal electrocardiogram findings, some linked to athletic training. The research aimed to assess athlete-specific criteria for distinguishing normal from abnormal ECG patterns.
A blood-based precision medicine test incorporating age, sex, and gene expression score (ASGES) helped evaluate older outpatients with symptoms of obstructive coronary artery disease. The study found higher incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events in those with high ASGES scores compared to low ASGES scores
A new intervention by Dr. Stacey Sigmon reduces illicit opioid use and injection drug use among waitlisted patients by providing daily medication via a computerized dispenser. This regimen allows patients to start potentially life-saving treatment immediately, while waiting for access to comprehensive counseling services.
Researchers created 3D mini brains using bioengineered 'asteroids' to study neural connections and accelerate disease research. The model allows for rapid screening of drugs and analysis of mutations, paving the way for potential treatments and clinical trials to improve or regenerate impaired nervous systems.
A new study suggests that children who were required to register as sex offenders are at a higher risk of suicidal intent and victimization experiences. The researchers found that registered children were four times more likely to report a recent suicide attempt than non-registered children.
Scientists discovered a rare form of nitrogen gas in Earth's atmosphere, which is more abundant than expected. The discovery provides clues about the composition of life-supporting planets and their atmospheres.
A team of astronomers discovered the most-distant supermassive black hole ever observed, located in a luminous quasar and emitting light from 5% of its current age. The black hole has a mass 800 million times that of our Sun, posing a challenge to theories of supermassive black hole growth.
A new study found that an infliximab biosimilar is safe and effective for treating inflammatory bowel disease, with comparable drug levels to the original medication. However, a high rate of discontinuation was observed due to subjective disease worsening or elective withdrawal after switching to the biosimilar.
A large clinical trial shows that clot-busting drugs do not prevent post-thrombotic syndrome, a complication that can cause chronic limb pain and swelling. The procedure did reduce the severity of the syndrome, but with an increased risk of major bleeding.
A landmark clinical trial demonstrated that providing dietary B. infantis EVC001 resulted in rapid and substantial remodeling of the infant gut microbiome, reducing potentially harmful bacteria and improving gut health. The study also showed that breastfed infants colonized by B. infantis had significantly lower levels of endotoxin.
Researchers from Princeton University and NOAA found that the Arabian Sea's extreme cyclone activity increased significantly since 2014, with a 27% rise in 2015. The study validated climate model projections by showing that global warming and fossil fuel burning led to the formation of these storms.
Astronomers have discovered a quasar harboring an 800 million solar mass black hole, located in a primarily neutral Universe at a redshift of 7.54. The finding challenges our understanding of the early growth of supermassive black holes and their host galaxies.
Recent studies have identified off-road diesel vehicles in oil sands production as a major contributor to regional levels of isocyanic acid pollution. Laboratory experiments show that these vehicles release up to 6 kilograms of the compound per hour, with secondary emissions potentially being up to four fold larger.
Large populations of deadly Cryptococcus fungi have been found in two public areas in Cape Town and the Northern Cape, threatening HIV/AIDS patients. The research aims to understand the ecology of these pathogens to curb their spread.
Scientists from the University of Bristol have developed technology to convert widely-available ethanol into butanol, a more efficient fuel alternative. The breakthrough uses catalysts to convert beer's ethanol content into butanol, paving the way for sustainable petrol production.
Scientists at Freie Universität Berlin and Ruhr-Universität Bochum have discovered how enzymes produce molecular hydrogen. The process involves two electrons being transferred to two hydrogen ions through proton-coupled electron transfer, a mechanism that could explain the production of hydrogen gas in other enzymes.
Paolo Falcaro and his team will analyze mechanisms and parameters related to the formation, control, and properties of MOFs. Their goal is to develop microfilms and microstructures with precisely aligned pores for smart components like microchips and sensors.
Researchers detected massive changes in how sensations from hands are represented in a child's brain before and after a successful double hand transplant. The brain remapping is thought to have begun six years before the transplant and reverted toward a more typical pattern after receiving transplanted hands.
Researchers found that monocultural cocoa groves subjected to stress conditions produce slightly more antioxidants and phenols than agroforest settings. The differences in chemical composition were not significant, but the researchers suggest these variations could contribute to variability in cocoa bean flavor.
Scientists discover that pain medicine pentazocine preserves vision in a model of severe retinal degeneration by activating the Nrf2-Keap1 antioxidant pathway. The drug normalizes Nrf2 levels, potentially restoring its protective function and preventing oxidative stress.
Scientists have filled in key clues on the evolution of animals transitioning to aquatic life using a newly discovered reptile fossil. The study suggests that Vadasaurus, an ancient creature with features well-suited for aquatic life, is linked to modern New Zealand species and ancient sea-dwelling vertebrates.
A new study published in Scientific Reports found that monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) plays a crucial role in bone loss responses to parathyroid hormone (PTH) in hyperparathyroidism. Elevated MCP-1 levels have been correlated with elevated serum PTH levels, and its presence may serve as a marker for PTH's effects in humans.
Scientists have made a breakthrough in treating neurodegenerative disorders and lysosomal storage diseases by transplanting hematopoietic stem cells directly into the brain, achieving therapeutic benefits faster than traditional methods. This innovative technique could pave the way for new treatments for Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and o...
Scientists use a simulation program called DaMaSCUS to study how dark matter particles interact with normal matter, potentially affecting detector performance. The researchers found that if dark matter interacts strongly with atoms, deep site detectors may struggle to detect it.
A type of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene, HLA-DQB1*03:01, is associated with an increased risk of developing bullous pemphigoid (BP) in diabetic patients taking DPP-4 inhibitory drugs. The gene was found to be present in 86% of non-inflammatory BP patients administered with DPP-4i, compared to 18% in the general population.
A new study proposes a generic methodological framework to accurately quantify the greenhouse gas footprints of crop cultivation systems. The framework takes into account direct and indirect contributors, providing example values of emission factors and emphasizing the combination of measurements and model simulations.
A University of Arizona researcher is using a $2.3 million NIH grant to explore the role of SIRT1 in anxiety and depression. The study aims to develop novel antidepressants that target this protein, which has shown promise in reducing stress-induced anxiety.