A study estimates the national incidence of facial fractures in adults 55 and older due to recreational activity, with a 45.3% increase between 2011 and 2015. The most common causes were bicycling, team sports, outdoor activities, and gardening, with men being more prone to injuries from these activities.
Researchers at UC San Diego have developed new electrolyte chemistry that enables lithium batteries to operate at -60°C and electrochemical capacitors at -80°C. This technology could improve the performance of electric vehicles in cold climates and enable space exploration applications.
A new study reveals that large-scale water cycles in California have a modest impact on small-scale earthquake activity. Slight changes in ground stress associated with snow accumulation, snowmelt, runoff, and irrigation for agriculture influence earthquake likelihood.
Scientists identified bacterial genes and compounds that extend lifespan, slow tumor growth, and reduce amyloid-beta accumulation in laboratory worms. These findings suggest potential for designing supplements to slow down aging process.
Eiman Azim receives $240,000 grant to investigate neural circuits controlling skilled movements. He aims to deepen understanding of nervous system control and develop approaches to restore function in motor circuits affected by injury or disease.
The study suggests that animal phyla emerged rapidly around 700 million years ago, prior to the global Ice Age. The earliest known animal fossils exhibit complex morphologies, indicating animals originated before the Cambrian Period. New molecular-clock analysis produces a new estimate for the ages of the oldest animal groups.
Researchers at Université de Genève discovered that healthy fibroblasts surrounding breast cancer cells have a unique variant of the estrogen receptor GPER in their nuclei. This genetic variation promotes tumor cell migration and invasiveness through the secretion of molecules that stimulate malignant growth.
Researchers identify unique cytokine markers for Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) and Nephropatia Epidemica (NE), highlighting key differences in immune response between the two diseases. The study's findings suggest that 'cytokine storm' plays a crucial role in disease presentation.
Targeting a subset of immune cells called regulatory T cells could be an effective approach to treating cancers. By blocking or deleting a surface protein called neuropilin-1, researchers found that tumor growth was dramatically reduced in mice, suggesting this could lead to more effective immunotherapy treatments.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have identified an unexpected layer of gene regulation in ribosomes, challenging scientists' understanding of how cells control their genes. The discovery reveals that ribosomal proteins tune the translation process to specialize in specific cellular pathways.
A nurse-led vaccination programme significantly improves pneumococcal vaccination coverage among patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases. The study found that nursing staff accurately identified candidates for vaccination and informed them about its benefits.
Researchers found that the golden appearance is due to high reflectiveness of the exoskeleton and manipulation of polarisation. The nano-structured exoskeleton contains intricate structures that produce circularly-polarised light, explaining the bright reflection and golden colour.
A special supplement to Wilderness & Environmental Medicine outlines the transferability of military trauma care techniques to austere environments. Key findings include the reduction of preventable trauma deaths from bleeding, airway obstruction, and collapsed lungs with TCCC guidelines.
Erhu Cao, a University of Utah biochemist, has been named a Pew Scholar to explore the dynamic interactions within cell membranes. His research focuses on ADPKD, a genetic disorder affecting approximately 1 in 1,000 people, and may lead to new therapeutic approaches.
A team of scientists has identified genetic mutations that could potentially allow the bird flu strain H7N9 to spread between humans. The researchers found that certain mutations in a key protein could enable the virus to latch onto human cells, sparking concerns about a potential pandemic.
A massive surface melt event occurred on the West Antarctic Ice Sheet in 2015-2016, with melt episodes spanning most of the Ross Ice Shelf. The study suggests that strong El Niño events may become more common, leading to increased ice sheet instability and potential sea level rise.
The three-year $392,000 grant will develop a comprehensive educational program to train future physicians in refugee health, addressing physical, emotional, and social trauma. The initiative aims to increase cultural competence among medical students and provide patients with culturally sensitive care.
Researchers led by Barclay Morrison will examine concussion injury and recovery mechanisms using in vivo, in vitro, and computational models. The goal is to develop effective methods for preventing and treating concussion, with potential benefits for both acute and persisting neurocognitive dysfunction.
The Pew Charitable Trusts has awarded funding to 22 early-career researchers to pursue foundational research in the biomedical sciences. The scholars will use novel approaches to illuminate the mechanisms of human biology and disease. This award aims to support scientists trying to crack some of the toughest questions in human health.
Researchers found that seasonal stress changes, caused by winter rains and summer rebound, lead to an increase in small earthquakes along California faults. The study used regional global positioning system data to calculate stresses due to water loads, revealing a correlation between peak stress and seismicity.
The journal has achieved a high impact factor of 9.111, demonstrating its influence on the scientific community. UNSW is proud to be a leader in the global sharing of knowledge in this rapidly evolving field.
Researchers found that Himalayan species arose earlier in southern Tibet and then migrated to the region after mountain formation. The discovery challenges current biogeographical opinions and highlights the importance of molecular-genetic methods in testing old hypotheses.
Researchers will explore personal and environmental factors influencing functional independence and community participation among racial/ethnically diverse people with SCI. The three-year $392,000 grant aims to improve outcomes among underserved groups living with SCI.
Researchers analyzed zircon crystals in Taupo Volcanic Zone magma to determine its temperature history, finding a 'cool' period followed by rapid heating. The study's findings may help scientists recognize volcanoes on the verge of an eruption.
Scientists discovered fetal immune system establishment as early as 2nd trimester, allowing independent responses and immune tolerance. Dendritic cells expressing Arginase-2 regulate TNFα production, preventing unwanted inflammatory responses.
Ground-based measurements of quantum states sent by a laser aboard a satellite demonstrate the feasibility of a satellite-based quantum communication network. This breakthrough could enable an extremely secure way to encrypt data sent over long distances, potentially cutting development time in half.
Children as young as 8 years old can reliably assess experimental therapy effects on symptoms and quality of life. Self-reported patient outcomes could be a new endpoint in clinical trials, enabling clinicians to better manage side effects.
A Southern California mountain lion population is plagued by inbreeding due to urbanization and highway barriers. Conservation efforts proposed a network spanning the Santa Ana Mountains and Eastern Peninsular Mountains to promote genetic diversity and connectivity.
Ames Laboratory scientists are developing low-dimensional nanomaterials to enhance the performance of solar cells, TV displays, and computer technology. The goal is to broaden the science of these materials and explore their properties.
Recent studies suggest that excessive neural activity in specific brain regions can impair memory and attention. Inhibitory neurotransmission, mediated by GABA, plays a crucial role in regulating neural activity. The review highlights the importance of balancing aberrant neural activity to restore cognitive function.
Naoki Yamanaka, the first researcher at UC Riverside to receive a Pew scholarship, will pursue foundational research using state-of-the-art techniques. His research focuses on identifying chemicals that interrupt steroid hormone entry into cells, which could lead to novel means of manipulating steroid-related processes.
Researchers have identified a crucial pathway in regulating cellular metabolism, which they believe could be targeted to control tumor growth. The study found that blocking this pathway reduced tumor growth in melanoma mice and holds promise for developing new cancer treatments.
The US-China collaboration has made excellent progress in using lithium to control ultra-hot plasma in fusion reactions. The use of lithium powder, granules, and liquid form has shown promising results in eliminating instabilities and improving energy confinement.
A Penn State researcher has been awarded a grant to develop a 'hydrogen sponge' technology that could efficiently store hydrogen fuel for use in fuel cell vehicles. The technology uses supercritical liquid form to condense the gas, allowing for storage at ambient temperature and low-pressure conditions.
Scientists have discovered that organic crystals send out acoustic signals when their crystal structure changes, providing insight into the phenomenon. The crystals' rapid transformation of heat into movement is potentially useful for developing artificial muscles or microscale robotic arms.
A new study reveals that marine invertebrate predators have increased in size over the past 500 million years, while their prey has remained relatively constant. The 'escalation hypothesis' is supported by the findings, which show a significant increase in predator-prey size ratio driven by changes in marine ecosystems.
A new study found that reducing meat consumption and adopting organic farming methods can help mitigate environmental degradation, but not at the expense of land use and energy efficiency. The researchers suggest combining different production systems to create a more sustainable agricultural system.
A high-resolution view of the structure of Hsp104 has been acquired, showing how it processes proteins to break down tangles. The study provides insight into a potential nanomachine that could be used to dismantle harmful protein clumps in disease.
Researchers studying slow-slip earthquakes on the seafloor off Japan's coast have gained new insights into undersea earthquakes and tsunami creation. About 50% of energy released during these events can be dissipated, potentially reducing tsunami risk.
A new study found that adult marijuana use rose significantly in states with loosely regulated medical marijuana laws, particularly among adults over 26. The prevalence of cannabis use disorder remained largely unchanged. Further investigation is needed to understand the impact of regulation on marijuana use.
Studies highlight limitations in current PsA treatment, with self-reported pain being common despite biologic therapies. Comorbidities like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and depression negatively impact PsA treatment adherence and response.
A new RAND Corporation report finds that quantifying cost savings from California's Proposition 47 is challenging due to lack of infrastructure and data tracking. Researchers recommend establishing better performance metrics to examine the impact of reforms on workloads and services.
Researchers at Rutgers University have discovered a new antibiotic, pseudouridimycin, effective against both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant bacteria. The compound inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase through a unique mechanism, exhibiting no cross-resistance with existing antibiotics.
A new genetic technique developed by Upeksha Rathnapala and colleagues at the University of Melbourne could enhance research into potential drug targets for malaria treatment. By using a novel approach involving fluorescent markers, scientists can identify metabolic processes essential for Plasmodium development in host animals.
Women are at greater risk of cardiovascular disease due to longer lifespan and differences in drug absorption, distribution, and metabolism compared to men. The European Society of Cardiology recommends sex-specific guidelines for cardiovascular drugs to minimize adverse reactions.
Dr. Barry Rosenbaum, a senior fellow at The University of Akron Research Foundation, received the national award for his outstanding contributions to entrepreneurship and innovation in higher education. He has pioneered innovative programs and collaborations that promote entrepreneurial education and economic development.
Researchers Francisco Diaz and Pak Kin Wong are developing a new contraceptive technology that targets two essential reproductive processes. Their project aims to identify effective, non-invasive, low-cost, and easy-to-use contraceptives by exploring novel approaches to contraception.
Research from Duke University finds that college attendance rates for poor students decline by 20% after a 7% job loss, even when financial aid increases. Job losses also trigger increased stress, anxiety, and suicidal ideation among poor African-American youths.
The study found a strong correlation between predator size and the diameter of drill holes, suggesting that larger predators have hunted smaller prey in the past. The researchers believe that growing bigger predators may not need to switch to larger targets due to more nutritious small prey.
A Danish study found a clear downward trend in knee and hip replacements in RA patients since the introduction of biological DMARDs to treatment protocols. The incidence of total knee replacements decreased by 0.20 per year after 2003, while the incidence of total hip replacements also showed a downward trend.
Researchers have identified a new genus and species of ancient marine reptile called Luskhan itilensis, discovered in the Volga River region. The discovery sheds light on the ecomorphological diversity of pliosaurs, suggesting that their evolutionary history was more complex than previously thought.
The VHA initiative significantly reduced MRSA infections in a Veterans community living center by implementing active surveillance and decolonization with strict environmental control. The program resulted in substantial monetary savings of $2.2 million and improved patient safety.
Research finds magma is more solid than liquid, with crystalline and mushy states existing simultaneously. The discovery could help predict volcano risks by identifying mobile magma.
Researchers used a satellite-based system to transmit entangled photons across vast distances, overcoming previous transmission limitations of 100 km. The successful transmission holds implications for quantum teleportation and communication networks.
A study of refugee youth found distinctive patterns of symptoms, including traumatic grief, phobia, and somatization. The findings highlight the need for specialized treatment approaches that address the unique experiences of displaced youth.
A study by the American Society of Anesthesiologists found that women who catastrophize, or exaggerate pain, are more likely to take prescribed opioids than men. The study suggests that early treatment for pain catastrophizing may reduce opioid prescriptions for both sexes.
Researchers at Wayne State University are working on a novel therapy for corneal bacterial infections, including those caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The team is testing the role of microRNAs in regulating the innate immune response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced keratitis.
A three-year Lancaster University project uses geographic information systems (GIS) and 3D modeling to analyze space and place in literary texts. The project creates interactive and immersive teaching resources, including Minecraft versions of fictional settings.
A systematic review found no definitive standard for identifying veterans at risk of suicidal behavior, nor a clear standard of treatment to prevent suicide. Several promising approaches were identified, including screening methods with fair accuracy and interventions like restricting access to lethal means.
Researchers watched individual DNA strands replicate and found that polymerases on the leading and lagging strands are completely autonomous, with no coordination. The study reveals a new stochastic view of DNA replication, challenging conventional wisdom and providing insights into this essential biological process.