Researchers developed a new technology using nanopowders to modify aluminum alloys, improving operational properties and reducing energy costs. The innovative method has the potential to transform the metallurgy industry, with key customers including major producers of primary aluminum.
Researchers found geochemical anomalies, known as 'fingerprints' of early Earth conditions, in young volcanic rocks from Hawaii and Samoa. These signatures suggest that the planet's interior may not be well mixed after all.
Researchers found that bat ear movements can pack extra information into ultrasonic pulses, improving echolocation accuracy. Combining data from different configurations increased a sensor's ability to localize sound waves by a factor of 100 to 1000.
Researchers found that athletes with favorable genetic profiles have lower levels of muscle damage and fatigue during marathons. The study's findings open the door for personalized training based on an individual's genetic makeup.
Researchers at Rice University engineered bacteria capable of sensing colitis in mice, detecting elevated thiosulfate levels and finding a potential biomarker for human colitis. The breakthrough could lead to orally ingestible bacteria for monitoring gut health and disease.
A new group of giant viruses, dubbed Klosneuviruses, has been discovered with a more complete set of translation machinery genes than any other virus known to date. These viruses are thought to have evolved from smaller viruses and encode proteins involved in protein biosynthesis, expanding our understanding of viral evolution.
The US healthcare system is exacerbating growing health inequalities fueled by structural racism, mass incarceration, and the widening income gap. The richest 1% of Americans live 10-15 years longer than the poorest 1%, with low-income Americans being left further behind.
A new study provides quantitative measurements to help guide clinicians in counseling patients seeking lip augmentation. The research found that there is no single fixed guideline for predicting subjective perception of lips, highlighting the importance of personalized consultation.
A study published in JAMA Oncology analyzes 18 years of data on Oregon's Death with Dignity Act, revealing that 64% of patients who used the law ingested the medication and died. The majority of users were older white men with college education, and cancer was the underlying terminal illness for 77% of cases.
Researchers capture snapshots of electronic structure during a transient state of a reaction using femtosecond pulses of X-ray light on a tabletop apparatus. The study provides insights into the ring-opening reactions of cyclic molecules, relevant to photobiological synthesis and optoelectronic technologies.
A team of researchers identified a genetic mutation responsible for an adult's rare and severe immune system disorder. They developed a molecular therapy using Morpholino Antisense Oligonucleotide that corrected the mutation and allowed the patient's immune system to function properly.
A University of Alberta study found that babies from pet households had higher levels of microbes linked to lower allergy and obesity risks. Exposure to pets in the womb or after birth increased abundance of bacteria Ruminococcus and Oscillospira, which have been linked to reduced childhood allergies and obesity.
A new research initiative aims to reduce HIV infection and transmission by providing job readiness and employment skills to young men who have sex with men and young transgender women. The project, funded by the NIH, will explore how economic stability can prevent adolescent homelessness, drug use, and migration to high-risk environments.
Researchers at EPFL's Environmental Remote Sensing Laboratory developed an algorithm to classify six different classes of snowflakes, improving precipitation measurement and forecast accuracy. The study used high-resolution images of snowflakes taken from three angles and analyzed their shape, geometry, and electromagnetic properties.
A recent study published in PLOS Pathogens found that lactate produced in the upper throat can initiate the dispersal of Neisseria meningitidis microcolonies, allowing the bacteria to invade the body and cause meningitis. The researchers suggest that high concentrations of lactate serve as a signaling molecule for bacterial dispersal.
The USDA's National Institute of Food and Agriculture is providing $4.2 million to repay veterinary school loans for eligible veterinarians who serve in areas with a shortage of veterinary resources. This assistance aims to retain veterinarians in rural America, where they can provide essential services to farmers and ranchers.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can obtain lipids from their host plants, which are essential for their growth and reproduction. This discovery highlights the importance of lipid transfer in these symbiotic relationships, suggesting that AM fungi depend on their hosts for survival and nutrient uptake.
Researchers discovered that viral infections can break oral tolerance to dietary antigens, leading to celiac disease. The study highlights the previously unexplored connection between viral infection and immune responses in mice.
Researchers have developed a new technique that allows for precise mapping of cellular signaling networks involved in human biology and disease. This breakthrough opens up exciting avenues for understanding and treating psychiatric diseases, including opioid addiction.
Research suggests that low urine ammonium excretion may identify individuals with chronic kidney disease at high risk of progression or death. Low ammonium levels also predict increased risk of developing acidosis and a higher mortality rate.
Researchers at Rockefeller University discovered a genetic mutation in the CRY1 gene that slows the internal biological clock, causing delayed sleep phase disorder. The mutation affects up to 1 in 75 people and can be present in families, with relatives sharing similar signs of persistent sleep problems.
Tropical Cyclone 15S has the capability to produce heavy rainfall due to its extremely low cloud top temperatures, detected by NASA's Aqua satellite. The storm is forecasted to dissipate in three days, but will continue tracking south-southwestward around an elongated area of subtropical high pressure.
Researchers found evidence of long-lasting engram cells in the frontal part of the brain, which mature as new memories become permanent. These cells were activated naturally only after weeks of conditioning, suggesting a maturation process that requires input from hippocampal engram cells.
A recent study found that a specific wave pattern in the upper atmosphere, called wavenumber-5, is associated with California's droughts and floods. The wave pattern emerges during the northern winter and can lead to persistent extreme events like heat waves, droughts, and floods. Scientists hope that this new understanding of wavenumb...
A new article evaluates the Oregon Death with Dignity Act, finding 64% of patients who used lethal medication had cancer. The study also reveals an increase in prescriptions written annually from 24 to 218 between 1998 and 2015.
A recent study has uncovered the ancestral origins of Sardinian populations, revealing a high percentage of unique genetic signatures. The research team analyzed DNA samples from modern Sardinians and ancient skeletal remains, finding that 78.4% of modern mitogenomes cluster into 'Sardinian-specific haplogroups'.
The pivotal MOMENTUM 3 trial found that patients with the new HeartMate 3 LVAS experienced fewer adverse clotting and bleeding events than those with the control device, HeartMate II. The study also developed a novel scoring system to quantify these events.
A recent study by Michigan State University researchers found nearly 1,800 large data breaches in patient information over a seven-year period. Hospitals were responsible for most of these breaches, which highlights the need for increased data protection in the healthcare industry.
Researchers at AMBER Centre have fabricated the first printed transistors consisting entirely of 2-dimensional nanomaterials, opening the path for industry to cheaply print electronic devices. The breakthrough could unlock applications such as smart food packaging and labels, and even window panes displaying weather forecasts.
A new study links common reovirus infection with the development of celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder caused by an improper immune response to gluten. Reovirus-induced immune responses can lead to the loss of oral tolerance to gluten, setting the stage for celiac disease.
Scientists have discovered that cancer can commandeers immature immune cells, called MDSCs, to facilitate its spread. MDSCs are normally part of the immune system's anti-tumor response but, under the influence of tumor-secreted cytokines, they can help tumors grow and metastasize.
The European Research Council awards €2.4M to Thomas Sunn Pedersen for creating the world's first matter-antimatter plasma. The plasma is expected to exhibit extraordinary properties and may reveal new discoveries in astrophysics.
Researchers will create a software program that integrates MRI scans with navigational systems to build personalized 3-D maps of brain functions and anatomy.
Researchers identified urinary biomarkers that distinguish between children with Down syndrome who have and don't have obstructive sleep apnea. The study found significant differences in biomarker signatures between all participants with Down syndrome and typically developing children, regardless of OSA presence or absence.
Researchers investigate how wall materials and structures impact secondary electron emission, which can affect plasma confinement and efficiency. They find that lithium oxide linings release more secondary electrons than other materials, highlighting the need to account for reactivity in fusion models.
Researchers used financial math models to accurately predict changes in HIV surface proteins over 30 years. By analyzing structural properties and 'volatility,' they can design vaccines that match the virus's evolving targets.
The American Society of Hematology has awarded $150,000 in Bridge Grants to five researchers to sustain their hematologic research proposals. The grants will help preserve programs at institutions across the US and encourage the retention of promising researchers in uncertain NIH funding environments.
The Endocrine Society has issued a statement advising healthcare providers on how to spot hormonal causes of high blood pressure that can be cured with surgery or treated effectively with medication. Screening for underlying conditions is crucial to prevent cardiovascular disease, renal disease, and even death.
Rutgers scientists determine the structure of tuberculosis drug target Mtb RNA polymerase and discover a new class of compounds, Na-aroyl-N-aryl-phenylalanamides (AAPs), that potently inhibit it. The findings reveal potential for developing improved anti-tuberculosis drugs.
A new study published in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior found that there are areas of convergence between parents, children, and restaurant executives regarding healthy meal choices. Common ground includes the importance of taste and familiarity, which can inform efforts to promote healthier options.
The next generation TimeTree web combines molecular sequencing data with geological timelines and environmental information. Users can now explore the history of life on Earth in detail, tracing species evolution through time and comparing divergence times between species.
A study found that sustained smoking abstinence with e-cigarettes was more likely in countries with fewer restrictions on their sale and use. In the US and UK, 73% of EC users reported sustained cigarette abstinence, compared to 32% in Canada and Australia.
Researchers used patient's own muscle stem cells to create patches that were surgically glued onto the surface of patients' hearts. One year after treatment, patients showed improvements in exercise capacity and heart function, suggesting this cell patch may be a viable therapy for treating heart failure.
A research team from the University of Freiburg has developed a new method to create microprobes that can grow into neural tissue without causing inflammation. These probes can deliver strong signals even after twelve weeks, opening up new possibilities for diagnoses and treatments for conditions like Parkinson's.
The American Association of Anatomists has launched a new Virtual Microscopy Database to share high-quality digital tissue slides for education, research, and scholarship. The database was created to address the limitations of existing digital slide collections and provides a centralized repository for anatomy and histology scholars.
The prevalence of daily smoking declined globally between 1990 and 2015, but the number of daily smokers continues to rise year-over-year. Robust tobacco control programs have led to progress in reducing smoking rates, but more efforts are needed to prevent new smokers and encourage quitters.
As the US HIV population ages, cancer incidence rates for AIDS-defining cancers are expected to decline due to effective treatment with modern antiretroviral therapies. However, frequencies of other cancers such as lung and prostate cancer are projected to increase.
Researchers tested house fly survival on erythritol and found flies died no faster than if fed water alone, suggesting starvation, not toxicity, is the cause of death.
Researchers discovered compounds in areca nuts that target addiction-related brain receptors, potentially treating nicotine cravings without side effects. The new molecules could offer a safer alternative to existing smoking cessation drugs like Chantix.
Veterinarians often use a directive style, which can limit client emotional connection and motivation. Research suggests that an evidence-based, mutually-driven approach can improve uptake of veterinary recommendations.
A new study published in Neurology suggests that regular exercise, not body mass index, predicts a person's level of disability after a stroke. Exercise was defined as vigorous physical activity three times a week or more, and participants who exercised regularly were more likely to be independent before and after stroke.
Scientists have discovered a new species of snail that filter-feeds like whales and shoots webs like Spiderman. The 'Spiderman' worm-snails could play a significant role in coral reef restoration efforts, but their presence also poses risks to corals and other reef organisms.
Researchers at PPPL and General Atomics simulated a self-organized flow of superhot plasma that fuels fusion reactions. The findings show that sufficient heating can drive instabilities leading to plasma rotation, which may be used to improve fusion device performance. High-energy beams traditionally injected into the plasma are replac...
Researchers have created a structure that allows tuning of topological properties, enabling the control of current flow and opening up possibilities for circuits based on topological behaviors. The discovery presents a new artificial crystal lattice structure for studying quantum behaviors.
Researchers found that Candida yeast infections contribute to bowel difficulties in men with schizophrenia. Probiotics also decreased delusions and hallucinations in participants without a history of yeast infections. Larger studies are needed to validate these findings and determine their effectiveness for women with schizophrenia.
A recent study found that multivitamin supplements did not reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and older men, regardless of their initial dietary intake or nutritional status. The Physicians' Health Study II, a large-scale randomized clinical trial, investigated this potential benefit over an 11-year period.
Researchers at MIT have developed a new method for detecting foodborne pathogens like E. coli using specialized droplets that can bind to bacterial proteins, allowing for fast and affordable testing with smartphones.
Researchers from Vetmeduni Vienna found that the raccoon dog is a greater risk than the raccoon as a vector for local parasites. The study revealed the presence of fox tapeworm and other parasites in raccoon dogs, which also infest local foxes.
A study by Duke University economists found that catch shares reduce the 'race to fish' that compresses fishing seasons. This allows fishers to time their catches with market demand, reducing occupational hazards and improving fish quality. While exceptions exist, benefits still outweigh negatives.
A successful antibody treatment protected nonhuman primates against the deadly Marburg and Ravn viruses even when given five days after becoming infected. Monoclonal antibodies show promise in providing protection during advanced stages of disease with highly dangerous viruses.