A study analyzing tree-ring fire scars reveals a strong connection between drought driven by the Southern Annular Mode and regional fire activity. The research suggests that SAM-mediated droughts may drive widespread wildfire activity in southern South America during the 21st century.
Agricultural land use has led to significant soil carbon loss over the past 12,000 years. Major cropping or grazing regions show high hotspots of soil carbon loss, indicating potential areas for restoration.
Research finds that indoles produced by intestinal bacteria enhance mobility, resistance to stress, and reproductive span in worms, flies, and mice. Indoles may help maintain the intestinal barrier and limit systemic inflammatory effects, suggesting a potential therapeutic avenue for improving healthspan.
A new method using molecular spectroscopy enables researchers to extract biochemical profiles containing information about disease progression. The method facilitates improved understanding of the mechanistic processes on molecular and cellular levels that are key to developing diabetes.
Researchers report that indole reduces age-related infirmities and alters AHR-regulated gene expression. Indole exposure is linked to increased healthspan in animals with functional AHR.
A study has identified a genetic signature linked to defects in the DNA damage repair-genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 in breast cancer. The researchers found that this signature is not exclusive to BRCA mutations but also indicates other ways of deactivating the DNA repair mechanism, offering new insights into breast cancer treatment decisions.
The aCar is an electric off-road capable vehicle designed to strengthen rural structures and drive the economy in Africa. Its modular structure allows for various applications, including water treatment, medical care, and cargo transportation.
Japanese researchers investigated the effects of charged group spacer length on hydration state in polymer brushes, revealing a clearer picture of the relationship between structure and properties. The results show that hydration states are independent of chain spacer length, with water uptake not affected by this parameter.
Researchers created high-pressure conditions to simulate the interior of icy giant planets and observe the formation of solid diamonds. The team used X-ray pulses to measure the chemical reaction, providing unambiguous evidence of diamond rain in real-time for the first time.
Researchers found that licorice extracts from three species can inhibit certain liver enzymes involved in drug metabolism, potentially causing interactions with medications. The team plans to develop a safe and effective licorice therapy using a specific species, G. glabra, for women experiencing menopausal symptoms.
A new tool developed by Kaiser Permanente researchers can identify diabetes patients at high risk of severe hypoglycemia-related emergency department or hospital visits. The tool categorizes patients into three risk levels based on six variables, and has been validated with data from over 1.3 million members.
Researchers have made progress toward a vaccine against fentanyl and heroin combinations, showing efficacy in monkeys. The vaccine stimulates production of antibodies that bind to the heroin molecule itself and prevent it from reaching the opioid receptor.
The University of California, Davis, will develop online teaching and learning resources for K-12 history-social science curriculum, fostering better understanding of California's history and improving student literacy. The program, Teaching California, aims to provide accessible and engaging resources for teachers and students.
Researchers demonstrate a universal probe for exotic states of matter by heating up quantum systems. This phenomenon is linked to the topological nature of the system and can be quantized in terms of a unique physical observable: the heating rate.
Researchers have discovered that Australian tiger snake venom is highly conserved across species, making the corresponding antivenom effective against many other snake bites. This finding has significant human medical benefits and upends a long-held theory on venom evolution.
Researchers estimate that climate change increased overlap between sockeye salmon spawning and red elderberry ripening seasons on Kodiak Island, Alaska. This shift in food resources can alter food webs among Kodiak brown bears.
The global prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is estimated to be about 8 per 1,000 in the general population, with 1 in every 13 pregnant women delivering a child with FASD. Higher prevalence rates are observed in special populations, such as Aboriginal populations and children in care.
Large soot injections at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary could have prevented photosynthesis and reduced global temperatures by up to 16C for several years. The effects likely contributed to mass extinction through ozone layer depletion and stratospheric warming.
Staphylococcus aureus, a common bacteria causing severe infections, has developed mechanisms to evade the human immune system. Researchers have identified various tactics used by S. aureus to slow down neutrophil migration, impede priming, and even kill neutrophils. Understanding these strategies can lead to new therapeutic approaches.
Researchers at the University at Buffalo have discovered a novel combination of aztreonam, amikacin, and polymyxin B that is capable of eradicating the deadly E. coli bacterium carrying mcr-1 and ndm-5 genes. The triple combination was found to eliminate the bacteria within 24 hours and prevent regrowth.
A new study published in CMAJ found that sedentary time increases the risk of death for middle-aged and older people who are frail and inactive. However, this association was not observed among nonfrail adults who were inactive. The study suggests that physicians should stress the harms of inactivity with patients to encourage movement.
Researchers have identified a potential method to screen for Zika virus exposure using proteomics in saliva. The study found that specific protein signatures can be detected in the saliva of infected individuals, allowing for earlier detection and treatment of the virus.
The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine has received two highly competitive post-doctoral Institutional Training Grants for genomic science. The grants will support training programs in translational medicine and informatics, as well as the ethical, legal, and social implications of genetics and genomics.
A team of researchers found a new quorum-sensing molecule that increases the virulence of P. aeruginosa by activating RhlR independently of C4-HSL. This discovery offers potential for developing novel antimicrobial drugs to treat serious infections caused by this bacterium.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University found that people's beliefs about scientifically-associated topics become increasingly polarized with education. Education was correlated with both political and religious identity for some issues, while others showed a correlation only with political identity.
Scientists develop silver nanowire-coated textiles that provide multiple protection capabilities against extreme cold weather. These fabrics can capture sweat and maintain a consistent temperature, improving soldier comfort during missions.
Researchers have developed silk-based wearable body sensors with high sensitivity and flexibility, enabled by the use of N-doped carbon and graphene nanoparticles. These sensors can monitor various body functions in real time, enabling more rapid response times for medical professionals.
Researchers have developed a mussel-inspired glue that can prevent premature labor and promote healthier futures for babies. The adhesive, infused with dihydroxyphenylalanine from mussel feet, has shown promise in preventing amniotic sac tears during fetal surgery.
A study published in Brain found that people who hear voices can detect disguised speech-like sounds more quickly and easily than non-voice-hearers. Voice-hearers' brains automatically responded to meaningful sounds in the regions linked to attention and monitoring skills.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University have discovered that sugars in human milk possess antibacterial properties and can enhance the effectiveness of proteins, making them a potential new source of antimicrobial agents. The study found that these compounds can kill bacteria directly or break down biofilms to protect themselves.
Researchers have discovered that certain sugars in breast milk can act as anti-biofilm agents, helping prevent GBS infection in infants. The study suggests these sugars could potentially become part of an antibacterial treatment for infants or adults.
Researchers tested TVs and tablets with quantum dots, finding they can leach into landfill water, but at low concentrations. The study suggests that the potential benefits of using safer nanomaterials may outweigh the costs.
KAUST researchers develop a tomographic PIV system using four low-cost smartphones and colored backlighting, enabling quantitative flow visualization. The system compares well with commercial equipment, with deviations in circulation flow of less than 8%, and holds promise for various applications involving turbulence.
Researchers have identified a particular type of bacteria that may help break down lactic acid, leading to reduced muscle fatigue and soreness after intense exercise. The team also found niche microbiomes for different sports, suggesting potential benefits for various athletes.
The American Chemical Society has unveiled its annual 'Talented 12' list, showcasing young scientists working on world-changing projects. The researchers are developing alternative fuel sources, novel cancer treatments and innovative materials for everyday products.
Korean researchers used protein crystallography to study the three-dimensional structure of proteins regulating neuronal cell connections. They identified MDGA1 protein's role in inhibiting inhibitory synapse formation and verified its control mechanism, providing insights into autism and brain diseases.
A study led by Penn State researchers found that wood frog populations are more sensitive to changes in temperature or temperature interacting with precipitation than to changes in precipitation alone. This suggests that sensitivity to climate change cannot be predicted solely by knowing locations within the species' climate envelope.
Researchers reveal histone 1 prevents accumulation of lethal R-loops and genome instability in heterochromatin, contradicting long-held hypothesis.
Researchers found that 77% of patients referred to an income security health promotion service needed assistance with increasing income, including filing taxes and applying for social services. The service acts as a bridge between health and social care, helping patients navigate financial and social support systems.
A Drexel University study found that older smokers are 20% more likely to quit when cigarette prices increase by $1. The study also showed a 3% overall reduction in smoking risk and a 7% reduction in risk for heavy smokers. Raising cigarette prices appears to be an effective strategy for encouraging smoking cessation across all ages.
Researchers have developed a catalytic process that can effectively reduce nitrogen oxides emissions from diesel-powered vehicles, particularly during transient and cold-start conditions. The breakthrough could pave the way for more efficient NOx removal technologies, enabling diesel engines to meet stringent emissions regulations.
Researchers at Harvard Medical School have identified the mechanism behind red blood cell specialization, controlled by the enzyme UBE2O. The study reveals that UBE2O marks proteins for destruction, allowing precursor red blood cells to become specialized and well-nourished with oxygen.
Scientists develop an artificial silk protein that can be used to engineer cardiac tissue, demonstrating its suitability for repairing damaged heart cells. The protein, eADF4(κ16), was produced in large quantities and shown to support the growth of cardiac cells, with potential implications for treating cardiac insufficiency.
A comprehensive analysis of gene variants in 23 different tissues and developmental stages of mice reveals tissue-specific differences in gene variant activity. The study found that genetic and epigenetic differences contribute to these patterns, with some genes escaping X-chromosome inactivation and exhibiting high rates of activity.
Researchers have discovered a new family of proteins involved in cross-reactivity between cypress pollen and certain fruits, leading to improved allergy diagnosis and treatment. This finding, published in Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, sheds light on the underlying mechanisms behind pollen food associated syndrome.
A new study by researchers at the University of Gothenburg supports the notion that Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) exert a specific antidepressant effect. Contrary to the 'placebo effect' theory, SSRIs are shown to be effective in treating depression, even in patients without side effects.
A new study reveals that sleep deprivation significantly enhances postoperative pain behaviors and extends recovery time after surgery. Caffeine blocks this effect by blocking adenosine in the brain, suggesting a potential novel intervention for improving postoperative pain management.
Tropical Depression Thirteen-E formed on Aug 18 near latitude 14.8 North, longitude 116.5 West. The depression is expected to strengthen and reach hurricane strength by the end of the weekend, with maximum sustained winds near 35 mph.
A new approach to optical imaging allows for fast and economical tracking of multiple molecular interactions in large areas of living tissue. The method, developed by Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute researchers, can capture interactions in mere billionths of a second and simultaneously track 16 colors of spatially linked information.
The Global Precipitation Measurement mission detected extremely heavy rainfall in Tropical Storm Harvey, with rates reaching almost 5.8 inches per hour. The satellite's radar showed powerful convective storms west of the storm's center, creating a 3D image of the rainfall structure.
Researchers found that fatty liver disease can cause damage to other organs, particularly the pancreas. The protein fetuin-A produced by the fatty liver triggers an inflammatory response in the pancreas, leading to reduced insulin secretion and worsening of blood glucose regulation.
Researchers developed a new approach to identify individual equatorial waves in wind and geopotential height fields using classical equatorial wave theory. This allows for the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of equatorial waves, including their initiations, propagations, and interactions with tropical convections.
Researchers at Penn State's IST developed a system that correlates Twitter posts with power outage reports, showing a moderate-to-strong correlation. The tool could enable real-time monitoring and faster deployment of resources during disasters.
A study by researchers at Mount Sinai identified a brain mechanism that makes siblings of bipolar patients resilient to the disease. The brain can adapt to its biological risk, opening new avenues for research on enhancing resilience.
A study found that women who experience hypertension during pregnancy have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and hypertension after pregnancy. Long-term follow-up is necessary to manage risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
Researchers at OIST have improved the stability of perovskite solar cells by inserting a thin polymer layer, extending their lifespan four-fold. They have also developed a new method to manufacture perovskite LEDs using chemical vapor deposition, which could lead to lower-cost and more efficient lighting solutions.
A study on Costa Rican tropical bird species reveals that climate change and habitat conversion are driving the loss of biodiversity by favoring similar species in both wetter and drier areas. Conservation efforts should focus on protecting wetter forests and incentivizing private landowners to create forest patches near their farms.
Researchers from Chinese Academy of Sciences create SHANK3-deficient non-human primate model, showing significant reduction in postsynaptic proteins and mature neurons. The study highlights the critical role of SHANK3 in early brain development and its potential for advancing autism research.
Researchers find that certain patterns of collaboration are more effective in solving shared environmental problems, with tightly linked actors working together improving outcomes. A socio-ecological 'fit' between networks and ecosystems also increases the possibility of effectively solving environmental problems.
Researchers have discovered a method to quickly shut down instabilities in fusion devices by injecting highly energetic particles, which can cause fusion reactions to fizzle out. This technique could prove useful for the international fusion facility ITER and demonstrate the ability to confine a burning plasma.