A study published in PLOS Pathogens reveals the molecular binding partners of a chronic virus, providing new insights into the development of chronic viral infections and potential targets for treatment. The researchers mapped protein interactions using a novel approach, identifying essential proteins for viral survival and host defense.
A study published in Neurology found that eating at least one serving of green, leafy vegetables a day was linked to a slower rate of decline on tests of memory and thinking skills. The difference was equivalent to being 11 years younger in age.
A recent study found that poor oral health, including complete tooth loss and dry mouth, was associated with an increased risk of frailty in older individuals. The findings suggest that managing poor oral health could be important in preventing frailty.
Scientists have discovered that the basis for photosynthesis in today's plants was set in place 1.25 billion years ago, according to a new study published in Geology. The research pinpoints the age of ancient algae fossils, which had previously been estimated between 720 million and 1.2 billion years.
New research suggests that a diet low in branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) may improve metabolic health and promote leanness. The study found that obese mice on a specialized diet experienced improved glucose metabolism and energy expenditure despite not reducing overall calorie intake.
The European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) recommends multidisciplinary long-term follow-up after bariatric surgery, with primary care playing a crucial role. Guidelines cover essential topics such as nutrition, co-morbidities, pregnancy, and mental health, aiming to provide appropriate first-level medical care.
Research found that entitled individuals are more likely to disregard instructions because they view them as an unfair imposition. To improve compliance, organizations should frame instructions in a way that makes them seem fairer or more legitimate, according to the study's authors.
A study published in Springer's Sex Roles journal found that men under the influence of alcohol are more likely to objectify women. The researchers used eye-tracking technology to analyze how men viewed images of attractive and unattractive women, revealing that intoxication increases the likelihood of viewing women as sexual objects.
Researchers have discovered how cells adapt to stressors by reprogramming their internal signaling networks, which could lead to therapeutics for multiple diseases. The studies focus on cellular mechanisms that protect against cell death and dysfunction, particularly in the context of endoplasmic reticulum stress.
A new study by University of Cambridge researchers found that low national governance is the strongest predictor of declining species numbers. Protected areas do maintain biodiversity when situated in stable countries with strong legal and social structures.
A large cohort study found that 25% of chikungunya-infected individuals experienced chronic joint pain two years after initial infection. The researchers also identified several predictors of persistent joint pain, including being a college graduate and having severe initial symptoms.
UCSB mechanical engineer Daniel Gianola and colleagues use machine learning to predict material failure based on a new concept of softness. By analyzing disordered materials, they found that the size of correlated softness is identical to the number of particles in motion during failure.
A new study by Rice University professor Xue Gao outlines a strategy using gene editing to slow the progression of genetic hearing disease. The research found that delivering RNA protein complexes into hair cells significantly increased hair cell survival rates and preserved hearing in rodents.
Researchers have detected mobile genetic elements that can switch off gene expression, altering protein production in eukaryotic organisms. These elements are prevalent in genomes of plants and fungi, but their impact is often negative, leading to degeneration and reduced productivity.
Emission line galaxies, or cosmic lanterns, help us understand the composition and fate of the Universe. These galaxies show strong emission lines from heated gas, allowing precise distance determination and insight into galaxy formation and evolution.
A new UGR study found tramadol affects cycling performance and sustained attention, with divergent results between two experiments. The researchers agree that more research is needed to conclusively establish the substance's impact on sports and cognitive performance.
A new study examined the social functioning of 169 middle-aged adults with autism spectrum disorders, revealing unmet needs in areas such as employment, social relationships, and community participation.
The American Chemical Society reviews the most intriguing chemistry stories of 2017, including breakthroughs in computing and molecular machines. Chemists also demonstrated their support for science through marches and rallies, while environmental groups protested the Trump administration's TSCA implementation delays.
A new study by NIH researchers found a molecular basis for the theory of aging, suggesting that environmental stressors can shorten lifespan. The study identified a protein called Mthl10, which helps flies defend against inflammation but ultimately shortens their life.
The study found that protesters lowered the stock market valuations of politically connected firms by 13% relative to other firms. The researchers also discovered a connection between protest crowd size and valuation changes, with larger crowds leading to lower valuations for NDP-connected firms.
A University at Buffalo study found that Somali Bantu refugee women are hesitant to use hormonal birth control due to Western cultural norms. However, they are open to using family planning methods to space births and have children. The research highlights the importance of considering cultural perspective in healthcare.
A new class of medicines called HIF-2a inhibitors, including PT2385, have shown promise in treating metastatic kidney cancer. The drug blocked tumor growth for at least 4 months in 40% of patients and stopped cancer growth for over a year in 25% of patients with minimal side effects.
A team at MIT has developed a rapid screening method for new solar cell materials, bypassing time-consuming lab tests and improving accuracy. The approach uses simple lab tests combined with computer modeling to predict material performance, accelerating the search for more efficient materials.
A study of 6,051 patients with coronary artery disease found that being unmarried was associated with a 24% higher risk of death from any cause. Unmarried individuals were also at a higher risk of cardiovascular death/heart attack, with a 52% increased risk compared to married patients.
Scientists propose that Martian surface reacted with water and then absorbed it, increasing rock oxidation. The planet's composition, temperature profile and iron content made the surface prone to reaction, dragging water down into the mantle.
A new study found that young people who have good contact with their grandparents have the lowest levels of ageism. Poor quality of contact was the most important factor associated with ageist stereotypes in children and adolescents.
Researchers in Southern Europe face significant challenges in achieving nearly zero-energy buildings due to sociological and climatic factors. The study highlights the need for improved regulations, design, construction, and use of these buildings to address thermal comfort issues and minimize environmental impact.
Researchers at the University of New Mexico and Washington State University have created a catalyst capable of reducing pollutants at lower temperatures expected in advanced engines. The new catalyst uses smaller amounts of platinum, the most expensive component of emission-control catalysts, while maintaining high temperature stability.
Researchers from UBC and UNC Chapel Hill discovered that halogens can increase conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells by 25%. The presence of halogens accelerates electron transfer, allowing for faster regeneration of the light-absorbing dye.
The compound anle138b was shown to close harmful openings in the membrane of nerve cells and induce conformational changes that modify pore conductivity. Treatment with anle138b normalized brain activity and improved learning ability in mice affected by Alzheimer's disease, regardless of when treatment started.
Researchers at Monash University have identified a novel molecular 'blueprint' that enables the immune system to fight disease by 'remembering' past infections. This discovery potentially opens new avenues for improving vaccines and therapies, including those targeting cancer and autoimmune diseases.
A cervical pessary significantly reduced the risk of spontaneous preterm birth at less than 34 weeks. Pregnant women with a short cervix who used the device had a lower rate of preterm birth compared to those without the device.
A study published in PLOS Medicine found that cell salvage did not significantly reduce the need for donor blood transfusions during caesarean sections. However, it showed promise in reducing transfusions in emergency caesareans. Further research is necessary to confirm these findings.
A new study by Hebrew University researcher Ran Hassin reveals that our unconscious mind quickly registers faces associated with power and potential threat, while ignoring those deemed trustworthy. The findings have implications for understanding mental disorders such as autism and PTSD.
A team of Uppsala researchers discovered a wealth of previously unknown microscopic animal fossils in Greenland rocks, dating back over half a billion years. The finds reveal a diverse array of soft-bodied organisms that likely made up the majority of ancient ecosystems.
A new study in Nature Communications reveals the link between exploding stars, clouds, and climate on Earth. The research shows that atmospheric ions produced by cosmic rays accelerate the growth of aerosols into cloud condensation nuclei, influencing cloud formation and climate.
Researchers isolated 1,380 genes related to biting and non-biting in the pitcher plant mosquito, identifying 902 biting and 478 non-biting genes. The study provides a starting point for discovering genetic pathways that can be manipulated to reduce transmission of vector-borne diseases.
Research suggests that women with unexplained infertility have higher levels of a hormone stimulating the thyroid gland, negatively impacting their ability to conceive. The study found nearly twice as many women with unexplained infertility had elevated TSH levels compared to those with known infertility causes.
Researchers developed a molecular printing technique, 3DEAL, to create complex hydrogel environments with controlled chemical composition. This allows for the design of new drug screening platforms and tissue-engineered constructs with spatially controlled gradients or patterns.
The American Heart Association funded a three-year study to investigate the effect of a low energy dense diet on preschoolers. The researchers provided nutrition education to over 230 children at seven local preschools, aiming to improve their dietary choices.
A study published in The Journal of Pediatrics found that sexually abused girls receive more medical diagnoses for urinary and genital health problems compared to their peers. Researchers also discovered no significant difference in the number of diagnoses for sexually transmitted infections between girls and boys.
Researchers at Lobachevsky University have found that bee venom inhibits the growth of malignant tumors and can enhance biological activity in the body. The study also suggests that bee products may be used to treat diabetes mellitus by lowering blood sugar levels.
A new study found that community screening for osteoporosis reduced hip fractures by 28% in older women. Screening identified those at risk and led to targeted treatment, resulting in a significant decrease in hip fractures.
A new study by UC San Diego researchers reveals that combining pesticides and limited nutrient sources causes a synergistic effect on bee survival, increasing deaths by up to 50%. The scientists used honey bees as test subjects due to their role as agricultural pollinators and environmental bioindicators.
The new app, developed by Intermountain Healthcare researchers, monitors heart failure patients' medical tests and health status to promptly notify clinicians. Using the app led to significantly improved detection of disease advancements, with intervention patients' survival rates increasing.
Researchers developed a mouse model where the FXN gene defect causing Friedreich’s ataxia can be turned on or off, revealing that many early symptoms are reversible. The study found that reducing frataxin levels led to symptoms similar to those seen in humans with the disease, which disappeared when frataxin levels returned to normal.
The Biophysical Society has announced the winners of its 2018 Committee for Inclusion and Diversity Travel Awards, which aim to encourage participation at the Annual Meeting by underrepresented students and postdoctoral fellows. This year's recipients represent various universities and research institutions across the US.
The study reveals a novel mechanism by which cancer cells become dependent on methionine, an essential amino acid. Researchers propose using existing drugs like sulfasalazine to trigger this dependency and induce cancer cell death.
A new study by Michigan Medicine finds that babies with spina bifida have early symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing, which can contribute to lifelong issues with neurodevelopment. The research team identified SDB in all 20 newborns with the most serious form of spina bifida.
A modeling study by Massachusetts General Hospital investigators finds that antiviral drugs can reduce the risk of complications from HCV-positive liver transplantation. The study suggests that HCV-negative patients with severe liver disease may benefit from receiving an HCV-positive liver followed by antiviral treatment.
The recipients are selected based on scientific merit and will present their research during the meeting, receive a travel grant, and be recognized at a reception. The awardees include students and postdoctoral fellows from various institutions.
Recent research suggests up to 5% of modern humans' DNA originated from Neanderthal populations, sparking questions about species' genetic makeup. Dr. Anthony J. Tosi's new NSF-funded project aims to investigate the evolutionary mechanics of hybridization across a primate radiation.
Researchers have discovered that T cells with a protein called CD26 on their surface are highly effective against aggressive solid tumors. These cells, previously overlooked in cancer immunotherapy, can resist apoptosis and repopulate after infusion, making them ideal for adoptive cell transfer therapy.
Daniela Kraft has been selected as the winner of the Biophysical Journal Paper of the Year Award for 2017 for her research on microparticle assembly pathways on lipid membranes. The award recognizes outstanding contributions to biophysics, highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary research in this field.
A review article reveals that thyroid hormones and biochemical pathways drive seasonal reproduction in some mammals. The study suggests that increased triiodothyronine (T3) levels regulate gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion in a seasonal fashion.
Researchers at UCSF have developed a test that can predict how patients with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia will respond to treatment, potentially identifying those who are likely to recover spontaneously. The test uses epigenetic annotations of the genome and has been validated in an additional group of patients treated in Germany.
A new study found that cigarette smoking rates increased among individuals with substance use disorders, including hallucinogens and heroin, while decreasing among those with cannabis use disorders. More than half of individuals with a substance use disorder reported cigarette use in the past month, compared to 18% without a disorder.
Researchers found that mutations in two components interact with each other, increasing the system's freedom to change and evolve. The study provides a mechanistic understanding of how genetic structure determines patterns of epistasis.
A University of Sydney team has developed quantum control techniques to enable ultra-sensitive quantum sensors that can identify tiny signals while rejecting background noise. The new protocols reduce spectral leakage by many orders of magnitude over conventional methods, with applications in medicine and defence.
A new study by RAND Corporation found that a new supermarket in a low-income neighborhood can improve residents' economic well-being and health. Researchers surveyed 831 residents and reported improvements in economic benchmarks, such as reduced food insecurity and lower rates of high cholesterol.