A new Berkeley Lab study finds that cool roofs can save up to 9% of outdoor water consumption in California counties. Widespread adoption could result in 83 million gallons of water savings daily in Los Angeles County.
Andy Tay Kah Ping, a postdoctoral researcher at Stanford University, has been awarded the inaugural MRS Bulletin Postdoctoral Publication Prize. He was recognized for his exceptional academic credentials, scientific publications, and science communication efforts.
Researchers at LSU Health will test the effectiveness of physical exercise to improve blood sugar regulation in HIV/AIDS patients who also consume alcohol. The studies aim to decrease the burden of disease in this vulnerable population and guide larger scale interventions to reduce metabolic disorders.
A large-scale study found that low physical activity and inefficient sleep patterns intensify genetic risk factors for obesity, confirming previous findings with new, more objective measurements. The study also showed a gene-activity interaction between physical activity levels and genetic variants associated with obesity.
A new satellite imaging tool has been used to track elevation changes for mountain glaciers in the US, confirming significant loss of ice over the past 60 years. The results show that cumulative ice loss at Mount Rainier is equivalent to removing a layer of ice about 25 feet thick.
The Youth Enjoy Science (YES) Program at CWRU School of Medicine aims to interest and recruit underrepresented minorities in cancer research careers. The program provides a comprehensive approach to training middle school through college undergraduates, with the goal of increasing diversity in scientific research.
Researchers have demonstrated that incoherent electrons can induce coherence in molecular systems through attachment, leading to the ejection of ions in a preferred direction. This breakthrough has significant implications for controlling chemical reactions using photons and understanding the dynamics of excited molecular negative ions.
A recent study published in Cell reveals a new mechanism in the gut microbiome that regulates pro- and anti-inflammatory cells, potentially preventing inflammatory bowel disease. The research also suggests that changes in the gut microbiome can increase the risk of other autoimmune disorders.
Researchers developed an efficient technique to compensate for position errors in a spherical near to far-field transformation for long antennas, using minimum near-field measurements. The method achieves accurate reconstructions of uniform samples from non-uniform ones, enabling the evaluation of input data needed for traditional NTFFT.
Researchers are launching a national study to understand why fewer than 30% of children with sickle cell disease receive transcranial Doppler screening, which can prevent strokes. The goal is to identify barriers and implement strategies to increase access to the life-saving test.
Researchers from Brigham and Women's Hospital and Monash University uncover the basis for T cell receptor autoreactivity to self-phospholipids, with implications for psoriasis, contact hypersensitivities, and allergies. The study highlights the physical structures that enable lipid recognition by T cells.
Tufts Medical Center joins a new initiative to advance critical emergency medicine research with the Strategies to Innovate EmeRgENcy Care Clinical Trials Network (SIREN) Network. The SIREN Network will conduct large-scale clinical trials to test new treatments in cardiology and neurology.
Research predicts increased inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) rates in developing countries as they adopt Western lifestyles and become more industrialized. IBD incidence is expected to rise dramatically, posing a global health challenge.
Global CO2 emissions have stalled for the third consecutive year, with fossil carbon dioxide emissions slowing down since 2012. Meanwhile, methane and nitrous oxide emissions continue to rise, driven by agricultural activities and industrial production in key countries like China, US, and India.
Research from Helmholtz Zentrum München reveals a new mechanism by which obesity fuels the growth of breast cancer. The enzyme ACC1 plays a central role in this process, and blocking its activity with an antibody treatment can halt this mechanism.
The five-year grant will prepare 18 master's-level scholars in AAC practices to improve services for children, teens, and young adults with complex communication needs. Scholars will develop competencies in evidence-based practices related to instruction, assessment, collaboration, and individualized support.
A new vaccine under development offers comprehensive coverage against up to 90 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, targeting deadly forms of the bacterium that cause pneumonia. The vaccine stimulates a strong immune response and may provide universal coverage against pneumococcal disease.
The IOF Compendium documents the growing global burden of osteoporosis, with projected increases in fractures expected to pose a huge challenge on healthcare systems. The report outlines eight priority actions to stem this burden, including provision of Orthogeriatric and Fracture Liaison Services.
Researchers from National University of Singapore invented a novel converter that can harness the speed and small size of plasmons for high frequency data processing and transmission. The converter has an efficiency of over 10% and can potentially make microprocessor chips work 1,000 times faster.
Researchers found that an experimental drug stimulates alpha-7 nicotinic receptors, reducing inflammation and improving lung function in mice with chronic allergic conditions. The treatment also activated M2 macrophages, associated with tissue repair, and reduced pro-inflammatory molecules.
Researchers used multi-omics profiling to study prediabetic individuals, finding that each person has a unique molecular profile. The study aimed to develop personalized approaches to prevent diseases like diabetes by analyzing environmental stressors and lifestyle factors.
Scientists have created a first simple and standardized research tool to study protein aggregation in live cells. The tool, called yTRAP, allows researchers to quantify, manipulate, and track protein aggregates in yeast cells.
Osteocytes are identified as the major source of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) during orthodontic tooth movement, regulating bone remodeling and osteoclastic differentiation.
Researchers at Rice University have developed microfluidic devices to study the interaction between asphaltene and dispersants, revealing that smaller particles are more likely to stick together. The study found that dispersants can break down deposits by increasing repulsion between aggregates, creating softer asphaltenes.
A new investigation reveals that human brains are less impaired than skeletal muscles when experiencing extreme physical and mental exertion. The 'selfish brain' hypothesis suggests that the brain prioritizes its own energy needs over peripheral organs, potentially contributing to human evolution's trade-offs.
Researchers discover nearly perfect genetic transmission of the virus from a father to his son, suggesting that HSV-1 may not change much when transmitted between closely related individuals. However, transmission between unrelated hosts may provide an opportunity for greater genetic diversity and potential changes in virulence.
University of Utah researchers found that metacognition training improved general chemistry exam scores for lower-performing students. On average, these students raised their final exam scores by 4%, with the strongest improvement seen in the bottom quartile, who scored a full letter grade better.
Researchers have developed a new quantum simulation protocol to understand key properties of interacting quantum field theories. The protocol uses cold atoms as controllable quantum sensors to measure the generating functional, a fundamental concept in quantum field theory.
A study published in Palaeontology found that the Late Triassic mass extinction did not fundamentally alter marine ecosystem function. Despite significant species loss, marine ecosystems continued to operate with reduced diversity among remaining species.
The Suomi NPP satellite captured an image of Typhoon Lan with a well-formed, circular eye surrounded by powerful thunderstorms. The storm had maximum sustained winds near 100 knots and is forecast to make landfall south of Tokyo as a typhoon on Oct. 22.
Barry Simon has made significant contributions to mathematical physics, including spectral theory, phase transitions, and geometric phases. His work has deeply influenced generations of researchers through his influential books, such as 'Methods of Modern Mathematical Physics'.
A new study published in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine found that e-cigarettes trigger both unique and familiar immune responses in the lungs. Researchers compared sputum samples from e-cigarette users, cigarette smokers, and non-smokers, revealing significant increases in inflammatory biomarkers, oxida...
A team of scientists developed an innovative way to prevent sleeping sickness in cattle using the smell of antelopes. By mimicking the waterbuck's repellent scent, more than 80 percent of cows were spared from infection. The method is cheaper and more popular among Maasai herders than traditional treatments.
Researchers have discovered a new magnetic phase transition in a uranium-ruthenium crystal at extremely high magnetic fields. At around 21.6 Tesla, the magnetic moments of uranium atoms point alternatingly up-up-down in opposite directions, forming an uncompensated antiferromagnetic order.
New research suggests e-cigarettes can lead to lung disease, triggering increased neutrophil activation and altered mucin secretion. The study found similar biomarkers of oxidative stress and activation of innate defense mechanisms associated with lung disease in both e-cigarette and cigarette users.
A study introduced a simplified childbirth guide at Mnazi Mmoja Hospital in Zanzibar, reducing stillbirths by 33% and improving newborn health. The PartoMa guidelines, developed with local doctors and midwives, have been widely adopted and are being used to inform healthcare policies in low-income countries.
A new PSU study finds that Prozac in ocean water can cause Oregon shore crabs to exhibit risky behavior, increasing their vulnerability to predators. The research highlights the potential risks of pharmaceuticals in the environment on animal survival.
Researchers at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz found that chromosomes are likely entangled, suggesting they may be knotted. The team used mathematical algorithms to examine 3D polymer models of chromosomes and extended the models to determine if they contain knots.
Rare variants combined with background genetic risk factors may account for many unexplained cases of familial breast cancer. The study identified at least 46 genes that were associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in patients with familial breast cancer.
The Lancet Commission report finds that global pollution is responsible for 16% of all deaths worldwide. Pollution disproportionately affects low- and middle-income countries, particularly poor and marginalized communities. Accelerating the transition to cleaner energy sources can reduce air pollution and improve human health.
Dartmouth College introduces several cutting-edge technology projects, including RetroShape, a smart watch that provides tactile feedback, and Frictio, a smart ring with calendar alerts. Pyro, a thumb-tip recognition technique, also showcases improved finger gesture interaction with computing applications.
Researchers produced high-energy photon beams using a new method, exceeding known limits and paving the way for deeper understanding of atomic nuclei. The discovery has potential applications in future large-scale laser facilities and could lead to new sources of energy.
Alicia Timme-Laragy's research investigates the health effects of PFOS and its replacement chemical PFBS on embryos of fish, worms, and fruit flies. The study aims to understand how these pollutants affect nutrient deposition and later-life metabolic dysfunction.
A new tropical depression has formed in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean, hours after a neighboring system dissipated. The storm is currently disorganized and moving northwest towards Guam, with maximum sustained winds near 35 knots.
Researchers at UC Davis will analyze the role of academic brands in modern universities, exploring how they reflect and shape university identity. The study aims to understand the relationship between branding, metrics, and excellence, with potential implications for faculty recruitment and funding.
The University of Freiburg is launching a new centre to promote African knowledge production and sustainable governance. The MICAS Africa centre will bring together top researchers from Africa and the world to address global imbalances in knowledge.
A team of researchers has discovered a new function of the gene-regulatory protein CBP, which affects the recruitment and release of RNA polymerase from genes. This finding enhances our understanding of gene regulation and provides insights into why CBP is often affected in certain forms of cancer.
Researchers found that artificial lighting near waterways attracts more flying insects and changes the predator community living beneath the lights. The study highlights the importance of considering ecological impacts when designing new lighting concepts.
The University of Minnesota Medical School's Center for Magnetic Resonance Research has received a NIH R01 grant to investigate the underlying trajectory of brain chemistry in healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease. The project aims to identify abnormal metabolic pathways in Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers at Northwestern University have developed a powerful RNA switch that can activate genes thousands of times better than nature, providing precise control over gene expression. This technology has potential applications in diagnostics, metabolic engineering, and regulating RNA networks.
The study found that loss of PTEN leads to high levels of PI(3,4)P2, which could result in hyperactivation of AKT, a key regulator of cell growth. This discovery may help identify patients who will benefit from targeted therapies.
Researchers analyzed complete mitochondrial genomes from ancient saber-toothed cat samples, finding that the two species shared a common ancestor about 20 million years ago. The study suggests that saber-toothed cats continued to live in Europe much more recently than previously thought.
The research highlights the importance of peaceful transition to inclusive democracy and power-sharing in facilitating voluntary returns. Notably, older people with positive memories of before wartime were more likely to return, while women were less likely to want to go back. The study also emphasizes the crucial role of lawyers and n...
Scientists found that H7N9 avian flu viruses can spread among ferrets via respiratory droplets and are minimally responsive to commonly used antiviral drugs. The study also shows that these viruses have a high potential for pandemic due to their efficient replication in human airway cells and the lungs of animal models.
A pilot case control study found improvements in TBI, PPCS, and PTSD symptoms, brain blood flow, depression, anxiety, and quality of life after HBOT. Significant reductions in suicidal ideation and anxiety were also observed.
Scientists have unveiled a dataset mapping diverse migrant communities in the EU, providing insights for policymakers to develop targeted integration policies. The maps reveal residential patterns of migrants by nationality or country of origin, highlighting concentration, diversity, and segregation within cities.
The study found a near doubling of median overall survival (27.8 months) and no grade 3 or higher toxicities for patients receiving higher radiation doses with adaptive MR guided radiation therapy, compared to those receiving lower doses via non-adaptive treatments.
Researchers have designed a solar peaker plant that can store energy thermally to deliver power after dark, making it a viable alternative to fossil fuels for peaking. The plants, which use molten salt tower technology, can operate for up to 6 hours and have a capacity factor of 15-25%.
Patients with a history of heart attack are more likely to use emotion-focused coping strategies, while those without a history of heart disease use problem-focused approaches. These inefficient coping methods can exacerbate stress and impact quality of life.
A new deep learning approach has been developed to classify the shapes of red blood cells in a patient's blood, which could help monitor people with sickle cell disease. The system successfully classified red blood cell shape for both oxygenated and deoxygenated cells.