A new study by NYU Steinhardt School found that over 60% of the racial gap in college completion rates can be attributed to pre-college factors. The study analyzed data from kindergarten to college completion for Texas students and found that poverty and academic preparation were key drivers of the achievement gap between Hispanic and ...
Researchers found that warmer temperatures led to the extinction of smaller springtail species, while larger species survived due to their ability to adapt and escape predators. This study highlights the complex interactions between species under climate change conditions.
Researchers at Linköping University developed a non-invasive magnetic resonance spectroscopy test to diagnose fatty liver disease. The new method can detect liver damage with as little as 3% fat content, increasing sensitivity and accuracy.
Cyclone 14P is being blown apart by strong westerly wind shear, weakening its maximum sustained winds and pushing strongest storms east of the center. Infrared light imagery from NASA's Aqua satellite reveals cloud top temperatures as cold as minus 63 degrees Fahrenheit.
Researchers identify that cardiac muscle cells both destroy and create new mitochondria in response to ischemia/reperfusion injury, which can cause long-term effects or fatal heart failure. This discovery may lead to the development of new treatments to speed up healing from open-heart surgery.
The Hubble Space Telescope captured the largest planet in our solar system, Jupiter, at unprecedented resolution. The telescope revealed exquisite details in Jupiter's atmosphere, including small-scale storm systems and wind patterns that reach speeds of up to 400 miles per hour.
The eastern Arctic Ocean is exhibiting vertical mixing similar to the Atlantic Ocean, leading to record-breaking losses of sea ice in summers. The changes have substantial impacts on the Arctic Ocean system, including enhanced atmosphere-ocean interactions and altered freshwater storage patterns.
A large clinical trial is being conducted to identify the most promising Ebola vaccination regimens to protect people from the disease. The PREVAC trial will enroll over 5,000 adults and children in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone to evaluate three experimental vaccine strategies.
Scientists reconstruct past climate records from Tibetan Plateau sediment samples, revealing a greater than 6 million year earlier onset of 100,000 year climate cycles. The findings suggest that Antarctic ice sheet fluctuations in the late Miocene exerted dominant control on these cycles.
Researchers have developed a way to deliver drugs to specific types of neurons in the brain, allowing for more precise study and treatment of neurological diseases. The new method, DART, reveals how movement difficulties in Parkinson's Disease are controlled by the AMPA receptor, offering a new approach to treating the disease.
A study from the University of Vermont found that imitating old-growth forests enhances carbon storage in managed forestland. The new technique, called structural complexity enhancement, showed higher levels of carbon storage than conventional forestry methods.
A new study suggests that brain inflammation and cognitive decline following surgery are triggered by the brain's own microglia. In a mouse model, experimental oral drug depletion of microglia ahead of surgery prevented memory loss and reduced inflammatory molecules in the hippocampus.
Researchers at Saarland University create a flexible, ultra-thin superconducting film with potential applications in space technology and medical devices. The material can screen electromagnetic fields and levitate magnets, making it ideal for applications where weight is an issue.
The Trump administration can fundamentally transform a fragmented and expensive healthcare system by putting patients first. Dr. Stephen K. Klasko offers 12 recommendations for true transformation, urging the president to embrace change.
Researchers have developed a new collection of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to study human genetic variation. The iPSCORE collection includes 222 iPSC lines from diverse ethnic groups, enabling researchers to investigate the segregation of traits and their molecular mechanisms.
Researchers found that the prefrontal cortex teaches the hippocampus to differentiate goal-related memories, enabling rapid integration of memories with goals. This cognitive flexibility is disrupted in neuropsychiatric conditions like schizophrenia and depression.
Lenvio Inc. has exclusively licensed Hyperion, a malware behavior detection technology from Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), to quickly identify malicious software behavior. This technology improves upon traditional signature detection methods, providing a new class of cyber protection against large-scale cybersecurity threats.
Scientists have identified a molecular switch that converts skin cells into cells making up blood vessels, which could be used to repair damaged vessels in patients with heart disease. The technique boosts levels of an enzyme that keeps cells young and may circumvent the usual aging that cells undergo during culturing.
Scientists have discovered that the 3D organisation of the genome arises when the first zygotic genes are transcribed, and these boundaries are maintained throughout development. This finding helps explain why the TAD organisation of genomes is similar across tissue types and evolutionary conserved regions between species.
A new database of plant metabolites and computer tool have been developed to identify healthful antioxidants in tomato skins. The researchers found that valuable substances produced by exotic plants may be derived from more common species, and these findings suggest a broader range of potential uses for plant metabolism.
Researchers discovered that memories are formed simultaneously in the hippocampus and long-term storage location in the cortex. Traces of memories remain in the hippocampus for two weeks before becoming mature, challenging standard models of memory consolidation.
Case Western Reserve University researchers aim to combat chronic inflammation by targeting oral complications in HIV patients, which can lead to malnourishment and further weaken the immune system. The team will investigate regulatory T-cells and study tissues from HIV-positive patients taking common antiretroviral drugs.
A study by Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and San Diego State University found that children carry high levels of nicotine on their hands even when no one is actively smoking around them. This exposure is associated with various health problems, including respiratory issues and asthma attacks.
The USDA is providing $18 million in funding to support 19 historically black land-grant colleges and universities, aiming to enhance their research, teaching, and extension programs. This investment will benefit students, professors, and institutions, with a focus on addressing nutritional security challenges and fostering a strong ag...
A Brazilian research team developed an optomechanical device that boosts the coupling between light waves and mechanical waves to higher levels than similar devices. This enables the creation of highly customizable sensors for detecting force and motion, as well as potential applications in telecommunications as optical modulators.
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors including abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, and insulin resistance, increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes. Overweight and obesity contribute to metabolic syndrome, affecting 1 in 3 adults and 40% of adults aged 40 and older
A longitudinal study of 96 children found that high-quality early education improves social skills, employment status, and parent-child relationships. The treatment group showed significant advantages in middle age, with improved family bonds, assets, and a greater sense of social equality.
New research reveals teachers are leaving due to oppressive policies and practices affecting their working conditions. The studies suggest a move away from standardized testing and towards supporting students' needs.
Salk scientists have discovered a chemical cocktail that enables cultured mouse and human stem cells to generate both embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues. This breakthrough could lead to better disease modeling, drug discovery, and tissue regeneration, particularly in the field of organ regeneration.
Research reveals that honey bees can see objects as small as 1.9°, 30% better than previously recorded, and detect smaller details, improving navigation and survival. This discovery has implications for understanding insect vision and could aid in designing bio-inspired robotics.
The Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging has published appropriate use criteria (AUC) for bone scintigraphy in patients with prostate or breast cancer. The new AUC aim to improve healthcare outcomes by making the use of bone scintigraphy more consistent and reducing unnecessary imaging costs.
The study identifies variables that attract and repel young Spanish researchers, highlighting the importance of social capabilities in retaining scientists. Attracting researchers involves differential advantages such as research career, training, funding, and institutional prestige, while retention focuses on social factors like work ...
A study reveals that Bifidobacterium longum has adapted to the infant gut by producing an enzyme called LnbX, which enables growth on a sugar abundant in human milk. This adaptation suggests a possible evolutionary route for the breast milk-driven symbiosis between gut microbes and humans.
Researchers at Florida State University discovered that adopting a 'code of the street' culture can increase arrest and conviction rates. They found that individuals who adhere to this code are disproportionately more likely to be arrested and convicted, even after controlling for factors like poverty and unemployment.
Researchers investigate factors driving violent extremism, including community resilience and psychological constructs like humiliation, to better understand why some with radical views become terrorists. They also examine methods for assessing risk and preventing radicalization.
A recent review suggests that a family history of prostate cancer does not increase the risk of more aggressive cancer progression. Men with a family history should discuss risks and options with their doctor, and further research is needed to confirm these findings, particularly among African American men.
The article highlights the link between diabetes and depression, as well as the importance of assessing psychosocial stresses in diabetes management. It also discusses the management goals for patients who engage in self-harming or suicidal behavior, emphasizing the need for frequent glycemic monitoring and a multi-disciplinary approach.
The Austen Riggs Center has received a major grant from the John Leopold Weil and Geraldine Rickard Weil Memorial Charitable Foundation to support its Human Development Initiative. The initiative aims to provide community-based preventive care for infant, child, and family mental health in Berkshire County.
Researchers found that cardiac glycosides, a class of heart failure drugs, can reduce LDL cholesterol levels in patients who don't respond to statins. The study used liver-like cells generated from patient stem cells and showed significant reductions in ApoB levels, indicating potential for a new treatment option.
A study on reduced radiotherapy in young children with brain tumors found that deviations from the treatment protocol led to poorer outcomes. Children who received radiation therapy according to protocol had improved overall survival rates.
Scientists at Lund University have developed a new understanding of how human blood cells form during embryonic development, showing that endothelial cells undergo dramatic changes to become blood cells. The research provides critical insights into the origins of blood and its regulation in development.
Researchers at Duke University have developed a sensor that detects specific wavelengths of electromagnetic energy using gold-plated crystals. The technology outperforms existing detectors in size, weight, power, speed and cost, making it ideal for detecting methane or natural gas leaks, monitoring crop health and recycling plastics.
A new study suggests that human activity is driving the spread of honey bee pathogens, leading to colony losses. The research argues for collective actions to mitigate this issue, including stronger regulations and increased education among beekeepers.
Researchers have designed a porous material inspired by leaf veins that improves rechargeable battery performance and gas sensing. The material enhances the charge and discharge process, reducing stresses and increasing battery life by up to 25 times.
Researchers found that aneuploidy, a condition causing abnormal chromosome numbers, can lead to varying outcomes in genetically identical cells. The study's findings have significant implications for cancer treatment, as it may explain why some cancer cells respond differently to therapy.
A study developed the Historic Book Odour Wheel to document the aromas associated with old books. Visitors to libraries described the smell as 'woody', 'smoky', and 'earthy'. The wheel combines chemical descriptions with sensory inputs, providing a tool for conservators and heritage management.
The American College of Surgeons has published comprehensive hospital-level surgical care standards for older adults, reflecting a shift toward interdisciplinary care. The new standards aim to improve the quality of geriatric surgery by addressing physiological changes related to aging and chronic diseases.
Dr. Debabrata Mukherjee advises against bioresorbable stents due to their high cost, longer insertion time, and lack of improved results compared to conventional drug-eluting stents. The recent clinical trial results show a higher risk of device thrombosis with Absorb stents.
Researchers at Washington State University have made a breakthrough in preserving sperm stem cells, which could improve fertility for boys undergoing cancer treatment. The new technology has shown an eight-fold improvement in viable sperm stem cells, allowing for potential long-term preservation and return to fertility.
A group of giant viruses, called Klosneuviruses, were identified as acquiring components from many other viruses and proteins in an evolutionarily recent timeframe. The analysis suggests that these whopper viruses did not evolve from a cellular ancestor but rather are derived from a much smaller virus through extensive gene gain.
Research from Florida State University found that girls rate their math abilities lower than boys, even when scores are equal. The study suggests perception gaps in challenging mathematics contexts impact girls' confidence and subsequent career choices in STEM fields.
Researchers found that bacteria in two separate populations can synchronize their oscillations to coordinate nutrient sharing, promoting growth. This communication strategy is similar to engineered systems and allows each community to take turns consuming limited resources, leading to a faster average growth rate.
A recent study has identified a gene mutation as the cause of delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD), a common sleep disorder affecting up to 10% of the public. The CRY1 protein plays a crucial role in regulating the circadian clock, and a single-point mutation can lead to prolonged sleep onset times and irregular sleep patterns.
Researchers found that cephalopods use RNA editing extensively, with over half of their transcribed genes being edited. This process has profoundly constrained the evolution of the cephalopod genome.
The National Science Foundation has awarded 156 early career engineers with a total of $78 million in grants, covering fields like smart materials, advanced robotics, and secure communications. These awardees will conduct five-year research projects and are expected to make significant advances in their respective areas.
A collaborative effort analyzed iPS cells to understand how individual mutations contribute to polygenetic diseases, revealing that smaller collections of cells can produce results and identifying small changes in gene expression with dramatic effects on cells. The study also found that some effects manifest before cell differentiation.
A systematic analysis of chemokine interactions reveals two structural types with different functional effects on inflammation. The study identifies potential therapeutic targets using specially designed peptides that selectively inhibit atherosclerosis and acute inflammation.
A new study finds that climate change will lead to a significant increase in severe turbulence, with some flights experiencing turbulent conditions twice as often as currently. The research suggests that the average amount of light turbulence will rise by 59% and moderate turbulence by 94%.
A new study suggests that cephalopods, such as octopus and squid, have evolved prolific RNA editing to enable complex behaviors. This mechanism comes at the cost of reduced genomic DNA evolution, with a trade-off between the two processes observed in these animals.
A recent study found that women with overactive bladder who received antimuscarinics were 38% more likely to develop depressive disorder within three years. The use of these drugs was associated with an increased risk of depression, highlighting the need for careful monitoring and consideration of alternative treatment options.