Acceptance and Commitment Therapy significantly reduced self-reported depression and anxiety among chronic pain patients participating in a pain rehabilitation program. The treatment also improved self-efficacy, activity engagement, and pain acceptance.
Researchers at Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência found that controlling iron levels is crucial for maintaining vital organs' function during infection. They discovered ferritin's role in regulating glucose production, which prevents lethal sepsis outcomes.
A study published in Preventive Medicine found that physical activity among children and teens is lower than previously thought, with young adults over 20 showing the only increases in activity levels. The study also identified patterns of highest and lowest activity throughout the day across age groups and genders.
New research from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine finds that lenvatinib improves overall survival rates in older thyroid cancer patients who are resistant to standard radioiodine treatment. The drug is well-tolerated and has a significant impact on patient outcomes.
Researchers achieved orders of magnitude higher link efficiency compared to traditional methods using telecommunication fibers. Distributed entangled photons enable secure quantum key distribution and variant quantum teleportation protocols.
Australian researchers have developed a world-first test to identify patients at risk of developing serious secondary infections. The High-risk Influenza Screen Test measures an early warning signal released by the patient's body, predicting potential complications with high accuracy.
Researchers have identified the KMT2A gene translocations as a common underlying cause of infant and treatment-related leukemias. The Penn/CHOP team has also found that topoisomerase II cleavage clusters in specific regions of the genome, which may play a role in DNA damage repair and cancer development.
Researchers at University of Michigan develop cost-effective material to capture near-infrared light in solar cells, making concentrator photovoltaics more efficient and practical for large-scale electricity generation. The new alloy is significantly less expensive than previous formulations and enables easier manufacturing.
The Pew Charitable Trusts has announced the 2017 class of Pew-Stewart Scholars for Cancer Research, five early-career scientists conducting groundbreaking research on finding cures for cancer. The scholars will receive flexible funding to invest in their work and investigate promising avenues to slow or stop cancer development.
Researchers found that a large area of West Antarctica partially melted due to warm air caused by an especially strong El Nino, with satellite data revealing a mix of melted snow and ice over most of the Ross Ice Shelf. The study suggests that this warming event could be more frequent in the future with a warming climate.
The Department of Energy has awarded $258 million to six leading US tech companies to advance exascale computing technology. The funding will support research and development in hardware, software, and application development to achieve the goal of deploying an exascale-capable system by 2021.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University discovered a molecular pathway involved in the toxic interaction between host cells and the immune system when using cardiac stem cells from patients with heart disease. The study suggests that these cells can develop inflammatory properties and exacerbate damage to the already diseased heart muscle.
A new study reveals that nearly all Indonesian children in urban areas are infected with the dengue virus by childhood. The researchers found that 69.4% of children tested positive for dengue antibodies, with infection rates increasing from 33.8% of 1-4 year olds to 89.0% of 15-18 year olds.
A new UCL and University of Nottingham study found that most neurons in the brain's auditory cortex detect sound location relative to the head, but some track the actual position in the world. The researchers monitored ferrets while they moved around a small arena surrounded by speakers, using electrodes and LEDs to track movement.
A study published in PNAS found that halictid bees have more sensory machinery on their antennae compared to solitary species, suggesting a link between social behavior evolution and communication. The research suggests that sensilla density may be an important precursor to the evolution of social behavior.
A new study assesses the global impact of human interventions on water scarcity, finding that large-scale water management actions can aggravate water scarcity downstream. The research highlights the importance of considering upstream-downstream linkages in water policy decisions.
A team of researchers at the University of Pennsylvania has created the most thorough model to date of how smart materials work in ultrasound technology. They found striking similarities with the behavior of water, which could lead to new materials design and higher quality piezoelectrics.
Scientists studied zircon crystals to understand magma reservoirs, finding a more solid and crystalline environment than previously thought. The research sheds light on the pre-eruption phase and how mobile magma contributes to volcanic activity.
Researchers developed a new drug delivery platform that uses ultrasound waves to trigger the dispersal of chemotherapy-containing nanoparticles precisely at tumor sites. The platform resulted in a two-fold increase in targeting efficacy and a dramatic reduction in both tumor size and drug-related toxicity.
A team of researchers has discovered that a DNA-cutting enzyme plays a broad role in driving abnormal genetic rearrangements, including translocations that cause cancer. The study identified specific sites of DNA damage along the entire genome of human leukemia cells.
A team of investigators at Massachusetts General Hospital discovered that individuals with autism spectrum disorder experience overactivation in subcortical brain structures when viewing eye contact, leading to an aversion to direct gaze. This finding supports the hypothesis of an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory signaling n...
Researchers from Swansea University highlight the need for improved reporting of asthma diagnosis and events in electronic health records. The study found wide variations in methods across studies, compromising validity and reproducibility.
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) is part of a leading EU-China food safety project, tackling global food fraud worth $52 billion annually. The partnership aims to reduce food fraud and improve safety through innovative technologies and collaborative research.
Researchers at Scripps Florida and collaborators have won a $7.2 million grant to develop new RNA-based treatments for ALS and frontotemporal dementia. The project aims to create small-molecule drug candidates that target the root cause of these diseases.
A study by the University of Edinburgh reveals that dynamic DNA properties can ward off gene damage and promote genome organization. The research highlights the importance of scaffold attachment factor A in forming a protective chromatin mesh that allows for flexible and responsive cell signals.
Researchers have gained near-atomic resolution insights into the disaggregase protein's unfolding process, which helps break apart toxic protein aggregates. The study's findings suggest a ratchet-like mechanism and potential applications in developing new drugs or understanding biological processes.
Scientists develop a new method for identifying palm species in the Neotropical genus Syagrus by analyzing the first few millimeters of the leaflet margin. This technique is useful when other morphological characteristics are unclear, providing a reliable alternative for species identification.
Researchers found that as predators grew in size, they targeted smaller prey rather than larger quarry, suggesting a shift in ecological dynamics. The study's findings support the escalation hypothesis, which posits that top-down pressure from larger predators drove key evolutionary developments in prey species.
A team of engineers at the University of Pennsylvania has developed a new model that better simulates how cells interact with their environment and form focal adhesions. This understanding is crucial for diagnosing and combating cancer, as it reveals the importance of dynamic processes in cellular behavior.
Scientists propose Induced Cell Turnover (ICT) to coordinate endogenous cell ablation with replacement cell administration. This method aims to manually vacate niches for new cells to engraft, minimizing the formation of scar tissue and promoting controlled turnover of aged tissues.
Researchers have obtained the first 3D snapshots of a sperm protein attached to a complementary egg coat protein at the beginning of fertilization. The study reveals a common egg protein architecture involved in sperm recognition in both mollusc and mammal species.
Researchers found that cells under frog skin contribute to regeneration after injury. This discovery could lead to understanding human skin repair mechanisms and developing treatments for scar-free healing.
Researchers will develop special channel soundings and software-defined radio systems to deliver ultra-reliability in emergency situations. They aim to address unique challenges such as link failures and signal blockage, enabling first responders to relay video in moving ambulances and control robots in restricted indoor environments.
The James Webb Space Telescope will observe a range of celestial objects, from the outer planets and Kuiper Belt to exoplanets and distant galaxies. The initial 2100 observations planned will address various science areas, including first light, galaxy assembly, and star and planet birth.
Researchers identify early stress as a molecular basis for lifelong depression susceptibility, revealing a critical role for the developmental transcription factor Otx2. Mice stressed in early life exhibit suppressed Otx2 levels and increased depression-like behavior in adulthood, highlighting a sensitive period for brain development.
A new study reveals that Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) have become endemic in Washington, D.C. healthcare facilities, with a prevalence rate of 5.2%. The study, which monitored 16 facilities, found that male patients and adults aged 20-39 had higher rates of CRE infection.
Researchers investigate face perception's impact on human behavior, including recognizing emotions, forming impressions, and making judgments. The study reveals the complexities of face processing and its role in shaping our interactions with others.
A study from the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that varying diet formulation and pasture management can significantly affect greenhouse gas emissions on organic dairy farms. The researchers identified four feeding strategies, with diets featuring more soybeans resulting in lower nitrous oxide emissions.
A growing number of businesses and governments have adopted the circular economy framework, aiming to keep resources in use for longer. The Journal of Industrial Ecology special issue explores the concept's complexities and opportunities, including product design methods, social forces, and challenges of implementing circularity efforts.
Duke University researchers have identified a potential new mechanism for Parkinson's disease, suggesting that misfolded alpha-synuclein protein spreads from gut endocrine cells to the brain. This finding could lead to earlier diagnosis and development of therapies targeting the protein.
Researchers at the Weizmann Institute of Science used advanced radiocarbon dating methods to determine the age of a massive stone tower in Jerusalem. The new date, around 800-900 BCE, is nearly 1,000 years younger than the previously assigned date of 1700 BCE and moves the construction of the tower to the Iron Age.
A new computational method uses data from medical imaging to create a color-coded 'digital lego brain' model that predicts organ deformation under surgical action. This allows surgeons to virtually rehearse operations and anticipate potential complications.
Researchers have identified a biomarker that can detect increased risk of stroke and heart attack in lupus patients without CVD symptoms. A study found that lupus patients with high levels of High Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T (HS-cTnT) are eight times more likely to develop fatty deposits in their carotid arteries.
The Pew Charitable Trusts has awarded funding to ten Latin American postdoctoral scientists conducting innovative research in the US. The program aims to foster global collaboration and address regional health challenges.
A new study reveals that US scientific teams still publish more biomedical research discoveries than any other country, but China's rising investment is slowly closing the gap. Chinese teams now rank fourth globally for new discoveries published in top-tier journals.
Researchers at Yale University developed a brief and reliable survey tool to measure resilience in children and adolescents displaced by the Syrian conflict. The tool identifies individual, family, and cultural sources of strength and asks respondents to rate statements on a five-point scale.
Researchers created a system that uses continuous flow technology to produce pharmaceutical compounds, improving safety and yield. The new approach yielded 24 kilograms of chemotherapy agent prexasertib over three days, demonstrating its effectiveness.
A new study suggests that meditation and yoga can 'reverse' the molecular reactions in our DNA caused by stress, leading to improved mental and physical health. The research found that these mind-body interventions decrease production of NF-kB and cytokines, reducing inflammation and associated diseases.
A large-scale study found that the evolution of word meanings in English metaphors follows a systematic and predictable pattern over the past 1100 years. The researchers identified key domains where word senses transitioned from literal to metaphorical meaning, including emotionality and embodiment.
A recent study found that consuming foods high in polyunsaturated fats, such as walnuts and salmon, can favorably change appetite hormones in young adults. The study participants experienced a decrease in fasting ghrelin and an increase in peptide YY, leading to better appetite control.
A recent study by Rajend Mesthrie found that gender is a stronger predictor of language change than class among young black university students in post-apartheid South Africa. The research showed that female students are more likely to adopt the 'crossover' language varieties, which were previously associated with white-dominated groups.
Researchers have discovered that a gene called Mt2 in Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes produces an enzyme that blocks the transmission of deadly diseases. The study suggests that this mechanism can be replicated without Wolbachia, potentially opening new avenues for disease control without releasing modified insects into the wild.
A study published in the Journal of Graduate Medical Education found that transgender actors can effectively teach new doctors to provide sensitive care. The researchers used standardized patients, including a transgender actress, to assess residents' communication skills and patient satisfaction. The results showed that the training a...
Long-term colorectal cancer survivors who use NSAIDs experience a 25% reduction in all-cause mortality and a 40% survival benefit when taking the drugs after diagnosis for KRAS wild-type tumors
ASU scientists develop technique using zircon crystals to trace pulses of heat inside a volcano, which may help better predict risk. The new findings suggest that heat pulses before an eruption both begin and end more abruptly than previously thought.
Three Penn researchers, Elizabeth Grice, Vijay Bhoj, and Kara Maxwell, have been awarded $1.9 million in Burroughs Wellcome Fund grants to investigate skin microbiome functions and CAR T-cell immunotherapy for Hemophilia A. The grants aim to advance our understanding of human infectious diseases and cancer research.
Research suggests dressmakers have superior stereovision, improving visual acuity by 43%. This sharpens their ability to thread needles and navigate 3D spaces.
A study found that 37% of heater-cooler units tested positive for the bacterium Mycobacterium chimaera, which can cause fatal infections. The devices, used in over 60% of heart bypass procedures in the US, can contaminate patient blood and organs during surgery.
The Child Mind Institute has released a comprehensive open dataset from the Healthy Brain Network study, featuring behavioral and cognitive assessments, brain imaging, genetics, and more. This dataset will enable researchers to identify biomarkers for childhood mental health disorders and develop new diagnostic tools.
Scientists developed an organ-on-a-chip model that mimics human retinal cells and vascular endothelial cells. The model replicates neovascularization in wet-type age-related macular degeneration, offering a potential alternative to animal models for disease modeling and drug screening.